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1.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(2)
2006年1~4月在台湾海峡西岸东北部的平潭岛上空采集了大气颗粒物样品,分析样品中的多氯联苯(PCBs)、类二噁英类多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)等浓度及组成,研究了海岛大气的污染特征及其可能来源.结果表明:平潭岛大气颗粒物中PCBs的质量浓度为0.223~21.658 pg/m3,平均值为4.820 pg/m3.28个PCBs同系物单体中以PCB138和PCB189为主.颗粒物中PCBs的组成以六氯取代和七氯取代的高氯取代为主,平均约占总浓度的44.5%和32.2%.11个DL-PCBs的毒性当量范围为0.008~215.576 fg/m3,其中对毒性当量贡献较大的为PCB126、PCB123和PCB189.CPCBs-27和CDL-PCBs-11均呈现出冬季1、2月浓度相对较高,春季3、4月较低的趋势.气团后向轨迹分析表明,平潭岛地区冬春季大气颗粒物中PCBs可能来源于北方城市地区的供暖和工业排放. 相似文献
2.
为了探讨甬江口海洋倾倒区附近海域表层沉积物中多氯联苯的污染水平及生态环境影响,对2014年1月在甬江口倾倒区及附近海域采集的8个沉积物样品用气相色谱法测定PCBs残留量,并且进行环境生态风险评价。结果显示:甬江口海洋倾倒区表层沉积物中PCBs含量为1.310~6.538 μg·kg-1,平均值为3.413 μg·kg-1,其分布表现为西北和东南向PCBs含量高于倾倒区;10种指示性PCBs中,主要以低氯代的PCB28、PCB118和PCB155为主,其中PCB118和PCB155在表层沉积物中的含量相对较高,其含量在各采样站位中占PCBs总量的26.1%~93.1%。甬江口海洋倾倒区沉积物中PCBs污染水平低于长江口、闽江口及珠江口,高于鸭绿江口、辽河口及黄河口。采用潜在生态危害指数法、加拿大环境质量标准ISQG法、生态风险值(EPA)法及毒性当量因子法进行评价,结果基本一致:甬江口海洋倾倒区属于较低生态风险,一般不会引起生物的负效应。 相似文献
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4.
北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内的重金属含量测定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用原子吸收分光光度计对北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚(Stenella attenuata)的肌肉、肝脏、胃、心脏、胆囊、胰脏、肾脏、肺脏和肠管道等器官组织样品中的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的含量进行测定,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn的平均含量分别为0.04～67.35、2.68～24.24、32.26～118.54、1.01～4.17、0.30～1.52、ND～1.25、162.11～1190.63和0.88～12.84μg/g(干重).热带点斑原海豚体内重金属含量高低的基本趋势是Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Mn＞Cd＞Cr＞Ni.肝、肾脏等内脏器官中的重金属含量远高于肌肉组织中的含量;多数器官组织中没有测出Ni的存在.与北部湾海域、渤海湾海域的中华白海豚和江豚比较,北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的重金属含量偏高,表明不同种类的海豚对重金属的富集能力存在一定的差异. 相似文献
5.
采用气相色谱法定量测定了桑沟湾海域2009年4月-2009年12月的经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留量。结果显示：该海域贝类中 HCHs 为 N.D.~2.04×10-9,均值为0.30×10-9; DDTs 为(0.13~3.36)×10-9,均值为0.97×10-9;PCBs为(0.01~3.20)×10-9,均值为0.59×10-9,有机氯物质含量均低于相关国家标准值,符合食用安全要求。经济贝类中的有机氯农药的组分特征为HCHs中b-HCH占优势, DDTs中p, p′-DDT占相对优势; PCBs中多为5~7个氯原子。与北海等6个海域相比,桑沟湾海域经济贝类有机氯污染物中, HCHs、DDTs和PCBs的残留量都处于中等水平。 相似文献
6.
翡翠贻贝对多氯联苯吸收不同途径的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
定量分析和比较翡翠贻贝Perna viridis对多氯联苯(PCBs)吸收的4种不同途径。结果表明，翡翠贻贝通过食物途径富集PCBs比从海水吸收的途径具更高效率；而通过底泥或悬浮颗粒积累PCBs的途径较为次要。翡翠贻贝对5—7个氯原子数的PCBs异构体富集率高，分别占PCBs总量的53．25％-77．41％。结果还表明，贻贝经沉积物途径和经滤食悬浮颗粒途径比经水途径和食物途径对含2—4个氯原子数和8—10个氯原子数的PCBs异构体富集率较高。 相似文献
7.
研究了广州市场7种食用鱼体中多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)和滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane,DDTs)的残留水平、组成特征及其人体饮食暴露风险。结果表明,PCBs和DDTs在广州食用鱼体中普遍检出,其浓度范围分别为71~1488和695~38044pg·g-1(湿重)。鱼体中PCBs和DDTs浓度均与脂肪含量存在极显著的正相关关系,表明高的脂肪含量有利于鱼体中PCBs和DDTs的富集。不同食性鱼体间PCBs和DDTs含量存在显著差异(p0.001)。鱼体中PCBs主要单体为PCB 28和PCB 153,DDTs的主要成分为2,2-双(p-氯苯基)-1,1-二氯乙烯(p,p′-DDE)和2,2-双(p-氯苯基)-1,1-二氯乙烷(p,p′-DDD)。81.3%的鱼样中(DDE+DDD)/∑DDTs比值大于0.5,表明鱼体内DDTs主要是由历史残留所致。居民摄食广州市场鱼类对PCBs和DDTs的每日暴露量分别为1.93~71.9和23.0~1875.6ng·d-1。 相似文献
8.
浙江沿岸海域经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留分布与污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2006年6月和2007年6月采集于浙江沿岸海域12个站位的5种经济贝类样品,采用气相色谱(GC)方法,进行了有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量的检测,分析了不同种类贝类中HCHs、DDTs和PCBs异构体组分特征,探讨了浙江沿岸海域HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留分布状况、年际变化趋势和DDTs的来源,并与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海海域进行了污染物残留量的比较。结果表明:(1)调查区各海域贝类中的HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留量(湿质量)分别为:(ND~7.86)×10-9,(0.72~281.73)×10-9,(ND~97.95)×10-9;残留量(湿质量)平均值分别为:1.50×10-9,33.65×10-9,19.56×10-9。调查区各海域所有贝类中的HCHs残留量,均符合国家一类生物质量标准,DDTs残留量仅在四角蛤蜊中符合国家一类生物质量标准,在其余4种贝类中仅符合国家二类生物质量标准。DDTs残留量平均值明显高于HCHs和PCBs,因此可以将DDTs视为调查区各海域典型的有机氯污染物。(2)在HCHs和DDTs组分中,分别以-αHCH和P,P-′DDT占优势;在PCBs中,以含4~7个氯原子的PCB占主要优势,调查区部分海域有新的HCHs和DDTs污染源。(3)自2006年6月至2007年6月,HCHs和PCBs残留量总体呈下降趋势,而DDTs残留量则呈上升趋势,不同海域的有机氯残留量有较明显差异。DDTs的污染源与农业生产中三氯杀螨醇的使用有关。(4)与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海地区相比,浙江沿岸海域经济贝类有机氯污染物中,HCHs残留量仍处于较低水平,DDTs残留量处于中等水平,PCBs残留量则处于较高水平。 相似文献
9.
2011年5月采集莱州湾及东营近岸海域鱼、贝、甲壳(蟹、虾)、头足四类235个生物体样品, 用气相色谱法测定其中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)及多氯联苯(PCBs)含量, 对其残留水平、分布、组成特征及污染源进行分析, 对污染现状及人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明, 研究海域生物体中HCHs含量(湿重) N.D.—5.73?g/kg; DDTs含量(湿重) 0.122—304?g/kg; PCBs含量(湿重) N.D.—6.51?g/kg。根据各同分异构体百分比组成分析, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域近期无新的大面积HCHs、DDTs污染输入。与同类研究相比, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域生物体PCBs含量处于较低水平, 而HCHs和DDTs含量处于中间水平。通过污染指数分析得出: 所有生物体HCHs、PCBs均未受到污染; 55%生物体DDTs受到不同程度污染。研究海域生物体HCHs、DDTs、PCBs含量低于各国食品安全限量; 以美国环保局推荐方法评价本海域生物体HCHs、PCBs食用致癌风险为可接受风险, 但是DDTs含量存在一定的致癌风险。 相似文献
10.
南海北部陆架区3种鱼类多氯联苯含量分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨南海北部陆架区海洋动物中多氯联苯(PCBs)污染状况,用气相色谱仪-电子捕获检测器测定了1998—2000年在该海域采集的3种金线鱼体内的PCBs。结果表明,在鱼体背部肌肉中PCBs含量(鲜重平均值)深水金线鱼Nemipterus bathybius中较高(6.21ng.g-1),在金线鱼N.virgatus中次之(5.26ng.g-1),在日本金线鱼N.japonicus中较低(4.83ng.g-1)。在台湾浅滩金线鱼PCBs含量(6.05ng.g-1)略高于广东海域(5.61ng.g-1),在远岸海域(5.80ng.g-1)高于近岸海域(4.48ng.g-1)。PCBs含量在深水金线鱼几种组织内的分布与脂肪含量呈正相关,表现为肝(11.9ng.g-1)>腹肌(9.05ng.g-1)>皮(4.79ng.g-1)≈背肌(4.31ng.g-1)>肠(3.53ng.g-1)≈鳃丝(3.45ng.g-1)。3种鱼体内PCBs含量(鲜重)在1.25—16.4ng.g-1范围内,远低于国内外水产品安全限量。 相似文献
11.
Organochlorine concentrations were measured in white-sided dolphins, pilot whales, and their prey from the Gulf of Maine and used to identify species, tissue, and gender differences, and trophic transfer trends, in bioaccumulation. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations ([PCB]) in dolphin blubber (13 +/- 7.1 micrograms/g fresh wt.) were twice those in pilot whales, but pesticide concentrations (20 +/- 13 micrograms/g fresh) were similar between species. 4,4'-DDE, trans-non-achlor, Cl6(153) and Cl6(138) concentrations were highest. Skin tissues had more recalcitrant organochlorines than the internal organs. Male dolphins bioaccumulated higher concentrations of nonmetabolizable PCBs and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, whereas pilot whales had no gender-related differences in bioaccumulation. Pilot whales, mackerel, and herring had proportionately higher concentrations of DDTs, whereas [PCB] were higher in dolphins and squid. Although these odontocetes feed at the same trophic level and store a similar suite of contaminants, dolphins bioaccumulated higher and potentially hazardous 4,4'-DDE and PCB concentrations from food in their more geographically restricted range. 相似文献
12.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, there being a total of 209 theoretical congeners. Residue analysis of the adipose tissue of five species of fish-eating sea birds from British and Irish coastal waters revealed the presence of up to 60 different congeners. By GC-MS, GC-MSD and high resolution capillary GC-ECD using authentic standards, it was possible to identify and quantify 40 different congeners. Despite the large number of PCB congeners identified only 10 accounted for > 80% of the total PCBs. A PCB congener was identified accounting for 5% of the total PCBs (2,3′,4,4′,5′,6-hexachlorobiphenyl) [168] not usually reported in biological samples. Comparison of the molecular structure for the persistent PCB congeners revealed the lack of meta-para unsubstituted adjacent carbon atoms. It has been shown that meta-para unsubstituted adjacent carbon atoms facilitate the metabolism of PCBs and it is hypothesised that the formation of hydroxy derivatives may depend upon such a requirement. 相似文献
13.
JIANG Jinhua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(6):111-117
The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns (Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce, Laomedia astacina de Haan and Penaeus vannamei Boone) and one mud crab (Scylla serrata Forsskal) from mixed-aquaculture ponds in Taizhou in April 2007. The average concentrations (wet mass) of Σ PCBs in muscle, head, and rind tissues for mean among these prawn species were 7.04, 21.16, and 11.47 ng/g, respectively. The average concentrations of Σ PCBs in muscle, branchia, and spawn in Scylla serrata were 6.49, 21.13, and 19.76 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of CB28 were the highest in prawn tissues (2.40 ng/g), and accounted for 18.60% of Σ PCBs. The concentration of CB52 was the lowest. The application of principal component analysis (PCA) for the estimation of PCB sources of contamination resulted in first component main contributions of CB101, CB153 and CB28 in the muscle, head, and rind in combined prawn samples, respectively. The enrichment level of Σ PCBs for different tissues varied greatly. The accumulation coefficient of Σ PCBs in prawn muscle, head, and rind tissues were 396.35, 1 191.79, and 645.91, respectively. For the Scylla serrata, the accumulation coefficients were 365.81, 1 190.50, and 1 113.31 for muscle, branchia, and spawn tissues, respectively. For prawns, the accumulation coefficient of CB153 was the highest in muscle tissues, while CB155 had the highest coefficients in the head and rind tissues. The CB155 coefficient was the highest in spawn tissues of the mud crab. 相似文献
14.
Fossi MC Marsili L Lauriano G Fortuna C Canese S Ancora S Leonzio C Romeo T Merino R Abad E Jiménez B 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):269-274
Various studies have revealed high concentrations of contaminants such as organochlorines (OCs) and heavy metals in Mediterranean cetaceans. A geographical trend of contamination (PCBs and DDTs) has been found for striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). In this study we used a non-lethal approach (skin biopsy) to investigate bioaccumulation of OCs, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), trace elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) and CYP1A activity (BPMO) in nine striped dolphins sampled in the Aeolian area (Sicily - Italy) in summer 2002. The arithmetic mean value of BPMO activity in this group was 43.46 AUF/g tissue/h. This value is approximately 3 times and 5 times lower, respectively, than the value found in the Ionian and in the Ligurian groups. Skin biopsies of striped dolphins emerged as a suitable material for assessing the toxicological status of the various Mediterranean groups. 相似文献
15.
Reproductively active oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (1:1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) for either 15 or 30 days, and accumulation of PCBs in different organ tissues and eggs assessed. The effects of PCB exposure on lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. PCBs were accumulated by the oysters and transferred to the eggs. PCB accumulation in oysters was dose, time and tissue dependent. Mean PCB contents were 3150, 1970, and 250 ng/g dry wt., respectively, in the visceral mass, gills + mantle and muscle of oysters fed algal paste containing 1.0 microgram PCBs for 30 days. The PCBs in the eggs from the same oysters reached 671 ng PCBs/g dry wt. Feeding oysters with PCB-sorbed algal paste for 30 days significantly increased phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in gills + mantle tissue compared to the same tissues in the undosed control. 相似文献
16.
PCB uptake and accumulation by oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed via a contaminated algal diet
F. -L. E. Chu P. Soudant L. A. Cruz-Rodríguez R. C. Hale 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5)
Reproductively active oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, and 1.0 μg polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (1:1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) for either 15 or 30 days, and accumulation of PCBs in different organ tissues and eggs assessed. The effects of PCB exposure on lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. PCBs were accumulated by the oysters and transferred to the eggs. PCB accumulation in oysters was dose, time and tissue dependent. Mean PCB contents were 3150, 1970, and 250 ng/g dry wt., respectively, in the visceral mass, gills+mantle and muscle of oysters fed algal paste containing 1.0 μg PCBs for 30 days. The PCBs in the eggs from the same oysters reached 671 ng PCBs/g dry wt. Feeding oysters with PCB-sorbed algal paste for 30 days significantly increased phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in gills+mantle tissues compared to the same tissues in the undosed control. 相似文献
17.
R J Pruell B K Taplin D G McGovern R McKinney S B Norton 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(1):19-36
A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the transfer of organic contaminants from an environmentally contaminated marine sediment through a simple marine food chain. The infaunal polychaete, Nereis virens, was exposed to contaminated sediment collected from the Passaic River, NJ, USA, for 70 days. These polychaetes were then fed to the American lobster, Homarus americanus, for up to 112 days. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene (TCDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and several chlorinated pesticides were accumulated by polychaetes following exposure to the contaminated sediment. Some of these contaminants were also accumulated by lobsters which were exposed to the contaminated sediment and/or fed contaminated polychaetes. Only the lesser chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs (mostly tetra- and pentachlorinated congeners) and 2,4,6,8-TCDT were detected in the polychaetes and lobster. Significant alterations were noted in the PCB patterns found in both species, particularly the lobster. The non-ortho-substituted PCBs (such as congeners 77 and 126) became enriched in the PCB mixtures of the polychaetes and especially the lobsters relative to the sediment, probably because these congeners were not metabolized. These congeners and the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalents of the PCB mixtures were enriched by a factor of about six in the lobsters relative to the sediment. Elimination of PCB congeners containing vicinal hydrogens in the meta-para region is consistent with cytochrome P450IIB-type metabolism. Based on the concentration trends for some PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticide ratios measured in the lobsters during this experiment, it appears that this metabolic system is inducible in the American lobster. 相似文献
18.
M. Cristina Fossi Letizia Marsili Giancarlo Lauriano Caterina Fortuna Simone Canese Stefania Ancora Claudio Leonzio Teresa Romeo Ruben Merino Esteban Abad Begoa Jimnez 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):269
Various studies have revealed high concentrations of contaminants such as organochlorines (OCs) and heavy metals in Mediterranean cetaceans. A geographical trend of contamination (PCBs and DDTs) has been found for striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). In this study we used a non-lethal approach (skin biopsy) to investigate bioaccumulation of OCs, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), trace elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) and CYP1A activity (BPMO) in nine striped dolphins sampled in the Aeolian area (Sicily – Italy) in summer 2002. The arithmetic mean value of BPMO activity in this group was 43.46 AUF/g tissue/h. This value is approximately 3 times and 5 times lower, respectively, than the value found in the Ionian and in the Ligurian groups. Skin biopsies of striped dolphins emerged as a suitable material for assessing the toxicological status of the various Mediterranean groups. 相似文献
19.
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were measured in atmospheric samples collected from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean between July and September 2012 to study the atmospheric concentration characteristics of PCBs and their gas/particle partitioning. The mean concentration of 26 ∑PCBs(vapor plus particulate phase)(∑PCBs) was 19.116 pg/m3 with a standard deviation of 13.833 pg/m3. Three most abundant congeners were CB-28,-52 and-77, accounting for 43.0% to ∑PCBs. The predominance of vapor PCBs(79.0% to ∑PCBs) in the atmosphere was observed. PCBs were negative correlated with the latitudes and inverse of the absolute temperature(1/T). The significant correlation for most congeners was also observed between the logarithm of gas/particle partition coefficient(log KP) and 1/T. Shallower slopes(from-0.15 to-0.46, average-0.27) were measured from the regression of the logarithm of sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures(logpo L) and log KP for all samples. The difference of the slopes and intercepts among samples was insignificant(p0.1), implying adsorption and/or absorption processes and the aerosol composition did not differ significantly among different samples. By comparing three models, the J-P adsorption model, the octanol/air partition coefficient(KOA) based model and the soot-air model, the gas/particle partitioning of PCBs in the Arctic atmosphere was simulated more precisely by the soot-air model, and the adsorption onto elemental carbon is more sensitive than the absorption into organic matters of aerosols, especially for lowchlorinated PCB congeners. 相似文献
20.
R.J. Norstrom D.C.G. Muir C.A. Ford M. Simon C.R. Macdonald P. Bland 《Marine environmental research》1992,34(1-4)
Selective accumulation of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCB congeners was investigated in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas), narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and several species at the same trophic level in two areas of Canada. There was a much higher relative abundance of meta-para-unsubstituted PCBs in the cetaceans compared with other species. This suggests that activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes causing CYP2B-type metabolism was relatively low in beluga and narwhal. Lower relative levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD occurred in beluga from both areas, and selective reduction of toxic non-ortho PCBs occurred in the highly PCB-contaminated St Lawrence beluga. These compounds are potent inducers of cytochrome P450 CYP 1A-type enzymes, suggesting that such an enzyme with the capability of metabolizing TCDD-like substrates is present in beluga and narwhal. SIMCA principal components analysis of PCB congener patterns showed that the two cetaceans were in a statistically significant different class than the other species. Variables (congeners) with the greatest separation power between classes were mainly those defined by the selective metabolism rules. 相似文献