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1.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):815-823
Most of the statistics given in this overview of the history and current status of Geoscience Education in South Africa pertain to the more geologically inclined disciplines; while the report does mention the extent to which earth sciences are taught in mining and geography departments, no detailed information about these activities are given. There are 13 active geoscience departments countrywide (eleven at universities and two at technical institutions) teaching a wide range of geological topics, some at a highly specialised level. There are just over 100 academic staff members engaged in teaching, supported by 65 technical and administrative staff. Of the teaching staff, 89% have Ph.D. degrees, and most are engaged in active research. About 150 three-year B.Sc., slightly fewer B.Sc. (Hons.), graduates, plus 10 geological technicians pass through the system every year, with most finding employment in the mining industry. Approximately 120 M.Sc. and 60 Ph.D. candidates are currently registered at the universities, about 40% of whom graduate in any particular year. 相似文献
2.
Marian Tredoux 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):887-888
Most of the statistics given in this overview of the history and current status of Geoscience Education in South Africa pertain to the more geologically inclined disciplines; while the report does mention the extent to which earth sciences are taught in mining and geography departments, no detailed information about these activities are given. There are 13 active geoscience departments countrywide (eleven at universities and two at technical institutions) teaching a wide range of geological topics, some at a highly specialised level. There are just over 100 academic staff members engaged in teaching, supported by 65 technical and administrative staff. Of the teaching staff, 89% have Ph.D. degrees, and most are engaged in active research. About 150 three-year B.Sc., slightly fewer B.Sc. (Hons.), graduates, plus 10 geological technicians pass through the system every year, with most finding employment in the mining industry. Approximately 120 M.Sc. and 60 Ph.D. candidates are currently registered at the universities, about 40% of whom graduate in any particular year. 相似文献
3.
The University of Nairobi is currently the only University in Kenya which offers degree level courses in the earth sciences. The Department was founded in 1961, became part of an autonomous University in 1970, awarded its first degrees in 1972 and awarded its first Geology degrees in 1978. The Department currently offers a four-year B.Sc. course - delivered as part of a course unit system - and an M.Sc. programme in Geology. Students are admitted to the University after eight years of primary and four years of secondary schooling. Graduates find employment either in government departments or in the private sector. The Department currently has 15 academic staff who are involved in a variety of research projects. Currently, there are collaborative links with Universities in Germany, Sweden and South Africa. 相似文献
4.
In Tanzania, the earth sciences are only taught at the University of Dar es Salaam, in the Department of Geology. The Department was founded in 1974, acquired its first Tanzanian staff in 1975 and produced its first graduates in 1977. Now the Department is completely run by Tanzanian staff and about 25 Geology students graduate annually.The Department offers B.Sc., M.Sc. (taught and by research) and Ph.D. degrees. Students enter the University after 13 years of schooling, thus, upon completion of A levels. Currently, about 30 students a year are admitted to the Geology course, of whom about five will fail to complete. Normally, only 5 to 10% of the undergraduates are women. Currently, most students obtain employment with exploration and mining companies.The Department has dedicated laboratories for teaching and research and has several items of analytical equipment. There are 15 academic staff, most with Ph.D.s, many of whom were trained in the 1980s and 1990s in Germany and Finland through collaborative training programmes. Current research projects are funded by Sweden, the Netherlands and the Tanzanian Government. 相似文献
5.
This paper describes Earth Science Education in Sudan, with particular emphasis on the University of Khartoum. The first geological department in Sudan was founded in 1958 in the University of Khartoum. In the 1980s, six more geological departments have been added in the newer universities. The types of courses offered include Diploma, B.Sc. (General), B.Sc. (Honours), M.Sc. and Ph.D. The Geology programmes are strongly supported by field work training and mapping. Final-year students follow specialised training in one of the following topics: hydrogeology, geophysics, economic geology, sedimentology and engineering geology. A graduation report, written in the final year, represents 30–40% of the total marks. The final assessment and grading are decided with the help of internal and external examiners.Entry into the Geology programmes is based on merit and performance. The number of students who graduate with Honours and become geologists is between 20% to 40% of the initial intake at the beginning of the second year. Employment opportunities are limited and are found mainly in the Government's geological offices, the universities and research centres, and private companies. The Department of Geology at the University of Khartoum has long-standing internal and external links with outside partners. This has been manifested in the training of staff members, the donation of teaching materials and laboratory facilities. The chief problems currently facing Earth Science Education in Sudan are underfunding, poor equipment, laboratory facilities and logistics. Other problems include a shortage of staff, absence of research, lack of supervision and emigration of staff members.Urgent measures are needed to assess and evaluate the status of Earth Science Education in terms of objectives, needs and difficulties encountered. Earth Science Education is expected to contribute significantly to the exploitation of mineral resources and socio-economic development in the Sudan. 相似文献
6.
There was a famous saying by Sage Archimedes over 2,000 years ago that giving him a long enough lever and a fulcrum, he would tilt the entire earth. As an old driller, I propose another non‐famous saying that giving me a chance to drill a coring hole, and I will create a telescope to insert the deepest earth for you. Nowadays, drilling is one of most significant methods to collect samples from the deep earth. Those samples are extremely important for geoscientists to focus on the dynamic evolution of deep earth. Therefore, drilling engineering is thought to be inseparable for the geosciences. Unfortunately, some young geologists, especially students majoring on geology, have no meanings of what the drilling is, and of the importance for their geological researches. In this case, education popularization drilling knowledge should be strengthened in future. And we hope that sufficient attention of drilling engineering will be taken by geologists in the world. Moreover, in order to obtain high‐quality cores by various coring drilling methods. Drilling techniques and special coring tools must be continuously developed to successfully perform with regard to a variety of complex geological conditions. We have developed coring tools these years as follows: Splitted core barrel Triple tube coring drill tool, Advanced tube coring tool, Vacuum suction coring tool, Shock‐type coring tool, Long core barrel coring tool, WL‐drilling system with hydro‐hammer, WL‐drilling system with mud motor. These new coring tools have played a very important role in China's scientific drilling program. All in all, without advanced drilling technology, pickup of high quality samples from the deep Earth and geological research on the dynamic evolution will be restricted. 相似文献
7.
我国地质学基础研究人才战略 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于地球系统科学对地质学基础研究人才的需求, 对我国40余所高校、8个中国科学院研究所的地质学人才存量、结构、培养状况和147名国家杰出青年科学基金获得者、407名青年基金项目负责人进行了问卷调查.调查发现全国现有4418人从事地质学基础研究工作, 年龄峰值为41~45岁, 人数随年龄降低而大幅度减少; 地质类博士毕业生占全国当年博士毕业总人数的比例从1993年的8.76%下降到2003年的4.7%.研究结果表明, 我国现有青年地质学人才数量呈急剧下降趋势, 未来5~10年地质学基础研究人才远不能适应地球系统科学发展、国民经济建设和人类社会进步的需要.为了加强地质学基础研究人才队伍建设和规划, 实现从地学大国走向地学强国的战略目标, 提出了设立“国家自然科学育才基金”、创新地质学青年拔尖人才培育模式和改善人文环境等措施. 相似文献
8.
《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(2):165-172
Most geologists would argue that geoscientific knowledge, experience, and guidance is critical for addressing many of society’s most acute environmental challenges, yet few geologists are directly engaged in current discourses around sustainable development. That is surprising given that several attributes make modern geoscience well placed to make critical contributions to contemporary sustainability thinking. Here, we argue that if geoscientists are to make our know-how relevant to sustainability science, two aspects seem clear. Firstly, the geoscience community needs to substantially broaden its constituency, not only forging interdisciplinary links with other environmental disciplines but also drawing from the human and behavioral sciences. Secondly, the principles and practices of ‘sustainability’ need to be explicitly integrated into geoscience education, training and continued professional development. 相似文献
9.
中国石油地质学的理论与实践 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
中国石油地质工作者经过长期不懈的努力，在陆相生油理论、中国含油气盆地构造分析、中、新生代陆相湖盆沉积储层研究、复式油气聚集带理论、古潜山油气藏理论、煤成烃研究及海相古生界油气藏理论方面建立了有中国特色的理论，并从中国油气勘探实践出发，建立了一套完整的理论及程序，对中国的油气勘探开发工业作出了贡献。 相似文献
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Mengist Teklay 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):805-810
In Eritrea, Earth Science Education is taught only by the Earth Sciences Department based at the College of Science, University of Asmara. Currently, the University of Asmara has eight teaching Colleges: Agriculture & Aquatic Sciences, Arts and Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Education, Engineering, Health Sciences, Law, and Science offering Bachelor degrees, Diplomas and Certificates in various fields. The Earth Sciences Department was established as a Geology Unit in 1983 and until 1996 offered minor and service geology courses for students of Science and Agriculture. The Department started a four-year degree programme in Geology (B.Sc. in Geology) at the beginning of the 1996/97 academic year. The B.Sc. programme in Geology provides students with a Geology major and a minor in Physics or Chemistry. Potential major organisations which employ the geology graduates include the Ministry of Mines and Energy, and the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment, as well as mining and petroleum companies which are currently active in mineral resources exploration in the country. 相似文献
12.
Geological research on the Mediterranean region is presently characterized by the transition from disciplinary to multidisciplinary research, as well as from national to international investigations. In order to synthesize and integrate the vast disciplinary and national datasets which are available, it is necessary to implement maximum interaction among geoscientists of different backgrounds. The creation of project-oriented task forces in universities and other research institutions, as well as the development of large international cooperation programs, is instrumental in pursuing such a multidisciplinary and supranational approach. The TRANSMED Atlas, an official publication of the 32nd International Geological Congress (Florence 2004), is the result of an international scientific cooperation program which brought together for over two years sixtythree structural geologists, geophysicists, marine geologists, petrologists, sedimentologists, stratigraphers, paleogeographers, and petroleum geologists coming from eighteen countries, and working for the petroleum industry, academia, and other institutions, both public and private. The TRANSMED Atlas provides an updated, synthetic, and coherent portrayal of the overall geological-geophysical structure of the Mediterranean domain and the surrounding areas. The initial stimulus for the Atlas came from the realization of the extremely heterogeneous nature of the existing geological-geophysical data about such domain. These data have been gathered by universities, oil companies, geological surveys and other institutions in several countries, often using different procedures and standards. In addition, much of these data are written in languages and published in outlets that are not readily accessible to the general international reader. By synthesizing and integrating a wealth of preexisting and new data derived from surficial geology, seismic sections at various scales, and mantle tomographies, the TRANSMED Atlas provides for the first time a coherent geological overview of the Mediterranean region and represents an ideal springboard for future studies. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):861-866
Zimbabwe is a mineral-rich country with a long history of Earth Science Education. The establishment of a University Geology Department in 1960 allowed the country to produce its own earth science graduates. These graduates are readily absorbed by the mining industry and few are without work. Demand for places at the University is high and entry standards reflect this. Students enter the University after GCE A levels in three science subjects and most go on to graduate. Degree programmes include B.Sc. General in Geology (plus another science), B.Sc. Honours in Geology and M.Sc. in Exploration Geology and in Geophysics. The undergraduate curriculum is broad-based and increasingly vocationally orientated. A well-equipped building caters for relatively large student numbers and also houses analytical facilities used for research and teaching. Computers are used in teaching from the first year onwards. Staff are on average poorly qualified compared to other universities, but there is an impressive research element. The Department has good links with many overseas universities and external funding agencies play a strong supporting role. That said, financial constraints remain the greatest barrier to future development, although increasing links with the mining industry may cushion this. 相似文献
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15.
北京第３０届国际地质大会盛况空前。本文围绕大会主题进行的学术交流，综述了地质工作者们在矿产资源的可供性、地球环境的保护和减灾等方面取得的巨大成就及今后艰巨的任务，表明地质科学正处于一个崭新纪元的开端。面向未来，地质工作者们还有很多工作要做 相似文献
16.
Zimbabwe is a mineral-rich country with a long history of Earth Science Education. The establishment of a University Geology Department in 1960 allowed the country to produce its own earth science graduates. These graduates are readily absorbed by the mining industry and few are without work. Demand for places at the University is high and entry standards reflect this. Students enter the University after GCE A levels in three science subjects and most go on to graduate. Degree programmes include B.Sc. General in Geology (plus another science), B.Sc. Honours in Geology and M.Sc. in Exploration Geology and in Geophysics. The undergraduate curriculum is broad-based and increasingly vocationally orientated. A well-equipped building caters for relatively large student numbers and also houses analytical facilities used for research and teaching. Computers are used in teaching from the first year onwards. Staff are on average poorly qualified compared to other universities, but there is an impressive research element. The Department has good links with many overseas universities and external funding agencies play a strong supporting role. That said, financial constraints remain the greatest barrier to future development, although increasing links with the mining industry may cushion this. 相似文献
17.
J.D. Kramers 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):911-917
University earth science departments are under threat in southern Africa, as in the rest of the world. It is argued here that a good quality and broad based Earth Science Education can be maintained in southern African universities either by networking, or by maintaining departments staffed by a local core of academics, whose teaching is supplemented by block courses conducted by staff from specialised centres also serving industry. These centres should play a vital part in graduate research and maintain research links with the core staff. Positioned between industry and universities, they could promote links between both. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. Several meso‐scale manganese ore bodies, scattered within Jone's horse‐shoe shaped synclinorium, in Bonai‐Keonjhar region of north Orissa are well known in the mineral map of India. Different grades of manganese ores are being exploited from this region by various agencies over a few decades. However, deceptive nature of ore bodies and complexity in control of mineralisation greatly confuse the exploration geologists for evaluation of these resources. In a recent study, the authors have classified Mn‐ore bodies of this region into three broad categories such as stratiform, stratabound (‐replacement) and lateritoid types based on mode of occurrence and their other chemical characteristics. Mn‐ore bands occur in close association with BIF and iron ores. Volcaniclastic shale in large geographic extension encloses these ore bodies. In the stratiform category of ore bodies (BMnF, analogous of BIF), manganese and shale bands, in variables thickness, alternate with each other and extend to a great depth. Such ore bodies generally constitute marginal to low‐grade ores, are characterised by low Mn/Fe ratio (～2) and have relatively lower abundance of trace (1500 to 2500 ppm) and relatively higher REE constituents. The stratabound‐replacement types of ore bodies are of intra‐stratal nature, occurring within tuffaceous shale. These are mostly shear‐controlled ore bodies extending along a zone of certain width. Increase in average Mn/Fe ratio (～6) and trace content (5000 to 8500 ppm) by 5 to 2.5 order of magnitude respectively or more above stratiform category are characteristic of these deposits. The lateritoid ore bodies have limited depth persistency. Such deposits are usually very low in Mn/Fe ratio (<1), trace (<2000 ppm) and REE contents. Different methods of exploration techniques are suggested for various categories of Mn‐ore bodies. In this context, the above findings would be the database for the exploration geologists to evaluate the potential of newer/existing Mn‐ore resources in this part of north Orissa. 相似文献
19.
简要评述了１９９９年的世界矿业形势。１９９９年,世界经济在渡过了漫漫长夜之后见到了一线光明。但１９９９年的世界矿业仍然有喜亦有优：镍、钢、锌、铝、锡、铂族金属矿业得到了恢复和发展,金刚石再现辉煌,而金、铅矿业仍然低迷。矿产勘查工作继续处于不景气状态,而且每况愈下,许多地质学家靠失业救济金度日。虽然如此,矿产勘查界仍有不少重大发现。 相似文献
20.
中国地质学家李四光与当时苏联地学界来往交流紧密,他对地质学的贡献得到了苏联地质学家的高度评价。1958年,苏联科学院全体大会选举李四光为苏联科学院院士,并授予卡尔宾斯基金质奖章;该奖章是1947年由当时的苏联科学院和俄罗斯科学院共同发起的、对地质科学有突出贡献的科学家最高单人奖励,李四光是第六位获奖人,也是至2017年止唯一获此殊荣的外籍地质学家,他的获奖理由是:在地质、古生物、地层和矿产研究工作的综合贡献。李四光有两部著作在苏联被译成俄文出版,分别是1952年的《中国地质学》和1958年的《中国西北部的旋卷构造》,这两部译作对当时的苏联地质界产生了很大影响,极大地推动了李四光学术思想的广泛认知;"地质无国界",中国地调百年的发展历程也有着俄罗斯地学理论、规范、方法实践的烙印,在新的"一带一路"合作倡议和李四光学术精神传承下,中俄、中国与中亚在地学领域的交流合作将不断深化,硕果累累。 相似文献