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1.
Studies of invertebrates from steppe patches in the tundra and taiga zones of Beringia provide additional evidence that these areas could be relict steppes. A number of insect species common to both modern relict steppes and fossil Beringian insect faunal assemblages have been found. These provide important information on the moisture and temperature preferences of some of the surviving members of Pleistocene steppe-tundra insect communities. The most significant species of West Beringian insects are weevils in the genus Stephanocleonus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), indicators of thermophytic steppe, and the pill beetle Morychus viridis (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae), the indicator of hemicryophytic steppe. The East Beringian invertebrate population of relict steppe is substantially different. Fossil evidence suggests that biotic exchange between the two parts of Beringia was limited during the Pleistocene; populations of steppe insects did not move across the Bering Land Bridge (BLB), while tundra species had more flexibility. The tundra environment reconstructed for the Pleistocene BLB should have facilitated amphi-beringian distributions for most tundra invertebrate species, but apparently only a few species achieved this. 相似文献
2.
Derek G. Turner Brent C. Ward Duane G. Froese Michel Lamothe Jeffrey D. Bond Nancy H. Bigelow 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(3):521-536
At least five Middle to Late Pleistocene advances of the northern Cordilleran Ice Sheet are preserved at Silver Creek, on the northeastern edge of the St Elias Mountains in southwest Yukon, Canada. Silver Creek is located 100 km up‐ice of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 McConnell glacial limit of the St Elias lobe. This site contains ~3 km of nearly continuous lateral exposure of glacial and non‐glacial sediments, including multiple tills separated by thick gravel, loess and tilted lake beds. Infrared‐stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and AMS radiocarbon dating constrain the glacial deposits to MIS 2, 4, either MIS 6 or mid‐MIS 7, and two older Middle Pleistocene advances. This chronology and the tilt of the lake beds suggest Pleistocene uplift rates of up to 1.9 mm a?1 along the Denali Fault since MIS 7. The non‐glacial sediment consists of sand, gravel, loess and organic beds from MIS 7, MIS 3 and the early Holocene. The MIS 3 deposits date to between 30–36 14C ka BP, making Silver Creek one of the few well‐constrained MIS 3‐aged sites in Yukon. This confirms that ice receded close to modern limits in MIS 3. Pollen and macrofossil analyses show that a meadow‐tundra to steppe‐tundra mosaic with abundant herbs and forbs and few shrubs or trees, dominated the environment at this time. The stratigraphy at Silver Creek provides a palaeoclimatic record since at least MIS 8 and comprises the oldest direct record of Pleistocene glaciation in southwest Yukon. 相似文献
3.
Dr. L. Kordos 《GeoJournal》1987,15(2):163-166
Having revised some reference vertebrate faunas from Hungary and from Central Europe their biostratigraphic positions could be determined more accurately. By extending the vole thermometer method to the continental parts of Central Europe fairly well identifiable average July temperature curves could be obtained for the Upper Pleistocene. The main events shown by the climatic curve for Hungary can be well correlated with the soil and loess complexes of the Paks loess profile, and also with the global climatostratigraphic scale. 相似文献
4.
5.
OLIVIER MOINE DENIS-DIDIER ROUSSEAU PIERRE ANTOINE 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(3):363-380
Two malacological sequences sampled in loess sections P1 and P3 of Nussloch (Rhine Valley, Germany) provide the most complete and precise molluscan record of western Europe for the Weichselian Lower and Middle Pleniglacial from about 70 to 34 cal. kyr BP. Qualitative and statistical analyses were performed on 134 mollusc samples. In the most complete Lower Pleniglacial record (P1), malacofauna changes reflect three short phases of vegetation development and climatic improvement related to soils and probably interstadials. A steppe to herb/shrub tundra shift characterizes the Lower-Middle Pleniglacial transition and is followed in both malacological records by the same general environmental trend (decline in vegetation and humidity increase) ending with a new increase in temperature and vegetation cover at the top of P3. In the Middle Pleniglacial, the impact of each shorter climatic change on the malacofauna is less recognizable due to a higher sediment compaction and also to being differently recorded in both sequences as the local topography affects soil water resources, soil and vegetation development and malacofauna adaptation. A comparison shows that the western European biostratigraphical framework can thus be improved by coupling molluscan records from loess sections to pollen sequences. 相似文献
6.
土壤是气候变化的长期记录者 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
气候是土壤形成的要素之一。反过来,从土壤及其风化壳可论证气候变迁。中国南方的红色风化壳是第四纪形成物。其上均质红色风化壳及红壤是晚更新世形成物,延续至今,而澳大利亚、非洲大陆红色风化壳是在第三纪的古陆上形成的,但现代土壤不少是气候变干旱后形成的。北欧、北美是12000a B.P.才从冰川下裸露成陆,形成了灰化土、泥炭土等。黄土层、火山灰下埋藏了多层古土壤,记录了第四纪气候的变迁。 相似文献
7.
Denis-Didier Rousseau Natalia Gerasimenko Zhanna Matviischina George Kukla 《Quaternary Research》2001,56(3):349
The Vyazivok loess sequence from the Dnieper Plain, Ukraine, documents regional environmental changes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Pedological and palynological analyses and low-field magnetic susceptibility document changes from dense temperate forest during the last interglacial maximum to open, harsh, loess–steppe during the latest Pleistocene. The Vyazivok section overlies hillwash derived from a lower Pleistocene terrace and consists of two stratified soil complexes (Kaydaky and Pryluky; marine isotope stage [MIS] 5 equivalent) separated by a layer of eolian dust (Tyasmyn silt). The lower soils in both complexes formed within forest. These soils are overlain by the Uday (MIS4) and Bug (MIS2) loess units, which are separated by boreal soils of the Vytachiv (MIS3) complex. The coldest conditions within the record occurred in the youngest loess. Holocene soils cap the Bug loess. The Vyazivok section shows remarkable similarities with other classical loess sequences in western Europe, the Czech Republic, and Austria. The Kaydaky, Pryluky, and Vytachiv deposits, correlate with the PKIII, PKII, and PKI soil complexes, respectively, of the Czech Republic. The Tyasmyn and Prylyky silt layers correspond to marker horizons from central Europe. 相似文献
8.
Ella M. Zelikson 《GeoJournal》1995,36(2-3):223-228
Basic climatic indexes for loess deposits may be determined by the floristic method of palaeoclimatic reconstruction. Spectra of loess pollen are selective, thus may or may not reflect adequately the original composition of the vegetation. Presence of a steppe may be unambiguously stated based on pollen of taxa characteristic for a steppe cenose or of taxa zonally restricted to steppes. Family ranked taxa may often not be regarded as indicating a steppe, because inferior taxa included may be of different cenotic requirements. In order to determine the vegetation and other conditions during the deposition of loess it is important to take into consideration the palaeofloristic data as well. 相似文献
9.
PIERRE ANTOINE DENIS-DIDIER ROUSSEAU JEAN-PIERRE LAUTRIDOU CHRISTINE HATTé 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1999,28(4):551-563
The loess series at St. Pierre-les-Elbeuf and St. Sauflieu are key successions for the western European Quaternary stratigraphy. The present study proposes a detailed record of the last interglacial-glacial climatic cycle at St. Pierre and its integration into the synthetic pedosedimentary record of north-western France using detailed correlations with the type sections of St. Sauflieu and Achenheim. Finally, comparisons with the marine isotope, Greenland GRIP chronologies and dust records are proposed. At St. Pierre, the pedostratigraphic and sedimentological analyses (total iron, organic matter, carbonate, grain size), in association with low field magnetic susceptibility measurements, demonstrate that this loess succession records the major climatic events of the Upper Pleistocene. The basal soil complex at St. Pierre is similar to those from the main successions of North (St. Sauflieu) or Northeast France (Achenheim). It shows a Bt horizon of brown leached soil, a deeply reworked grey forest soil and two isohumic steppe soils separated by a non-calcareous loess layer. This loess level corresponds to the first aeolian event clearly observed in the succession and can be correlated with Marker II of the Central European stratigraphy located around the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5/4 boundary. The main aeolian sedimentation starts after the soil complex and ends with the top soil (brown leached soil). Finally, a good parallel is observed between the strongest peaks of the dust records of the ice cores and the main period of loess deposition in St Pierre-lès-Elbeuf occurring during MIS 2. 相似文献
10.
The Dry Creek archeologic site contains a stratified record of late Pleistocene human occupation in central Alaska. Four archeologic components occur within a sequence of multiple loess and sand layers which together form a 2-m cap above weathered glacial outwash. The two oldest components appear to be of late Pleistocene age and occur with the bones of extinct game animals. Geologic mapping, stratigraphic correlations, radiocarbon dating, and sediment analyses indicate that the basal loess units formed part of a widespread blanket that was associated with an arctic steppe environment and with stream aggradation during waning phases of the last major glaciation of the Alaska Range. These basal loess beds contain artifacts for which radiocarbon dates and typologic correlations suggest a time range of perhaps 12,000–9000 yr ago. A long subsequent episode of cultural sterility was associated with waning loess deposition and development of a cryoturbated tundra soil above shallow permafrost. Sand deposition from local source areas predominated during the middle and late Holocene, and buried Subarctic Brown Soils indicate that a forest fringe developed on bluff-edge sand sheets along Dry Creek. The youngest archeologic component, which is associated with the deepest forest soil, indicates intermittent human occupation of the site between about 4700 and 3400 14C yr BP. 相似文献
11.
24 species and 110 506 specimens of mollusks were collected and identified from 250 samples of the loess profile at Madaras, South Hungary. According to changes in the mollusk fauna, six malacological-paleoecological zones can be identified in this profile. The Quaternary malacological data from the Madaras loess section suggest that the Middle and Late Pleniglacial development of the mollusk fauna, and local climatic and environmental conditions in this area differed from other loess regions in Europe. 相似文献
12.
Márton Pécsi 《GeoJournal》1995,36(2-3):117-131
In the process of loessification, the development of loess fabric, the role of zonal, regional and partly of local environmental factors is regarded decisive. In the loess sequences various genetic types of loess pockets and paleosols occur and reflect different climatic and paleogeographical conditions.As a consequence, even within a single profile the colour, grain size and mineral composition, CaCO3 content, degree of weathering and fabric of loess may vary. Zonal, regional or even local variations in such loess properties may equally derive from syngenetic or postgenetic processes. For similar reasons, spatially and temporally different forms, types and subtypes of paleosol also developed.This way, loess and soil formation resulted in various spatial types in the same glacial, interstadial or interglacial phase in the various geographical zones and regions. Although there exist major loess regions where the interglacial soils (eg brown forest soils) are markedly distinct from interstadial steppe soils or from other types of humic soils, continental loess areas can also be observed where the paleosols developed under interglacial and interstadial conditions (eg steppe or forest steppe soils) cannot be referred into different genetic types. In such cases the changes in paleoenvironments are difficult and uncertain to reconstruct.The interregional correlation of paleosols is occasionally hindered by the various terminologies applied to denote them. In addition, there are uncertainties concerning the dating and identification of paleoenvironments of polygenetic soils and of soil complexes consisting of paleosol units: how many soil formation phases they represent and how long erosional gaps can be reckoned with between these phases. 相似文献
13.
Milan Chytrý Michal Horsk Ji&#x;í Danihelka Nikolai Ermakov Dmitry A. German Michal Hjek Petra Hjkov Martin Ko
í Svatava Kube&#x;ov Pavel Lustyk Jeffrey C. Nekola V ra Pavelkov &#x;i
nkov Zdenka Preislerov Philipp Resl Milan Valachovi
《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(1):36-56
Steppe‐tundra is considered to have been a dominant ecosystem across northern Eurasia during the Last Glacial Maximum. As the fossil record is insufficient for understanding the ecology of this vanished ecosystem, modern analogues have been sought, especially in Beringia. However, Beringian ecosystems are probably not the best analogues for more southern variants of the full‐glacial steppe‐tundra because they lack many plant and animal species of temperate steppes found in the full‐glacial fossil record from various areas of Europe and Siberia. We present new data on flora, land snails and mammals and characterize the ecology of a close modern analogue of the full‐glacial steppe‐tundra ecosystem in the southeastern Russian Altai Mountains, southern Siberia. The Altaian steppe‐tundra is a landscape mosaic of different habitat types including steppe, mesic and wet grasslands, shrubby tundra, riparian scrub, and patches of open woodland at moister sites. Habitat distribution, species diversity, primary productivity and nutrient content in plant biomass reflect precipitation patterns across a broader area and the topography‐dependent distribution of soil moisture across smaller landscape sections. Plant and snail species considered as glacial relicts occur in most habitats of the Altaian steppe‐tundra, but snails avoid the driest types of steppe. A diverse community of mammals, including many species typical of the full‐glacial ecosystems, also occurs there. Insights from the Altaian steppe‐tundra suggest that the full‐glacial steppe‐tundra was a heterogeneous mosaic of different habitats depending on landscape‐scale moisture gradients. Primary productivity of this habitat mosaic combined with shallow snow cover that facilitated winter grazing was sufficient to sustain rich communities of large herbivores. 相似文献
14.
New field investigations of the Achenheim sequence (Alsace, France) allow for the characterization of variations in the low-field magnetic susceptibility over most of the last climatic cycle, i.e., the past 130,000 yr. New stratigraphic data and thermoluminescence measurements permit reassessment of the previous chronological interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene at Achenheim. A high-resolution analysis of magnetic susceptibility discloses the occurrence of a fine-grained “marker” horizon which was also found recently in another section. This horizon is interpreted as a small-scale dust layer deposited prior to the main interval of loess deposition. The horizon, deposited at the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5/4 boundary, has been found in other loess sequences and is especially prevalent in central Europe. It is characterized by low susceptibility values and a grayish color. New thermoluminescence dates indicate that the loess deposition took place after the MIS 5/4 boundary, i.e., after 70,000 yr. These results are consistent with the Greenland GRIP ice-core dust record which also demonstrates a dusty atmosphere after 72,000 yr ago. On a more regional scale, the Achenheim loess sequence demonstrates a reliable correlation between the western side of the Eurasian loess belt and the dust record of the Greenland ice cores. 相似文献
15.
阜平大沙河段位于太行山中北部地区,黄土类型与西部黄土高原一致,是黄土高原向东延伸的一部分。构成黄土高原的东部边缘,该区黄土复杂多样,厚度变化较大,成点状或片状分布。阜平沙河沿岸阶地之上、山麓背风地带、断裂带出露区发育有厚度不一的黄土层堆积。阜平沙河黄土物质来源复杂、既有西北风搬运来的物质,又有近地表生成的颗粒,堆积期间又经过明显的流水作用的干扰。大沙河黄土、古土壤的堆积、发育与更新世气候变化关系密切,同时又受到本区地貌和构造的影响。 相似文献
16.
Slobodan B. Marković Mark P. Bokhorst Jef Vandenberghe William D. McCoy Eric A. Oches Urlich Hambach Tivadar Gaudenyi Mladjen Jovanović Ludwig Zöller Thomas Stevens Björn Machalett 《第四纪科学杂志》2008,23(1):73-84
Late Pleistocene loess‐palaeosol sequences are widespread in the Vojvodina region, with thicknesses reaching a maximum of about 20 m. Our investigations include more than 40 of these loess sections. Geochronology of the last glacial loess‐palaeosol sequences, based on luminescence dating and amino acid racemisation, provides correlations between Upper Pleistocene loess‐palaeosol sediments in Vojvodina and comparable deposits at other European localities. Sedimentary logs of magnetic susceptibility, grain‐size measurements and carbonate content, combined with malacological evidence, indicate two main relatively cold and arid phases during the last glacial period, related to intensive accumulation of loess units L1L1 and L1L2, as well as many brief episodes of dry and windy climatic conditions, suggesting a possible relationship with cold events recorded in the North Atlantic region. Generally, late Pleistocene climate in the region was dry and relatively warm, compared with glacial period sites in central Europe, and was characterised by sharp differences between glacial and interglacial modes. New data and interpretations presented in this study emphasise the significance of loess‐palaeosol sequences in Vojvodina for the reconstruction of the temporal and spatial evolution of late Pleistocene palaeoclimate in this part of Europe. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(18-19):1835-1857
Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequences provide excellent high-resolution terrestrial archives of climate forcing. Due to improvements in numerical age determinations, especially in luminescence dating methods, a more reliable time-based reconstruction of the past climate and environmental change has become available for the loess record in Europe. Chronological information was collected from 43 sites along a northwest to southeast transect in Europe. Thirty-three of these sites had sufficient age information to allow estimation of mass accumulation rates, and it was possible to isolate the mass accumulation rates of primary loess during the Last Glacial Period (∼28–13 ka BP) at 21 of these locations. These sites fall along a coarse climatic gradient from the relatively coastal climate of Belgium and France to the drier, more continental climate of Central Europe. Interpreting mass accumulation rates of loess in terms of this climatic gradient is not straightforward as these deposits are dominated by sources in floodplains and large river systems. Thus accumulation rates are influenced strongly by regional wind and precipitation patterns, but mostly by the availability of glacially derived material from the Alps and the periglacial terrains that characterized European fluvial systems during and immediately following glaciation. 相似文献
18.
目前国际上对全新世与上次间冰期的气候差异还存在着较大的争议。对西欧阿晴里姆黄土中全新世和上次间冰期古土壤（埃姆古土壤）,中国黄土中S0及S1的对比研究表明,埃姆古土壤和S1是典型的复合土壤,记载了相同的沉积-成壤事件序列,并与深海氧同位素记录有很好的一致性。第一成壤期与氧同位素阶段5e相对应,代表了典型的间冰期气候。西欧在该时期形成的土壤与全新世土壤的成壤过程基本相同,二者反映了类似的气候条件;而中国黄土中S0和S1则具很大差异,这表明我国北方最后两次间冰期的气候条件显著不同。青藏高原在中更新世末期以来的隆升对季风环流的影响是值得注意的原因之一。 相似文献
19.
大沙河沿岸阶地、山麓地带广泛发育厚度不一的黄土层堆积，笔者对张夏黄土剖面研究后认为，张夏黄土物质来源复杂，既有西风漂流、西北气流、莱州湾气流搬运来的物质，又有近地生成的颗粒，堆积期间又经过明显的水流作用。张夏黄土、古土壤的堆积、发育与晚更新世气候变化相吻合，同时又受到当地微地貌的影响，缺失黑垆土和全新世堆积。张夏、淄博均在山东省中部，其黄土成分较细，使山东黄土在宏观上没有规律可循，更加显示出黄土的复杂多样。 相似文献
20.
Daniel R Muhs Thomas A AgerJosh Been J.Platt BradburyWalter E Dean 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):110-122
Recent stratigraphic studies in central Alaska have yielded the unexpected finding that there is little evidence for full-glacial (late Wisconsin) loess deposition. Because the loess record of western Alaska is poorly exposed and not well known, we analyzed a core from Zagoskin Lake, a maar lake on St. Michael Island, to determine if a full-glacial eolian record could be found in that region. Particle size and geochemical data indicate that the mineral fraction of the lake sediments is not derived from the local basalt and is probably eolian. Silt deposition took place from at least the latter part of the mid-Wisconsin interstadial period through the Holocene, based on radiocarbon dating. Based on the locations of likely loess sources, eolian silt in western Alaska was probably deflated by northeasterly winds from glaciofluvial sediments. If last-glacial winds that deposited loess were indeed from the northeast, this reconstruction is in conflict with a model-derived reconstruction of paleowinds in Alaska. Mass accumulation rates in Zagoskin Lake were higher during the Pleistocene than during the Holocene. In addition, more eolian sediment is recorded in the lake sediments than as loess on the adjacent landscape. The thinner loess record on land may be due to the sparse, herb tundra vegetation that dominated the landscape in full-glacial time. Herb tundra would have been an inefficient loess trap compared to forest or even shrub tundra due to its low roughness height. The lack of abundant, full-glacial, eolian silt deposition in the loess stratigraphic record of central Alaska may be due, therefore, to a mimimal ability of the landscape to trap loess, rather than a lack of available eolian sediment. 相似文献