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1.
The epithermal El Peñon gold–silver deposit consists of quartz–adularia veins emplaced within a late Upper Paleocene rhyolitic dome complex, located in the Paleocene–Lower Eocene Au–Ag belt of northern Chile. Detailed K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on volcano–plutonic rocks and hydrothermal minerals were carried out to constrain magmatic and hydrothermal events. The Paleocene to Lower Eocene magmatism in the El Peñon area is confined to a rhomb-shaped basin, which was controlled by N–S trending normal faults and both NE- and NW-trending transtensional fault systems. The earliest products of the basin-filling sequences comprise of Middle to Upper Paleocene (～59–55 Ma) welded rhyolitic ignimbrites and andesitic to dacitic lavas, with occasional dacitic dome complexes. Later, rhyolitic and dacitic dome complexes (～55–52 Ma) represent the waning stages of volcanism during the latest Upper Paleocene and the earliest Eocene. Lower Eocene porphyry intrusives (～48–43 Ma) mark the end of the magmatism in the basin and a change to a compressive tectonomagmatic regime. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hydrothermal adularia from the El Peñon deposit yields ages between 51.0±0.6 and 53.1±0.5 Ma. These results suggest that mineralization occurred slightly after the emplacement of the El Peñon rhyolitic dome at 54.5±0.6 Ma (40Ar/39Ar age) and was closely tied to later dacitic–rhyodacitic bodies of 52 to 53 Ma (K–Ar ages), probably as short-lived pulses related to single volcanic events.  相似文献   

2.
驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床是冈底斯斑岩铜矿带上最为重要的矿床,矿区侵入岩较发育,但流纹斑岩及英安流纹斑岩的形成时代存在争议。在野外及岩相学观察基础上,结合LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得流纹斑岩年龄值为169.9±0.61 Ma,英安流纹斑岩年龄值分别为166.0±1.8 Ma及173.8±0.56 Ma,黑云母花岗闪长岩年龄值为16.98±0.15 Ma。结合前人年代学研究,认为流纹斑岩及英安流纹斑岩可能在早侏罗世即开始活动,一直持续到晚侏罗世。而黑云母花岗闪长岩的形成时代与前人研究一致,皆为中新世。此外,驱龙矿区岩浆岩演化经历了早-晚侏罗世、中新世早期和中新世中期三个阶段,其中,中新世早期岩浆活动与成矿时代具有很好的一致性。最后认为,驱龙矿区岩浆岩活动时间与新特提斯洋俯冲阶段及印度-亚洲大陆碰撞后汇聚过程中发生的岩浆作用阶段相对应。岩浆活动与成矿受到这两大构造活动事件的影响。  相似文献   

3.
Regional mapping (1:50,000) and U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology in the El Indio region refines the knowledge of the distribution, lithostratigraphy, and age of the sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks that comprise the regionally extensive Pastos Blancos Group which is equivalent to the Choiyoi Group of the Argentine Frontal Cordillera. The Pastos Blancos Group (which we elevate to Group status herein) includes at least two diachronous volcanic–sedimentary sequences: an older felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic unit, the Guanaco Sonso sequence, that is Permian in age, and a younger bimodal volcanic and volcaniclastic unit, the Los Tilos sequence that is Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic. Sedimentary rocks of the Los Tilos sequence are transitional upward into the overlying Early to Middle Jurassic shallow marine limestones of the Lautaro Formation.Intrusions that make up the regionally extensive Permian to Early Jurassic plutons of the Chollay and Elqui-Limarı́ batholiths that were previously mapped as a single plutonic association, the Ingaguás Complex, include in the El Indio region at least three discrete intrusive units. These include: Early Permian (280–270 Ma) biotite granites, Early to Middle Triassic (242–238 Ma) silica-rich leucocratic granites and rhyolitic porphyries that made up the bulk of the Chollay Batholith, and a younger Late Triassic–Early Jurassic unit (221–200 Ma) of mainly intrusive rhyolitic porphyries, extrusive domes, and subordinate mafic intrusions and both felsic and mafic dikes, which are coeval with volcanic rocks of the Los Tilos sequence.Our data show that latest Paleozoic to Early Jurassic intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks in the El Indio region of the High Andes of Chile between 29–30°S likely formed during extension driven processes after the cessation of Carboniferous–Early Permian subduction along the western edge of Gondwana. These processes began by Late Permian time, but instead of recording a single and protracted magmatic event, as has been previously suggested, rocks that belong to the Pastos Blancos Group and the Ingaguás Intrusive Complex record at least three discrete periods of silicic to bimodal magmatism which occurred during the Middle Permian to Early Jurassic interval.  相似文献   

4.
ELA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon geochronology has been used to show that the porphyritic intrusions related to the formation of the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu–Au deposit, NW Argentina, are cogenetic with stratigraphically well-constrained volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Late Miocene Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex. Zircon geochronology for intrusions in this deposit and the host volcanic sequence show that multiple mineralized porphyries were emplaced in a volcanic complex that developed over 1.5 million years. Volcanism occurred in a multi-vent volcanic complex in a siliciclastic intermontane basin. The complex evolved from early mafic-intermediate effusive phases to a later silicic explosive phase associated with mafic intrusions. Zircons from the basal mafic-intermediate lavas have ages that range from 8.46±0.14 to 7.94±0.27 Ma. Regionally extensive silicic explosive volcanism occurred at ~8.0 Ma (8.05±0.13 and 7.96±0.11 Ma), which is co-temporal with intrusion of the earliest mineralized porphyries at Bajo de la Alumbrera (8.02±0.14 and 7.98±0.14 Ma). Regional uplift and erosion followed during which the magmatic-hydrothermal system was probably unroofed. Shortly thereafter, dacitic lava domes were extruded (7.95±0.17 Ma) and rhyolitic diatremes (7.79±0.13 Ma) deposited thick tuff blankets across the region. Emplacement of large intermediate composition stocks occurred at 7.37±0.22 Ma, shortly before renewed magmatism occurred at Bajo de la Alumbrera (7.10±0.07 Ma). The latest porphyry intrusive event is temporally associated with new ore-bearing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Other dacitic intrusions are associated with subeconomic deposits that formed synchronously with the mineralized porphyries at Bajo de la Alumbrera. However, their emplacement continued (from 7.10± 0.06 to 6.93±0.07 Ma) after the final intrusion at Bajo de al Alumbrera. Regional volcanism had ceased by 6.8 Ma (6.92±0.07 Ma). The brief history of the volcanic complex hosting the Bajo de la Alumbrera Cu–Au deposit differs from that of other Andean provinces hosting porphyry deposits. For example, at the El Salvador porphyry copper district in Chile, magmatism related to Cu mineralization was episodic in regional igneous activity that occurred over tens of millions of years. Bajo de la Alumbrera resulted from the superposition of multiple porphyry-related hydrothermal systems, temporally separated by a million years. It appears that the metal budget in porphyry ore deposits is not simply a function of their longevity and/or the superposition of multiple porphyry systems. Nor is it a function of the duration of the associated cycle of magmatism. Instead, the timing of processes operating in the parental magma body is the controlling factor in the formation of a fertile porphyry-related ore system.Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at Editorial handling: N. White  相似文献   

5.
The Chalukou deposit is located in the North Great Xing’an Range of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen bordering and to the northeast of the North China Craton. The deposit is a high-F-type porphyry Mo deposit hosted by the Chalukou composite igneous body containing small intrusive bodies genetically related to Mo mineralization. The composite igneous body includes pre-mineralization dolerite, monzogranite and syenogranite, syn-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, granitic porphyry and fine-grained monzogranite, and post-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, quartz porphyry, dioritic porphyry and andesitic porphyry. Detailed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating of the igneous components of the composite igneous body was carried out to determine the temporal framework for magmatism in the Chalukou region. The new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages constraint documented here, together with the published ages, indicate that there was a protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming event of approximately 7 million years between ca. 152 when the ore related rhyolitic porphyry was emplaced and ca.145 Ma when molybdenite ceased being deposited. The dating reveals that the mineralization is a part of relatively long-lived magmatic cycle involving the emplacement of small doleritic stocks at ca. 165 Ma that progressively evolved into extensive granitic intrusions at ca. 164 Ma, and then diminished with the emplacement of mineralization-related porphyries to ca. 152 Ma. The emplacement of barren Early Cretaceous magmatism, represented by volcanic units in the ca. 136 Ma Guanghua Formation and porphyries, followed the mineralized magmatism.The syn-mineralization porphyry units associated with Mo contain zircons assaying ∼15 times higher in U and Th than the pre-mineralization magmatic phases. This indicates that there was a significant enrichment of Mo, U and Th in the magma, and directly associated with ore fluid exsolution. The return to their normal levels in the three elements in the post-mineralization magmatic phases indicates that they were exhausted from the magma chamber in the later phases. A genetic model is proposed for the enormous introduction of ore metals and enrichment at the Chalukou deposit. The protracted and multiphase igneous activity during the long-lived magmatism reflects a multistage enrichment of metal, and may play a crucial role in the formation of a volatile-enriched, fertile and large-volume magma chamber beneath the Chalukou deposit. Such a chamber is envisaged to be required for the formation of porphyry Mo deposits in general.  相似文献   

6.
In the Sierras Pampeanas of San Luis, Argentina, Late Tertiary volcanic rocks extend along a 80-km NW-SE-trending belt, between La Carolina and Sierra del Morro. Several gold deposits, among which those in the western end of the belt are better known, are genetically related to the volcanic rocks, formed during a volcanic episode that occurred between 9.5 Ma and 1.9 Ma. Located 600 km from the Peru-Chile trench, the volcanic belt represents the easternmost and youngest mineralized magmatic manifestation associated with the shallowing of the Nazca plate in the flat-slab Andean segment extending from 28° to 33° S Lat.

The volcanic complex includes lavas and volcaniclastic rocks. Small-volume lavas were emplaced as domes, flows, and dikes. Pyroclastic deposits are associated with them in certain areas, such as at La Carolina, Cerro Tiporco, and Sierra del Morro. At La Carolina, phreatomagmatic breccias and base-surge deposits define a maar-diatreme volcanic setting. At Cerro Tiporco and Sierra del Morro, the volcaniclastic units are related to the formation of calderas. Mesosilicic magmas (SiO2 = 59% to 68%) belong to normal to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic magma types. At both local and regional scales, K enrichment accompanies progressively decreasing age. Although the volcanic rocks differ from the typical Andean series, some geochemical features, such as Ta and Ti depletion, high large-ion-lithophile-element (LILE) contents, and arc-like Ba/La and La/Ta ratios, indicate an arc signature.

In the La Carolina zone, the most important mineralization is the La Carolina volcanic-hosted, low-sulfidation, epithermal gold deposit. Here, several gold and base-metal-bearing epithermal veins cut basement rocks. In the Canada Honda district, the most important mineral deposits are the Diente Verde gold-rich porphyry copper deposit and low-sulfidation epithermal gold and base-metal veins hosted by both basement and coeval volcanics.

There is no strong evidence of gold-bearing mineral deposits on the eastern side of the volcanic belt. However, there are hydrothermal alteration zones at Cerros del Rosario and El Morro as well as traces of gold at the Santa Isabel calcareous onyx deposit and inside the Sierra del Morro caldera. In addition, favorable volcanic structures, such as the calderas at Tiporco, Cerro Lomita, and El Morro, make the eastern side of the belt an interesting target for mineral exploration.  相似文献   

7.
Quartz-hosted melt inclusions from latite dykes of the Eocene El Salvador copper porphyry system in northern Chile display wide ranges in both boron concentration (15–155 p.p.m. B) and isotope composition (δ11B −7 to +12‰; n  = 10), likely reflecting slab-derived fluid input from seawater-altered oceanic crust. In contrast, the major Miocene tin-silver and tin porphyry systems in the Bolivian back-arc region (Cerro Rico de Potosi, Chorolque, Llallagua) have distinctly different melt inclusion compositions with δ11B of −11.4 ± 2.7‰ ( n  = 10), and magmatic boron enrichment up to several hundred p.p.m. B. The `seawater' signature in the El Salvador melt inclusions explains the oxidized mineral assemblage of the copper porphyry system, as opposed to the more reduced nature of the Bolivian tin porphyry systems, which reflect intracrustal melting of pelitic rocks.  相似文献   

8.
花岗岩-流纹岩的成因研究是认识地壳演化机制的重要途径.通过岩石学、地球化学和同位素地质学方法,对拉萨地体中部措麦地区灯垌破火山机构的火山-侵入杂岩进行了成因研究.灯垌火山-侵入杂岩主要由花岗斑岩、流纹岩和流纹质熔结凝灰岩组成,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为64.1±0.8 Ma、62.9±0.7 Ma和63.2±0.7 Ma,形成时代一致.他们同属高钾钙碱性准铝质-过铝质岩浆岩,亏损高场强元素、富集大离子亲石元素,轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦,具有一致的锆石δ18O值（6.15‰~7.34‰）,为同源岩浆演化的产物.流纹岩与花岗斑岩亏损Ba、Sr、P和Ti元素,具显著的负Eu异常,是岩浆发生不同程度分异演化的产物,前者代表晶粥体分离的熔体相,而后者是晶粥体富矿物相部分的产物.流纹质熔结凝灰岩轻重稀土元素分异程度相对较弱,具中等-弱的Eu负异常,是晶粥体自身被活化喷发的产物.结合前人研究成果,认为灯垌火山-侵入杂岩可能形成于古新世新特提斯洋北向俯冲于拉萨地体之下的过程中,俯冲带流体进入地幔楔并使其部分熔融,形成的幔源物质上涌,使地壳部分熔融形成的中酸性岩浆侵入或喷发而形成侵入岩或火山岩.   相似文献   

9.
The gondwanan magmatism in the San Rafael Massif, known as Choiyoi Magmatic Cycle, was emplaced during the inception of a magmatic arc setting during the early Permian. Two different sections can be differentiated in this volcanic sequence. The lower section (∼281 up to ∼265 Ma) consisting of andesites and dacitic to low-silica rhyolitic ignimbrites has geochemical characteristics that indicate a subduction zone setting. The upper section (∼265 up to ∼252 Ma) composed of rhyolitic ignimbrites and lava flows, dacitic to rhyolitic subvolcanics and alkalic basaltic andesites has geochemical characteristics transitional between subduction and continental intraplate settings. Several Cu–(Mo) porphyry deposits are genetically linked to the lower section (Infiernillo, San Pedro and La Chilca-Zanjón del Buitre). In this paper, we discussed the petrogenesis of the magmatism linked to the porphyry deposits from the San Rafael Massif. The petrogenetic analysis suggests that the lower section was produced in a thickened crust resulting in an adakite-like signature magmatism. The U/Pb LA-ICP-MS age of magmatic zircons from an intrusive associated to the San Pedro porphyry (263.1 ± 4.2 Ma) allowed confirming that the emplacement of Cu–Mo porphyry deposits in the San Rafael Massif occurred during the change in the geodynamical conditions from a transpressive to a transtensive tectonic regime.  相似文献   

10.
The Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt (MLYRMB), extending from Daye in Hubei Province in the west to Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province in the east, hosts a number of large polymetallic (Cu–Au–Mo, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Ag) deposits and constitutes one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. The Cu–Au–Mo deposits in the Jiurui district are an important component of the MLYRMB. In this study we carried out precise and detailed zircon U–Pb dating for all types of magmatic rocks from the Wushan ore deposit in the Jiurui district. Three samples of Cu–Au–Mo-related porphyries from different ore belts at Wushan were analyzed and yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 148.0 ± 1.0 Ma, 145.4 ± 0.9 Ma and 147.3 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively. A series of dykes were emplaced immediately following the Cu–Au–Mo-related porphyries at Wushan. A dark-colored basic dyke which intruded into the granodiorite porphyry at Wujia gold deposit near Wushan was dated at 144.5 ± 1.2 Ma. Two lamprophyre dykes taken from the north ore belt at Wushan underground mining stops were dated at 143.6 ± 0.9 Ma and 144.3 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively. A late-stage dyke which was also taken from the Wushan north ore belt yielded an age of 142.6 ± 1.0 Ma and might represent the end of magmatism in the Wushan ore deposit. These new geochronological data demonstrate that the time range of magmatism in the Wushan ore deposit is approximately between 148 Ma and 143 Ma, showing that the magmatic activity at Wushan was rapid and intensive. The ages of Cu–Au–Mo-related porphyries from other areas in the Jiurui district, such as the Dongleiwan, Yangjishan and Chengmenba ore deposits, were also measured and yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 141.5 ± 1.7 Ma, 143.4 ± 1.4 Ma and 146.6 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively. Combined with those previously reported zircon U–Pb age results from the Jiurui district, the present age data set demonstrates that extensive magmatism in the Jiurui district was coeval and intensive, marked by a magmatic activity in the age range of 148 to 138 Ma and peaked between 148 Ma and 142 Ma. According to the statistics of all those precise zircon U–Pb ages, the Cu–Au–Mo-related porphyries in the Edong and Tongling districts in the MLYRMB show similar ages, and they have a slightly younger peak age and a longer duration than that of the Jiurui district. The geographic shape of the MLYRMB in the Cretaceous shows an arcuate structure, the Jiurui district is located at the transitional point of the arcuate structure and the Edong and Tongling districts are situated on both sides of the arcuate structure. Considering that the Jiurui district has a slightly older peak age and a shorter duration of magmatic activity than that in the Edong and Tongling districts, it seems that the arcuate structure of the MLYRMB played an important role in the formation of these Cu–Au–Mo-related porphyries. Consequently, we suggest that the genesis of the Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks along the MLYRMB may have been due to a tectonic activity developed from southeast to northwest, which probably has a close relationship with the subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate in Mesozoic times.  相似文献   

11.
In the Cerro Carro Quebrado and Cerro Catri Cura area, located at the border between the Neuquén Basin and the North Patagonian Massif, the Garamilla Formation is composed of four volcanic stages: 1) andesitic lava-flows related to the beginning of the volcanic system; 2) basal massive lithic breccias that represent the caldera collapse; 3) voluminous, coarse-crystal rich massive lava-like ignimbrites related to multiple, steady eruptions that represent the principal infill of the system; and, finally 4) domes, dykes, lava flows, and lava domes of rhyolitic composition indicative of a post-collapse stage.The analysis of the regional and local structures, as well as, the architectures of the volcanic facies, indicates the existence of a highly oblique rift, with its principal extensional strain in an NNE–SSW direction (∼N10°).The analyzed rocks are mainly high-potassium dacites and rhyolites with trace and RE elements contents of an intraplate signature. The age of these rocks (189 ± 0.76 Ma) agree well with other volcanic sequences of the western North Patagonian Massif, as well as, the Neuquén Basin, indicating that Pliensbachian magmatism was widespread in both regions. The age is also coincident with phase 1 of volcanism of the eastern North Patagonia Massif (188–178 Ma) represented by ignimbrites, domes, and pyroclastic rocks of the Marifil Complex, related to intraplate magmatism.  相似文献   

12.
吕鹏瑞  姚文光  张海迪  杨博  洪俊  曹凯 《地质学报》2015,89(9):1629-1642
贾盖火山岩浆岩带是巴基斯坦境内西部第二大岩浆弧,属于特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分之一。晚渐新世—中新世,随着新特提斯洋的闭合,阿拉伯板块、印度板块与欧亚板块不断碰撞。在持续的挤压条件下,巴基斯坦西部发育了一系列逆冲褶皱系统,并且先后经历了中—晚始新世(43~37 Ma)、早中新世(24~22 Ma和18~16 Ma)、中中新世(13~10 Ma)和晚中新世—早上新世(6~4 Ma)4次大规模的岩浆作用,形成了贾盖火山岩浆岩带,赋存有48个斑岩型铜金矿床(点)、远景区。根据区域地质及矿化情况,可将贾盖火山岩浆岩带内的斑岩型铜-金矿床分为东、西两部分。前者主要分布在贾盖侵入体的边缘或与围岩接触带中,矿体产于晚白垩世辛贾拉尼群碎屑岩和始新世贾盖侵入体中;后者则分布在索尔科侵入体的岩株中,矿体产于古新世和更年轻的碎屑岩和火山岩中。矿体主要与磁铁矿系列的石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩相关,具有钙碱性系列的特征,围岩热液蚀变分带明显,自岩体中心向外依次为钾硅酸化(钾化)、泥化、石英绢云母化、青磐岩化。境内外斑岩铜矿产出特征显示,索尔科侵入岩可能符合"小岩体成大矿"的现实情况,贾盖侵入岩的大型复合岩基中也可能存在斑岩铜矿床,具有很好的找矿潜力。最新勘查资料显示,贾盖火山岩浆岩带已发现的48个矿床(点)、远景区可能都具有很好的找矿前景和巨大的资源潜力,如萨因达克、雷克迪克、塔拉鲁格、科·伊·达利尔等矿床(点)、远景区,以及Western War Chah斑岩体,尤其是贾盖火山岩浆岩带西部和Koh Dalil(Rackodiq)矿点。  相似文献   

13.
The Mantos Blancos copper deposit (500 Mt at 1.0% Cu) was affected by two superimposed hydrothermal events: (i) phyllic alteration related to a rhyolitic dome emplacement and brecciation at ca 155 Ma; and (ii) potassic, sodic and propylitic alteration at ca 142 Ma, coeval with stocks and sills emplacement of dioritic and granodioritic porphyries, that locally grade upwards into polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccias. Major hypogene copper sulfide mineralization is related to the second event. A late‐ore mafic dike swarm cross‐cuts all rocks in the deposit. Two types of granodioritic porphyries can be distinguished from petrographic observations and geochemical data: granodiorite porphyry I (GP I) and granodiorite porphyry II (GP II), which resulted from two different trends of magmatic evolution. The concave shape of the rare earth element (REE) distribution pattern together with the weak or absence of negative Eu anomalies in mafic dikes, dioritic and GP I porphyries, suggest hornblende‐dominated fractionation for this magmatic suite. In contrast, distinct negative Eu anomalies and the flat REE patterns suggest plagioclase‐dominated fractionation, at low oxygen fugacity, for the GP II porphyry suite. But shallow mixing and mingling between silicic and dioritic melts are also likely for the formation of the GP II and polymictic breccias, respectively. Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the rhyolitic dome rocks were generated from a dominantly crustal source, while the GP I has mantle affinity. The composition of melt inclusions (MI) in quartz crystals from the rhyolitic dome is similar to the bulk composition of their host rock. The MI analyzed in quartz from GP II and in the polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccia of the deposit are compositionally more evolved than their host rocks. Field, geochemical and petrographic data provided here point to dioritic and siliceous melt interaction as an inducing mechanism for the release of hydrothermal fluids to form the Cu mineralization.  相似文献   

14.
Eocene to late Miocene magmatism in the central Peruvian high-plain (approx. between Cerro de Pasco and Huancayo; Lats. 10.2–12°S) and east of the Cordillera Occidental is represented by scattered shallow-level intrusions as well as subaerial domes and volcanic deposits. These igneous rocks are calc-alkalic and range from basalt to rhyolite in composition, and many of them are spatially, temporally and, by inference, genetically associated with varied styles of major polymetallic mineralization. Forty-four new 40Ar–39Ar and three U/Pb zircon dates are presented, many for previously undated intrusions. Our new time constraints together with data from the literature now cover most of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of this Andean segment and provide foundation for geodynamic and metallogenetic research.The oldest Cenozoic bodies are of Eocene age and include dacitic domes to the west of Cerro de Pasco with ages ranging from 38.5 to 33.5 Ma. South of the Domo de Yauli structural dome, Eocene igneous rocks occur some 15 km east of the Cordillera Occidental and include a 39.34 ± 0.28 Ma granodioritic intrusion and a 40.14 ± 0.61 Ma rhyolite sill, whereas several diorite stocks were emplaced between 36 and 33 Ma. Eocene mineralization is restricted to the Quicay high-sulfidation epithermal deposit some 10 km to the west of Cerro de Pasco.Igneous activity in the earliest Oligocene was concentrated up to 70 km east of the Cordillera Occidental and is represented by a number of granodioritic intrusions in the Milpo–Atacocha area. Relatively voluminous early Oligocene dacitic to andesitic volcanism gave rise to the Astabamba Formation to the southeast of Domo de Yauli. Some stocks at Milpo and Atacocha generated important Zn–Pb (–Ag) skarn mineralization. After about 29.3 Ma, magmatism ceased throughout the study region. Late Oligocene igneous activity was restricted to andesitic and dacitic volcanic deposits and intrusions around Uchucchacua (approx. 25 Ma) and felsic rocks west of Tarma (21–20 Ma). A relationship between the Oligocene intrusions and polymetallic mineralization at Uchucchacua is possible, but evidence remains inconclusive.Widespread magmatism resumed in the middle Miocene and includes large igneous complexes in the Cordillera Occidental to the south of Domo de Yauli, and smaller scattered intrusive centers to the north thereof. Ore deposits of modest size are widely associated with middle Miocene intrusions along the Cordillera Occidental, north of Domo de Yauli. However, small volcanic centers were also active up to 50 km east of the continental divide and include dacitic dikes and domes, spatially associated with major base and precious metal mineralization at Cerro de Pasco and Colquijirca. Basaltic volcanism (14.54 ± 0.49 Ma) is locally observed in the back-arc domain south of Domo de Yauli approximately 30 km east of the Cordillera Occidental.After about 10 Ma intrusive activity decreased throughout Central Perú and ceased between 6 and 5 Ma. Late Miocene magmatism was locally related to important mineralization including San Cristobal (Domo de Yauli), Huarón and Yauricocha.Overall, there is no evidence for a systematic eastward migration of the magmatic arc through time. The arc broadened in the late Eocene to early Oligocene, and thereafter ceased over wide areas until the early Miocene, when magmatism resumed in a narrow arc. A renewed widening and subsequent cessation of the arc occurred in the late middle and late Miocene. The pattern of magmatism probably reflects two cycles of flattening of the subduction in the Oligocene and late Miocene. Contrasting crustal architecture between areas south and north of Domo de Yauli probably account for the differences in the temporal and aerial distribution of magmatism in these areas.Ore deposits are most abundant between Domo de Yauli and Cerro de Pasco and were generally emplaced in the middle and late Miocene during the transition to flat subduction and prior to cessation of the arc. Eocene to early Oligocene mineralization also occurred, but was restricted to a broad east–west corridor from Uchucchacua to Milpo–Atacocha, indicating a major upper-plate metallogenetic control.  相似文献   

15.
毛伟  李晓峰  杨富初 《岩石学报》2013,29(12):4104-4120
广东大宝山矿床位于南岭花岗岩带中带。它是我国著名的大型多金属矿床,开采历史久远。近年来的研究表明大宝山矿床与成矿作用有关的斑岩体为燕山早期岩浆活动的产物,因而人们较多地关注中生代的岩浆活动,而忽视了对其他时代岩浆活动的研究。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法系统地测试了大宝山多金属矿床多个花岗质岩体和辉绿岩脉的形成时代,研究表明徐屋片理化流纹斑岩年龄为426.9±2.2Ma、九曲岭黑云母花岗闪长斑岩、船肚花岗闪长岩和大宝山花岗闪长斑岩形成时代分别为162.2±0.7Ma、160.2±0.9Ma和161.0±0.9Ma。矿区内两条辉绿岩脉的年龄分别为210.4±1.4Ma和163.9±1.8Ma。这些结果证实大宝山矿区内存在加里东期、印支期和燕山期等多个旋回的岩浆活动,中晚侏罗世铁镁质的岩浆活动可能存在对成矿的贡献。  相似文献   

16.
粤东莲花山地区位于我国东南沿海火山岩发育区,是我国重要的钨金成矿远景区。通过对该地区各类花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成和微量元素研究,结果表明：莲花山地区的岩浆活动至少存在3期,其中石英闪长玢岩形成于中侏罗世（（168.0±2.2）Ma）,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于早白垩世早期（（137.5±1.9）Ma）,石英斑岩形成于早白垩世晚期（（102.0±1.5）Ma和（98.7±1.8）Ma）;岩石以钙碱性铝质-强过铝质岩浆为主,石英斑岩和流纹斑岩与成矿关系密切;各类岩浆锆石的176Lu/177Hf值均低于0.002,176Hf/177Hf值大多数小于0.282 7,εHf（t）值大多数处于-2.57~1.00之间,fLu-Hf值为-0.99~-0.95,二阶段模式年龄主要介于1.00~0.81 Ga之间,指示成岩物质来源主要来自新元古代古老下地壳变质泥岩和变质砂岩部分熔融,有少量幔源物质加入;锆石结晶温度大多处于650~750℃之间,岩石为I型花岗岩。莲花山地区不同阶段的岩浆活动和成矿作用与区域构造转换事件相关,虽缺少高精度成矿年龄对成矿时限的限制,但根据地质事实和本次研究认为该地区主要的钨金成矿时间应略晚于石英斑岩的形成时间（（102.0~98.7）Ma）。  相似文献   

17.
Cenozoic magmatic activity in northern Chile led to the formation of two contrasting porphyry copper belts: (1) a Paleocene-Early Eocene belt comprising small porphyry copper deposits (e.g., Lomas Bayas) of normal calc-alkaline affinity; and (2) a Late Eocene-Early Oligocene belt hosting huge porphyry copper deposits (e.g., Chuquicamata) of adakitic affinity. Although the first belt comprises both volcanic and plutonic rocks (andesitic-basaltic and rhyolitic lavas and tuffs, and associated sub-volcanic porphyries and felsic stocks), the latter only includes intrusions (mostly granodioritic types, including porphyry copper deposits). We suggest that the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene belt formed when fast and oblique convergence between the South America and Farallon plates led to flat subduction and direct melting of the subducting plate, hence giving rise to plutonic rocks of adakitic affinity. The absence of volcanism, under prevailing compressional conditions, prevented the escape of SO2 from the adakitic, sulfur-rich, highly oxidized magmas ("closed porphyry system"), which allowed formation of huge mineral deposits. On the contrary, coeval volcanic activity during formation of the Paleocene-Early Eocene calc-alkaline porphyries allowed development of "open systems", hence to outgassing, and therefore, to small mineral deposits.  相似文献   

18.
Detailed geological observations and analytical studies make it possible to distinguish two groups of fluid-explosion breccias (FEB) in the Vysokogorskoe tin deposit of the Kavalerovo ore district. These breccias are assumed to be related to different stages of geological (geodynamic) evolution and played different roles in ore formation. The earlier breccias (79–69 Ma), which were altered by boron metasomatism and subsequent main tin mineralization, were most probably formed at the Cretaceous subduction stage. The later breccias (55–51 Ma) are syngenetic to the dacite (rhyolite) porphyry dikes of the Paleocene–Eocene transform stage. They were formed after precipitation of the majority of the cassiterite, but prior to the latest quartz–fluorite–carbonate stage of ore formation. According to the Sillitoe classification, the explosion breccias of the Vysokogorskoe deposit correspond to a magmatic–hydrothermal genetic type. They are characterized by multiple brecciation and intersection by small bodies of porphyritic rhyolites.  相似文献   

19.
伊朗马斯杰德达吉(Masjed Daghi)斑岩型矿床位于阿哈尔—乔勒法(Ahar-Julfa)/阿拉斯巴兰(Arasbaran)成矿带的西北部,目前针对该斑岩矿床的研究相对较少,许多地质问题有待解决。为了补充马斯杰德达吉斑岩型矿床成因的地球化学证据,更好地厘定斑岩形成时间,了解矿床形成过程,对矿区中钻孔采集的石英二长斑岩中的长石、石英和锆石等矿物进行了红外-拉曼光谱、同位素及U-Pb定年、主量和微量元素等测试,同时对斑岩全岩主微量元素进行了分析测试。光谱学测试结果显示斑岩样品中的长石斑晶主要为斜长石,少量为钾长石。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其成岩年龄为(54.1±1.5) Ma (MSWD=0.48),属早始新世,为矿前斑岩。岩体内发育的斜长石具有较低的K2O(0.2%~1.8%)、较高的CaO(1.7%~8.7%)和Na2O(6.5%~9.7%)。这些斑岩中的长石具有相对过量的Al,反映了成岩岩浆具有较高的水含量。锆石Ce4+ / Ce3+比值为152~543,平均330,指示较高的氧逸度。斑岩SiO2含量高达63.4%,含有相对较高的K2O(4.9%)和Sr/Y值(120.0~121.6),显示为具有埃达克特征的钾玄质石英二长斑岩。锆石εHf(t)值为+4.5~+13.5,平均值+10.3,为正异常。另外,二阶段模型年龄(TDM=841~260 Ma)表明岩浆起源于亏损地幔物质。马斯杰德达吉始新世斑岩形成于碰撞前大洋俯冲环境,更可能来自基性岩浆,因经历了俯冲洋壳脱水和地幔楔部分熔融的过程,而具有高氧化和富水的特征。  相似文献   

20.
后石湖山杂岩体是与垮塌破火山口有关的碱性环状杂岩体, 主要由呈环形分布的碱性火山岩、环状岩墙(斑状石英正长岩)、嵌套的中心复式岩株(晶洞碱长花岗岩和斑状碱长花岗岩)和锥状岩席(石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩)组成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明, 斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙、石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩锥状岩席的侵位年龄分别为119±3Ma、121±2Ma和121±2Ma.该环状杂岩体火山岩与侵入岩的形成年龄相近, 体现了它作为火山-侵入杂岩体的特征.斑状石英正长岩富碱(Na2O+K2O=10.0%~10.5%), K2O含量较高(5.21%~5.42%), 具正的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.05~1.40).碱长花岗岩和斑岩均具有富碱、高FeOtot/MgO、Ga/Al、Zr、Nb和REE值(Eu除外), 以及低Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Ba、Sr和Eu含量的特征, 都属于A型花岗岩质岩石.其中斑岩为铝质A型花岗岩, 具有高的初始岩浆温度(880~901℃).所有A型花岗质岩石均具有较富集的Nd同位素组成, εNd(t)值变化于-13.9~-12.2之间.斑状石英正长岩是下地壳中-基性麻粒岩和片麻岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 后又发生单斜辉石分离结晶的产物; 碱长花岗岩源于上地壳长英质岩石部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 随后经历长石的分离结晶作用而成; 斑岩是受幔源岩浆底侵加热的上地壳长英质岩石的部分熔融产生的熔体, 并经历了长石的分离结晶作用而产生.该环状杂岩体的形成过程可以概括为: (1)火山爆炸性喷发形成大量的碱性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩; (2)地下岩浆房空虚导致压力下降, 其顶板围岩失稳而沿火山口周围近直立的环状断裂垮塌, 形成塌陷的破火山口.与此同时, 下覆岩浆房的岩浆被动挤入环状断裂而形成斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙; (3)浅部地壳的长英质岩浆房过压, 促使其高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成了中心的斑状碱长花岗岩岩株, 这些岩浆的上涌导致上覆围岩产生倾角中-陡的、内倾的锥状裂隙, 为石英正长斑岩锥状岩席侵位提供了空间; (4)浅部岩浆房复活, 高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆再度上升侵位形成被嵌套的晶洞碱长花岗岩岩株.同样, 这种岩浆的再度上侵导致上覆围岩产生了倾角较陡而内倾的锥状裂隙, 为花岗斑岩锥状岩席提供了侵位空间.后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的形成是华北东部早白垩世与克拉通破坏相关的伸展构造体制下的产物, 这种构造体制可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关.   相似文献   

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