共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对连续取样的洛川黄土剖面弱古土壤层(L1 SS1)和相邻黄土层(L1LL1,L1LL2)的分子化石进行了检测,获得正构烷烃、正烷基-2-酮和酰胺等种类众多、丰度较高的分子化石。W草/植=nC31/(nC27+nC29+nC31),W木/植=(nC27+nC29)/(nC27+nC29+nC31)和W木/草=(nC27+nC29)/nC31记录了草本与植被、木本与植被、木本与草本比例变化规律的古植被信息。检测样品的CPI值为5.60~11.50,地质作用影响较小;通过磁化率、粒度和分子化石指标的相关性分析,认为磁化率、粒度记录了环境变化及主要气候事件(相关系数达-0.81);而分子化石能较好地反映古植被变化。当气候环境由干冷向温湿变化、水热配置条件改善时,植被变化响应较迅速;当环境恶化、转向干冷时,响应较弱或滞后,这种现象可能是由于植被生态系统稳定性造成的结果。整个研究剖面段样品以nC31为主峰的高碳数优势,分子化石表明末次冰期间冰段洛川地区(黄土高原)发育草本植被而没有出现以森林为主的植被。 相似文献
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以往黄土-古土壤碳同位素的研究主要集中在东亚季风控制的干旱-半干旱黄土高原中北部地区,而对于秦岭南部暖温带季风性半湿润气候区黄土-古土壤序列有机碳同位素的研究鲜有报道。对比两种气候条件下的黄土有机质碳同位素组成可更广泛和深入地认识黄土碳同位素所指示的生态环境变化。为此,本研究选取了位于秦岭南麓的洛南上白川、刘湾两剖面,剖面厚度分别为74m和10m,以20cm间距采集上白川剖面38个样品,刘湾剖面51个样品。采用高温灼烧氧化法对全部样品有机质碳同位素组成进行测定,并将结果与黄土高原中部洛川和西峰剖面有机质碳同位素进行了对比。结果表明： 上白川剖面有机碳同位素( δ13Corg.)的变化范围为-24.43‰～-21.30‰,刘湾剖面的变化范围为-24.70‰～-20.52‰,洛川剖面的变化范围为-23.37‰～-18.72‰, 西峰剖面的变化范围为-23.68‰～-19.47‰。末次间冰期位于半湿润地区的上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值较半干旱地区洛川、西峰剖面偏负1‰～2‰,即上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值分别较洛川剖面的峰值偏负1.8‰和1.9‰,较西峰剖面的峰值偏负1.3‰和1.4‰。因此,该区的植被覆盖应是以C3植物为主的C3和C4混合草原植被类型; 从整体上来看,洛南剖面古土壤层碳同位素较相邻黄土层的碳同位素偏正,因此,古土壤形成时期C4植被相对比例增加。末次间冰期洛南上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值较洛川、西峰剖面的峰值偏负1‰多,表明受东亚季风控制的半干旱-半湿润的黄土区,暖季节降水对C4/C3植被相对比例增加的趋势和幅度均具有明显的影响,主要表现在暖季节降水的增加有利于C4植被相对比例的增高,同时降水的季节性分布和/或降水量的增多影响土壤有机碳同位素所记录的C4植被相对比例及其增加幅度。 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖正构烷烃和单体碳同位素分布特征及其古植被意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对察尔汗盐湖ISL1A钻孔沉积物样品进行了有机分子地球化学分析, 检测出了丰富的类脂物, 包括正构烷烃、一元正脂肪酸、一元正脂肪醇等, 本文主要讨论正构烷烃类脂物的分布特征。正构烷烃的分布型式表明其来源于低等菌藻类生物和陆生高等植物, 正构烷烃的高碳数部分均有显著的奇偶优势, 高碳数正构烷烃全部以C31 为主峰碳。正构烷烃分布特征表明在110.1~50.1 ka B.P.期间, 察尔汗盐湖地区为草原植被景观。对C27、C29、C31 长链正构烷烃进行了单体碳同位素测定, 利用二元模式估算了C3 和 C4 植物的相对输入贡献, 结果表明, 以C3 植物为主。 相似文献
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安徽宣城更新世红土正构烷烃分布特征及其古植被意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用气相色谱一质谱联用仪(GC-MS)在安徽宣城更新世红土中检测出了微量的分子化石,包括正构烷烃、一元正脂肪酸、一元正脂肪醇以及α-正构脂肪酮等．正构烷烃的分布型式表明其来源于低等菌藻类生物和陆生高等植物,其中高碳数正构烷烃主要以C29为主峰,显示流域中的植被类型以木本植物为主;(C27 C29)／(C31 C33)比值的变化反映出,在以木本植物占优势的背景下,流域中草本植物的相对比例也发生了多次变化．这一比值在本剖面上表现出多阶段的变化．而且这种变化与岩性、粒度变化密切相关,反映出这些参数可能还蕴涵着古气候信息． 相似文献
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利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/同位素比值质谱(GC/IRMS)对东海近岸泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成及分布进行了分析。结果显示东海不同泥质区典型海洋藻类源正构烷烃C19同位素组成基本相似,在-27.4 ‰ ~-28.0 ‰ 之间,平均为-27.7 ‰ 。典型海洋水生植物源C23同位素组成在-28.5 ‰ ~-31.6 ‰ 之间,平均为-30.5 ‰ ,碳同位素组成从近岸泥质区到冲绳海槽北部逐渐变重,表明海槽区与陆架区海洋水生植物种类有所不同。陆架区长链正构烷烃(C25~C31)部分随着碳数的增加,其同位素组成逐渐变轻,但海槽区这一变化不大,显示陆架区的陆源高等植物蜡具有相似的物源,而冲绳海槽北部由于黑潮主干区和黑潮分支(对马暖流)对陆架沉积物进入深海的控制性阻隔作用,其物源与陆架区区别较大。现代输入东海的陆源植物以C3植物为显著优势,C3植物对近岸泥质区北部、近岸泥质区南部、远端济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部陆源植物的贡献分别为83 % ,95 ％,75 % 和70 % 。 相似文献
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用GC-MS对湖北清江岩溶地区和尚洞洞顶植物叶片与该洞上覆土壤层中的类脂物进行了分析和对比。在植物叶片中检测出了一系列直链烷烃、脂肪酸、以及丙三醇、植醇和甾醇等类脂物,其中直链烷烃的碳数分布范围大体在C21～C36之间,以C29或C31为主峰且具有奇偶优势;脂肪酸的分布主要集中在中、短链脂肪酸内（C数<23）,以C16为主峰呈单峰型分布且具有偶奇优势;醇的分布很不规则,仅检测出丙三醇,植醇和三种甾醇,没有检测到脂肪酮类化合物。与之相比,洞顶上覆土壤层中检测出更加丰富的类脂物。类脂物具有如下特征:正构烷烃以C31为主峰,还存在低碳数正构烷烃和异构烷烃,如2-甲基、3-甲基、4-甲基、5-甲基、6-甲基、7-甲基、8-甲基等一系列的单甲基支链烷烃,这些支链烷烃显示了微生物的贡献;脂肪酸分布也以低碳数的C16为主峰,且低碳数脂肪酸的含量较植物叶片中明显的增加,同时一些异构和反异构脂肪酸（C14∶0,C15∶0和C17∶0）以及一些单不饱和脂肪酸（C16∶1,C17∶1,C18∶1和C20∶1）也被检测到,也表明土壤中的脂肪酸不仅存在高等植物的贡献,还存在微生物的来源;没有植醇,但出现姥鲛烷和植烷并检测到了一系列脂肪醇化合物,碳数分布在C21～C36之间;检测到一系列的酮,具有奇偶优势,碳数分布范围在C23～C30和C33。高等植物叶片和土壤的差异反映了微生物对高等植物类脂物输入到土壤过程的重要贡献。本研究工作不仅提供了该岩溶地区植物叶片的类脂物信息,还为研究土壤有机质的来源和植物叶片中类脂物在地质过程中的转变提供信息,更为研究岩溶地区滴水和石笋中类脂物的来源提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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为了揭示蜗牛化石壳体碳酸盐（文石）稳定同位素组成的古气候和古生态环境指示意义,对采集于河南荥阳邙山末次冰期黄土剖面上部中的粉华蜗牛（Cathaica pulveratrix）化石壳体碳酸盐进行了碳、氧稳定同位素分析,同时还对全岩有机物质（SOM）碳同位素组成以及全岩磁化率和粒度等气候替代指标进行分析,结果显示：剖面中反映蜗牛食物碳同位素组成的壳体δ13CSSA的变化,与反映古植被碳同位素组成的全岩有机物质碳同位素组成（δ13CSOM）无显著的相关关系,但是壳体13C相对于SOM的富集程度（Δδ13CSSA-SOM）的变化与石笋氧同位素记录的末次冰期东亚夏季风强度演化同步一致; 壳体δ18OSSA的变化不但与黄土磁化率、粒度等气候替代指标变化具有显著相关性,同样也与末次冰期东亚夏季风强度演化同步一致。这些特征,一方面说明受季风环流控制的气候温湿程度变化左右蜗牛夏季活动的几率和食物的类型,干冷气候条件下,相对温湿夏季成为蜗牛活动主要时期,相对富集13C苔藓、菌类和植物可能是蜗牛的主要食物; 另一方面暗示蜗牛化石壳体碳酸盐稳定同位素组成能够指示气候温湿程度和生态环境的变化。 相似文献
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为了探讨季风边缘区气候变化特征,对内蒙古磴口一个深15m 的钻孔沉积物中的正构烷烃进行了分析.结果显示,正
构烷烃总体呈现出以高碳数为主的分布特征,表明其主要来源于陆生高等植物,多数样品以nC27、nC29为主峰,奇碳优势明
显,局部样品以nC25为主峰,显示了流域植被类型为木本植物和少量水生植物.但在钻孔上部短链正构烷烃相对丰度较高,主
要以nC18为主峰,无明显的奇偶优势,反映了低等藻类生物增加.正构烷烃的分布特征在沉积钻孔中表现出的多阶段变化,与
岩性、有机碳同位素等变化相吻合,反映出研究区寒暖交替的气候条件. 相似文献
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This paper presents the carbon isotopic values of individual n-alkanes in pyrolysates of algae,which are widely spread in marine and lacustrine environments.The carbon isotopic values of n-alkanes originated from different algal precursors vary greatly,and those of n-alka nes orginated from C.protothecoides,S.sp PCC 6803 and I.Galbana are even heavier than from higher plants,n-alkanes with different carbon numers derived from the sme organism may stem from different biomacromolecules.The dominant product nC31 diene yielded at 300℃ or lower temperature also is different from n-alkanes yielded at the same thermal evolution phase with respect to their origin.The catalysis of mineral components in limestone may lead to a lighter carbon isotope composition of n-alkanes. 相似文献
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Guido L. B. Wiesenberg Jan Schwarzbauer Michael W. I. Schmidt Lorenz Schwark 《Organic Geochemistry》2004,35(11-12):1371
Agricultural soils are regarded as one potential sink for atmospheric CO2 via photosynthetic fixation in plant biomass and subsequent transformation into soil organic matter upon soil diagenesis. The difference in C-isotope signatures of C3- vs. C4-plants allows for a natural isotopic labelling of soil organic matter after changes from C3- to C4-cropping. In this study, we demonstrate that isotopic shifts are paralleled by molecular signatures of C3- vs. C4-crop alkyl lipids. Turnover times vary significantly, based on cropping techniques. For grain-maize cropped soils at steady state average turnover times of 40 years for bulk SOC, 35 years for n-alkanes and 21 years for n-carboxylic acids were determined. Turnover times for silage-maize cropped soil at steady state were on average 250 years for bulk SOC, 60 years for n-alkanes and 49 years for n-carboxylic acids. Turnover times reported here for silage-maize cropped soils may be taken as maximum values only, because they derive from a single trial, which was affected by addition of anthropogenic refractory carbon. Discrimination of input from various plant parts (roots, stems and leaves) based on bulk C-isotopes is not feasible but can easily be achieved using compositions of carboxylic acids, especially the ratio of n-C24 vs. n-C22+26 and their respective C-isotope values. This enables delineation of the influence of different cropping techniques, e.g., silage- or grain-maize, on carbon storage in soils. Admixture of external sources of organic matter to the soil organic carbon pool of an urban site in Halle, Germany was identified based on alkyl lipid distributions. Nearby lignite mining was identified as a source for non-crop-derived alkyl lipids, primarily based on the elevated n-C26-carboxylic acid content and heavier carbon isotopic signatures. 相似文献
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若尔盖高原全新世气候序列的类脂分子化石记录* 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于可靠的年代标尺,结合青藏高原泥炭沉积剖面的有机碳、孢粉等相关资料,首次在该区利用类脂分子化石指标建立了全新世以来的气候与环境演化序列。结果表明,正构烷烃、脂肪酸和脂肪醇等类脂分子化石指标存有意义的规律性变化。其中,反映低等菌藻生物和高等植物相对变化的轻组分与重组分之比L/H以及平均碳链长度ACL具有很好的古气候意义,即L/H高,ACL低,指示气候偏暖湿;L/H低,ACL高,指示气候偏干冷。各个类脂分子化石指标记录的气候信息在细节上具有一定的差异,可能是不同类脂物分子的地球化学行为和生物组成结构的不同以及对气候因素温湿组合变化响应各异的体现。同时,也较好地揭示了类脂分子化石具有自己的敏感性,在细节上较传统的有机碳指标在记录气候信息上更为敏感。该研究进一步突出了这些泥炭类脂分子化石在第四纪研究中的重要地位和应用潜力。 相似文献
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Jonathan G. Wynn 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(8):1961-1973
A depth- and particle size-specific analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its isotopic composition was undertaken to investigate the effects of soil texture (or particle size) on the depth profile of stable carbon isotopic composition of SOC (δ13CSOC) in two tropical soils. Depth-specific samples from two soil profiles of markedly different texture (coarse grained and fine grained) were separated into particle size classes and analyzed for the (mass/mass) concentration of SOC (C) and δ13CSOC. Within 1 m of the soil surface, δ13CSOC in the coarse-textured soil increases by 1.3 to 1.6‰, while δ13CSOC from the fine-textured soil increase by as much as 3.8 to 5.5‰. This increasing depth trend in the coarse-textured soil is approximately linear with respect to normalized C, while the increase in the fine-textured soil follows a logarithmic function with respect to normalized C. A model of Rayleigh distillation describing isotope fractionation during decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) accounts for the depth profile of δ13CSOC in the fine-textured soil, but does not account for the depth profile observed in the coarse-textured soil despite their similar climate, vegetation, and topographic position. These results suggest that kinetic fractionation during humification of SOM leads to preferential accumulation of 13C in association with fine mineral particles, or aggregates of fine mineral particles in fine-textured soils. In contrast, the coarse-textured soil shows very little applicability of the Rayleigh distillation model. Rather, the depth profile of δ13CSOC in the coarse-textured soil can be accounted for by mixing of soil carbon with different isotopic ratios. 相似文献
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Agricultural grasses cover a major part of the land surface in temperate agro-ecosystems and contribute significantly to the formation of soil organic matter. Crop-derived lipids are assumed to be responsible for fast carbon turnover in soils. Differences in lipid distribution patterns between crops following C3 and C4 photosynthesis pathways have rarely been described, but could be useful for source apportionment of crop-derived input into soils or sediments. The distribution of long chain n-carboxylic acids (C22, C24, C26) reveals significant differences between crop plants following either the C3 or the C4 photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway. The plant compartments leaves, stems and roots of C4 plants contain relatively large proportions (> 40%) of n-C24 carboxylic acid when compared to C3 plants. These reveal larger relative proportions of n-C22 and n-C26 acids, whose relative abundance is subject to change between different plant compartments and during the growing season. The carboxylic acid ratio [CAR = n-C24/(n-C22 + n-C26) carboxylic acids] provides distinct ratios for C4 (> 0.67) and C3 crops (< 0.67) and can thus be used as a molecular marker for the differentiation of crop plant biomass. In combination with the bulk stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) the CAR can be used as a tool for the estimation of the C4 derived carbon proportion in soils or sediments. 相似文献
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以低含量有机碳的岩溶土壤（ＳＯＣ, ０．８９％）为媒介,每１５０ｇ上添加松针、梧桐叶粉各 ７．５ｇ,１５ｇ,４个试验土柱号分别为ＳＣＣ３,ＳＣＣ５;ＳＢＣ３,ＳＢＣ５,接种岩溶土壤微生物群落后,于 恒温室内进行培养淋溶实验。结果表明,土壤淋溶液的电导值受土壤有机质含量多少及性质 的影响。土壤水溶性有机碳（ＤＯＣ）淋失总量ＳＣＣ３为５４０．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为１５２２．９ｍｇ;ＳＢＣ３为 ３８３．２ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为５６３．５ｍｇ。同时,土壤环境中Ｃａ２＋的释放总量ＳＣＣ３为１４５．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为 ２８８．７ｍｇ; ＳＢＣ３为１７０．０ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为１６７．９ｍｇ。两者呈正相关,相关系数ｒ２＝０．８５。下伏碳酸 盐岩的溶蚀量排序为ＳＣＣ５＞ＳＢＣ３＞ＳＣＣ３＞ＳＢＣ５,表明两种不同植物凋落物经微生物分 解,产生不同质和量的ＤＯＣ,并导致土壤环境中 Ｃａ２＋释放的差异和不同的岩溶效应。从而初步揭示不同有机碳分解导致ＤＯＣ淋失的差异性,以及ＤＯＣ对岩溶动力系统的驱动。这与Ａ．Ｈｅｙｅｓ和Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｍｏｏｒｅ的研究结果一致。 相似文献
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Phosphorus transport in shallow groundwater in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda: results from field and laboratory measurements 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand Phosphorus (P) sources and transport processes in the subsurface in Bwaise III Parish, Kampala, P attenuation
and adsorption capacities of soils were studied in situ and from laboratory measurements. Relationships between sorption parameters
and soil matrix properties, rates and mechanism of the adsorption process and soil P fractions were also investigated. P was
generally higher in the wet than the dry season, but for both seasons, the maximum was 5 mgP/l. P transport mechanisms appeared
to be a combination of adsorption, precipitation, leaching from the soil media and by colloids with the latter two playing
an important role in the wet season. The sorption process comprised two phases with the first stage rate constants being about
fourfold those of the second stage. The Langmuir isotherm described the sorption data well (R
2 ≥ 0.95) with the second soil layer exhibiting the highest sorption maximum (C
max) (average value 0.6 ± 0.17 mgP/gDW). The best prediction of C
max had organic carbon, Ca, available P and soil pH. Residual P consisting mostly of organics was the main fraction in all the
layers followed by inorganic HCl-P and NaOH-P in the top and middle layers, respectively. Loosely bound P (NH4Cl-P) was the least fraction (<0.4% of total P) in all layers indicating the high binding capacity of P by the soils. The
study results suggest that P dynamics is related to Ca, Fe and organic carbon content of the soils. 相似文献
18.
Organic matter from the Lower Paleozoic strata on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin of China contains abundant alkylcyclohexanes.The n-alkylcyclohexanes show the even(C16-C20) and odd (C17-C21) carbon number predominance and smooth distribution,and the methyl-n-alkylcycolhexanes the odd carbon number predominance(C17-C21) and smooth distribution,which may be related to their depositional environments and organic precursors.There are some differences in carbon number distribution between the two series of monocyclic alkanes and the n-alkanes marked by smooth distribution.The genetic relationship between the three series of compounds needs to be further studied. 相似文献