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1.
海洋动物体石油烃污染评价标准参考值的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前，国内外尚无颁布任何海洋生物石油污染评价标准，为了满足海洋生物石油污染评价的需要，本文采用综合分析与毒理学分析相结合的方法，探讨和提出了海洋动物石油污染评价标准参考值，海洋鱼类、贝类和甲壳类的石油污染评价标准参考值（干重）分别为１５、７０和２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。 相似文献
2.
海洋石油勘探开发过程中产生的污染物主要包括溢油、燃料、洗压舱水、油田生产水、钻井泥浆等。生物监测是利用生物体检测污染物或其它危害因子引致的毒害效应水平 ,以评价污染物对环境影响的一种方法。石油开采业对海洋生物的影响是肯定的 ,不同的只是程度上的差别。在平台或排污源附近 ,生物体受影响的程度比较严重 ,表现在生理代谢异常、组织生化改变等 ,从而扰乱物种的生物繁殖 ,改变生物群落的生态结构和生活特性 [1] ,有些改变可能是不可逆的或致死性的。研究海洋石油开发污染物对海洋生物的影响以及利用海洋生物监测污染已成为一项重… 相似文献
3.
于2005年8月对湛江港附近海域潮间带的海水、表层沉积物和贝类体内的重金属进行了分析,结果表明:海水中的砷优于海水水质Ⅰ类标准,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均有不同程度的污染,其中铜、铅、镉污染较为严重,均劣于海水水质Ⅳ类标准;表层沉积物中砷的含量低于全国海岸带背景值,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均高于全国海岸带背景值,其标准指数分别为1.35、1.66、1.50、2.08、3.10,汞、铜略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,有轻微污染,砷、锌、铅均低于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,未受污染,而镉略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第二类标准,环境受镉污染。各元素在各站点的分布没有规律性。牡蛎和蛤仔体内各重金属含量均优于海洋生物污染评价标准和人体消费卫生标准,其卫生质量良好。 相似文献
4.
对长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域101个表层沉积物和102个表层海水样进行取样调查,开展表层沉积物类型、粒度、表层沉积物和海水重金属等指标分析测试,采用单因子污染指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价该区表层沉积物潜在生态风险,采用海水水质分类和单因子污染指数法评价表层海水污染情况。表层沉积物结果表明：沉积物为泥质砂质砾、砾质泥质砂、砾质泥、含砾泥质砂、砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂,平均粒径介于2.44~5.44Ф;Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、硫化物和石油类都符合第一类标准,属于清洁沉积物;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As富集系数均＜1,处于低度污染水平;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As单项潜在生态危害系数Eir介于0.56~30.71之间,RI均值为66.27,远低于低度生态危害的划分标准值。表层海水结果表明：21个站位受到Hg污染,略高于第一类标准,满足第二类标准,主要位于研究区西北部、西中部和东北部海域,其余指标均符合规定第一类标准;Hg、Cu和Zn含量处于较清洁环境范围内,As、COD、石油类、Pb、Cr和Cd含量处于自然本底环境。根据海底沉积物和海水分析结果得出,长岛北四岛海域海洋牧场规划区底质和水质环境适宜建设海洋牧场。 相似文献
5.
南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的5个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（p＜0.05）和红海湾（P＜0．05）,该3个海区和珠江口明显高于台湾浅滩（p＜0.01）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（p＞0．05）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。 相似文献
6.
<正>海洋约占地球表面积的71%。海洋中生活着种类繁多的海洋生物,它们本该自由自在地畅游在蓝色家园。然而,过度捕捞、气候变化、环境污染等因素,使海洋生物的生存现状堪忧。尤其是那些具有经济和生态价值的海洋生物,更是面临种群数量下降、多样性衰退,甚至濒临灭绝的境地。海洋物种的生存状况与人类活动息 相似文献
7.
文章分析了湛江经济发展的优势所在，认为湛江具有较好的基础设施条件，有较好的工业基础，原材料市场和产品市场，拥有一些地理位置优势，条件好的港口，具有发展海洋运输业的优势；海洋生物资源丰富，具有发展海洋养殖加工的条件，并且有多处独具特色的亚热带旅游风光，具有发展海洋滨旅游业的潜力。在此基础上用主导产业的选择准则判断和分析并提出湛江经济发展应以海洋运输业作为其主导产业。同时，要协调好主导产业与前向、后向 相似文献
8.
比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的５个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（Ｐ〈０．０５）和红海弯（Ｐ〈０．０５）,该３个海区和珠江口明显高地台湾浅滩（Ｐ〈０．０１）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。 相似文献
9.
科学选择海洋战略性新兴产业对海洋产业转型升级和优化海洋产业结构具有重要意义。通过总结和分析主导产业和战略性新兴产业的选择理论和选择方法,利用钻石模型,结合海洋战略性新兴产业的一般属性和发展规律,构建出我国海洋战略性新兴产业定性选择模型,并科学选择出海洋渔业、海洋矿业、海洋生物医药与健康养殖业、海洋油气业、海洋工程装备制造业、海洋船舶工业、海洋清洁能源业、海洋交通运输业、滨海旅游业和海洋科研教育管理服务业作为我国海洋战略性新兴产业。 相似文献
10.
中国海洋倾废历史与管理现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张和庆 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(5):15-23
介绍了我国海洋倾废的历史、发展过程和管理现状，分析了海洋倾倒的现状和面临的困难。文章还提出通过高新技术把疏浚泥迅速转化为再生资源进行利用和污染土无害化处理技术，从根本上减少疏浚泥海洋倾倒的数量和缓减海洋倾倒区紧张的状况，减少对海洋环境的污染。 相似文献
11.
To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment. 相似文献
12.
Cai Laixing Xiao Guolin Zeng Zhigang Zhang Xunhua Guo Xingwei Wang Shuping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):1169-1187
The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions. 相似文献
13.
断裂和不整合面是油气流体运移的良好通道,但对其流体活动特征的差异研究却不甚深入。以准噶尔盆地腹部地区为例,主要从流体活动的矿物岩石学记录入手,对断裂和不整合面的流体活动特征进行了对比研究。结果表明,断裂带流体活动复杂,在活动期均是油气流体运移的良好通道,并呈现出“幕式”特征,流体来源以深源含油气流体与大气降水影响为主。相比而言,不整合面之上流体来源较为单一,主要是含油气流体,而不整合面之下与断裂带地区类似,受到深源含油气流体与大气降水的复合影响。总体而言,断裂带流体活动强度要比不整合面上下的储层更强,断裂与不整合面纵横交叉之处是油气流体活动的有利通道,距不整合面越远,其流体活动强度越弱。这些认识可为区域油气勘探提供科学依据,也可供国内外同类研究类比参考。 相似文献
14.
深圳湾海水石油烃分布特征及其相关因素的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对深圳湾海水中石油烃进行4个航次的调查,研究深圳湾石油烃的分布特征,并对与其相关因素之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:整个深圳湾海域石油含量基本呈现出自湾内到湾外逐渐降低的平面分布特征;石油烃含量在季节上存在一定的差异:ρ冬季>ρ夏季>ρ春季>ρ秋季;石油烃与环境因子Chl-a、DIN存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),其相关系数分别为0.90,0.86,与DIP存在显著相关(P<0.05),相关系数为0.78。 相似文献
15.
The concentrations of natural radionuclide210Po in various components of the marine organisms of North China coastal waters are described and its contribution to the radiation
exposure of marine organisms and man are estimated. Data on its concentrations in different species show that, in general,
its concentration in crustaceans and molluses is higher than that in fish, where its concentrations in liver and gut are much
higher than that in bone and muscle. An estimation of the dose to marine organisms and man due to exposure to210Po is very necessary for any assessment of the impacts of man-made radionuclides from coastal nuclear power installations. 相似文献
16.
栾作峰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1987,5(1):59-66
It is known that the organic matter in the upper layer of sediments gets lost fast, but not in the South Huanghai Sea (Yellow sea). Some of the major characteristics of organic geochemistry of sediments in the South Huanghai Sea can be summarized as follows:1. The contents of organic carbon and bitumen increase with the decrease in grain size.2.Loss of organic matter is closely related to grain size but less so in clay sediments.3.The contents of bitumen and hydrocarbon are low, about n ×102 ppm for bitumen and n ×10 ppm for hydrocarbon.A scattered show of organic matter does not necessarily indicate the presence of petroleum in recent marine sediments.In research into the genesis of petroleum, people pay more attention to the study of the organic geochemistry of recent marine sediments. How much organic materials was lost during the deposition up to the diagenesis ? The problem is as important as the study on the transformation of organic matter. This study on the organic geochemistry of the sediment 相似文献
17.
INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentofcoastalnuclearpowerandmarinenuclearestablishments,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontothedistribution ,behaviorandpathwaysofsomeman maderadionuclidesinmarineenvironment.Thedischargedartificialradionuclidesoverlieabackgroundofnaturallyoccurringradionu clideswhicheitheralreadyexistedinmarineenvironmentorwasenhancedbysomeotherhumanactivi ties.Goodunderstandingofsomeman incurredradionuclides’impactsonpeopleandmarineorganismsrequiresknowledgeofsomecriticalnaturalradi… 相似文献
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A method was developed for content determination of Na, Mg, A1, Si, P,S, C1, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Ba, La and Ce etc. covering 26 major, minor, and trace elements in marine sediment samples using fused glass disc by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Calibration was made using marine sediment certified reference materials and the synthetic standard samples prepared by mixing several marine sediments with stream sediment and carbonate standard samples in different proportions. The matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficients, experience coefficients and the scattered radiation as the internal standard （for the trace elements）. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials GBW07314, GBW07334 and GSMS6. The results are in good agreement with the certified values of the standards with RSD less than 2.60%, except for Y, Cr, Ga, Ce, La, Nb, Rb, and V with RSD less than 9.0% （n=12）. 相似文献
20.
This study on the distribution features of petroleum hydrocarbon in water and sedi-ment off the Fujian shore using data obtained from the baseline research on oceanic contamination in Fujian showed that:during the research preiod,petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water varied from 5.77μg/L to 37.28μg/L,averaged 14.48 μg/L;was lower in the wet seasson than in the dry season;and was highest in the Minjiang Estuary and Jiulong Estuary in both seasons ,The petorleum hydrocarbon concentrations in shore sediment varied from 14.48 mg/kg to 784.36 mg/kg,averaged 133.3 mg/kg ,and was closely related to sediment types (granularity). 相似文献