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中国锰矿成矿规律初探-陈毓川院士八十华诞专辑 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5.中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或“层控”型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型.其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4％,表生型占15.7％,是最主要的两种类型.中国锰矿广泛分布于“泛扬子区”、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以“泛扬子区”为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征.中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代.中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是“北锰南迁”:中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于“泛扬子区”的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中.大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性. 相似文献
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条带状铁建造(BIF)是形成于前寒武纪海洋中的化学沉积岩,记录了古海洋氧化还原状态的重要信息。华北克拉通广泛分布的新太古代和古元古代BIF,是了解古元古代大氧化事件(GOE)前后古海洋氧化还原环境变化的理想对象。初步研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代BIF主要为磁铁矿型氧化物相和硅酸盐相,极少数出现碳酸盐相;古元古代BIF包括赤铁矿型和磁铁矿型氧化物相、硅酸盐相和碳酸盐相,其中赤铁矿相是古元古代BIF独有的。以上矿物学特征表明,新太古代和古元古代水体的氧化还原条件是不同的。华北克拉通新太古代BIF的稀土元素组成缺乏强烈的负Ce异常,反映同期海水氧含量非常低,为缺氧状态; 但少量BIF也包含有负Ce异常,同时具有较大变化范围的Th/U值,指示新太古代海洋的局部水体氧含量相对较高,呈弱氧化状态。与新太古代BIF相比,古元古代BIF的Ce异常变化较大,包括无异常、正异常和负异常,尤其是赤铁矿相BIF具明显的负Ce异常,表明古元古代水体的氧含量和氧化还原结构已发生了明显变化; 结合华北克拉通BIF的Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)和Th/U等比值特征,认为古元古代海洋呈次氧化—氧化环境。新太古代BIF 强烈富集重铁同位素,S同位素非质量分馏效应较为明显;而古元古代BIF相对富集轻铁同位素,S同位素非质量分馏效应不明显。综上,新太古代海洋环境整体缺氧,但局部可能存在氧气“绿洲”,暗示光合产氧作用在太古代晚期已经存在;大氧化事件期间及之后的古海洋总体具上部氧化、下部还原的分层特征。 相似文献
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华南地区成冰系大塘坡组锰矿近年来在找矿勘探方面取得了突破性进展,同时,由于该套锰矿在时空分布及成矿背景上的特殊性,长期以来都受到研究者关注,累积了大量研究成果。在系统性总结大塘坡组锰矿研究成果的基础上,结合新元古代全球大地构造、古气候演变、古海洋环境变化及微生物演化等重大地质事件的最新研究进展,综合分析了华南成冰纪大规模锰沉积成矿作用与这些重大地质事件之间的联系。从新元古代中期开始,罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆的裂解在全球范围内形成了广泛分布的裂谷盆地系统,以中国南方南华盆地为代表的成锰盆地即是在裂谷盆地基础上发展而来的。裂谷盆地系统为锰矿沉积提供了必须的容矿空间,决定了其展布规律,并且盆地底部的热液系统为锰质输入盆地提供了必要途径。新元古代冰期(“雪球地球”)事件中覆盖全球的冰川系统切断或阻碍了地球各子圈层的物质与能量交换,可能导致冰期海洋缺氧状态的广泛出现。而冰期—间冰期的古气候变化使冰盖消失,海—气循环与海水圈层循环重新启动,随之而来的是古海水氧化还原条件的改变。针对南华盆地而言,表层海水的氧化及可能存在的含氧底流为锰矿沉淀提供了所需的氧化环境。此外,新近的证据表明间冰期微生物复苏背景下的锰微生物成矿作用可能是锰矿形成的重要机制。以上这些重大地质事件之间具有复杂的相互联系,同时它们也为“大塘坡式”锰矿沉积成矿作用提供了必不可少的成矿控制条件。因此, 华南成冰纪“大塘坡式”锰矿沉积成矿作用与新元古代重大地质事件间存在耦合关系。 相似文献
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本文通过调研大量文献,系统梳理了前人关于中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影期古海洋环境特征的研究方法和主要认识,特别是关于古海水的氧化还原条件、古温度和古盐度等3个要素。结果表明,震旦纪灯影组沉积时期,中上扬子地区的古海洋是一个水深较浅、并逐渐趋于氧化的浅海水体环境;古海水温度为7.0 ℃～38.6 ℃,且在灯影组晚期升高,主要为亚热带气候;海水盐度较新元古代早期有降低的趋势,但仍为海相环境,且灯影组二段和灯影组四段时期盐度相对更大。震旦纪灯影组沉积时期的古海洋环境在地质演化历史中具有重要的时空意义,能够为解释当时地球的气候条件和生物演化等方面的重大变化提供依据。现阶段研究中的问题包括：1）缺乏同时期古海洋氧化还原环境的区域对比;2）古海水绝对深度的研究十分薄弱;3）缺乏古海水盐度的直接指示依据。建议开展高分辨率古环境指示参数垂向序列和多剖面横向对比的研究,尝试定量分析氧气浓度随古海水绝对深度的变化规律,探索指示古海水盐度的直接依据。 相似文献
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蓟县铁岭子村附近新出露的下马岭组下部黑色岩系中富含菱铁矿,对这些菱铁矿形成机制的认识直接关系到对下马岭期乃至中元古代古海洋氧化还原状态和地球化学性质的判断。文中利用碳同位素对其成因加以制约,进而反演该时期的古海洋环境。结果显示,这些菱铁矿的碳同位素组成变化范围为-19.2‰~-7.8‰,平均约-15.0‰,明显偏离正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩,而更接近有机质来源的碳酸盐或重碳酸根的δ13C值,说明菱铁矿碳酸根的碳主要源自于有机质。这意味着这些菱铁矿是在早期成岩过程中由三价铁的氧化物或氢氧化物转化而来,而不是直接从海水中沉淀形成。海洋中的铁首先以氧化铁或氢氧化铁的形式发生沉淀,并与有机质一起埋藏于海底缺氧带中。后在成岩过程中发生氧化还原反应,三价铁作为氧化剂氧化有机质使之生成CO2,有机质则作为还原剂将三价铁还原为二价铁,二者结合即构成菱铁矿。同时,有机质热脱羧反应提供的CO2保证了更多的二价铁以菱铁矿的形式保存在地层中。据此可推断,至少在燕辽盆地,下马岭期古海洋已呈现广泛氧化状态,其氧化程度足以将海洋中的铁氧化为三价铁。同时,地层中硫含量极低,说明该时期古海洋贫硫。下马岭期燕辽盆地这种氧化、贫硫的古海洋特征不同于传统的分层海洋模式,因此有必要进行更深入系统的研究。 相似文献
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可以近似地把地质历史时期的碳循环看做为在沉积碳酸盐和沉积有机碳化学库之间的平衡。碳循环研究直接关系重建地球古大气、古海洋、古气候和古环境演变的历史，关系正确认识沉积矿产的成因。现在，人们已经对显生宙时期、对晚元古代碳循环进行了较多的研究，并取得了进展，但是对整个元古代和太古代碳循环的研究工作十分薄弱。预料元古代和太古代碳循环研究将成为未来地球科学重要的前沿研究领域。我国存在适于元古代碳循环研究的地质条件，建议开展相应的研究工作. 相似文献
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许多显生宙沉积锰矿床的矿物学、地球化学，甚至某些情况下连其成因模型都已经研究得很透彻了，但是不断变化着的海洋化学、海平面及气候这样一些重要因素对形成锰矿床的影响却刚刚引起人们的重视。锰的高度活动性（特别是在氧化－还原作用过程中）无疑使它在风化、搬运、沉积及成岩过程中会发生各种物相的变化。在化学风化过程中，锰溶解于酸性的还原介质中，并通过地表水和地下水被携带到滨岸地带，在弱还原（碳酸盐矿石）至氧化（ 相似文献
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对氧化—还原敏感元素和生命必需元素地球化学性质和相关沉积矿产形成机制及其时空分布特征的分析、总结和归纳,有助于对古海洋环境演化与相关沉积矿产形成关系的深入认识,这对沉积矿床学理论的发展具有重要意义。新元古代南华纪—早古生代早志留世,扬子板块周缘黑色岩系中依次沉积了举世瞩目的南华纪锰矿、震旦纪—早寒武世沉积磷块岩、早寒武世重晶石矿、镍—钼—钴多金属矿、钒矿和早志留世铀矿的完整沉积矿床系列,不同时代地层、同一时代不同沉积环境地层赋存不同类型的沉积矿产,有必要对其成矿机理进行系统研究、总结和归纳。本文在对氧化—还原敏感金属元素、生命必需元素和海底热液元素等元素地球化学性质综述的基础上,兼论了它们在结合黄铁矿矿物学对氧化—还原环境、生物生产力和盆地限制性分析方面具体作用;进一步结合新元古代—早古生代扬子板块古环境演化特征,对扬子板块周缘特定时代中特定沉积矿产的分布、成因机理进行分析、总结和归纳;最终得出扬子板块周缘相关沉积矿产,是在全球氧化事件、冰期—间冰期、Rodina大陆裂解大背景下,海洋中成矿金属元素得到长期积累,在特定时代区域性海水—海底热液—生物作用（根据不同矿种各有侧重）影响下,在相关重要元素地球化学性质的控制下、局部区域特殊氧化—还原环境的控制下形成的特定矿产的初步认识。最后,结合相关沉积矿床研究中存在的问题,提出下一步解决方案与展望。 相似文献
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新元古代海洋氧化还原条件是影响这一时期生物演化的重要原因,海相沉积物记录的各种地球化学信息是研究古海洋氧化还原条件的主要方式.南沱冰期由于缺乏含铁建造等化学沉积岩及黑色页岩,极大地制约了对这一时期氧化还原环境的研究.本文通过对贵州剑河五河剖面南沱组红色富铁杂砾岩开展沉积学、矿物学和地球化学研究,认为杂砾岩中Si、Al、Fe含量与大陆上地壳组成类似,但Ca、Na、Mg显示显著的亏损特征,反映冰期大陆的氧化风化作用.杂砾岩中的氧化还原敏感元素Mo和U反映出不同程度的富集,其协变趋势指示了铁、锰氧化物在氧化还原分层的海水中的穿梭作用.杂砾岩的红色色调是其中赤铁矿的富集所致,红色富铁杂砾岩在南沱组中的不规则分布表明赤铁矿是同冰期海水中亚铁离子氧化后,经后期脱水形成.该剖面南沱组中流水波痕构造、氧化还原敏感元素Mo和U的富集特征和红色杂砾岩中赤铁矿的形成,反映华南地区南沱冰期极端缺氧的还原环境. 相似文献
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Coupling between metallogenesis of the Cryogenian Datangpo-type manganese deposit in South China and major geological events 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yu Wen-Chao Du Yuan-Sheng Zhou Qi Wang Ping Qi Liang Xu Yuan Jin Song Pan Wen Yuan Liang-Jun Xie Xiao-Feng Yang Bing-Nan 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):855-871
The exploration of the Cryogenian manganese deposits in the Datangpo Formation of South China has achieved great progress in recent years. It is concern in the long term there are many studies on this manganese deposits due to its particularity in the temporal and spatial distribution and the mineralization background. In this paper,we systematically summarize the previous achievements on the Datangpo-type manganese deposits. Besides,we also review current findings of Neoproterozoic global geotectonics,palaeoclimate evolution,ancient marine chemistry,and microbial evolution etc. The possible linkage between the massive metallogenesis of the Cryogenian Datangpo manganese deposits in the South China and Neoproterozoic major geological events is established. The break-up of Rodinia supercontinent led to the widespread rift basin systems in the world since the Middle Neoproterozoic. The Nanhua Basin in South China,which is a manganese-forming sedimentary basin,developed from the rift basin. The rift basin provided space for manganese deposits and controlled the distribution of manganese deposit. The hydrothermal activities at the bottom of the basin provided favorable manganese source. During the Neoproterozoic ice period(“Snowball Earth”event),global ice-sheets cut off or hindered exchanges of mass and energy between different spheres of Earth,which may lead to the widespread anoxic condition in the ice age ocean. The palaeoclimate changes during the glacial-interglacial period led to the disappearance of ice-sheets and the triggering of mass and energy exchanges between different sub-systems of Earth,followed by the variation of redox condition of the ancient sea. For the Nanhua Basin,the oxidation of surface water and the oxygen-bearing base flow provided the oxidation environment for the precipitation of manganese. Besides,new evidence indicated that manganese microbiological mineralization was the potential mechanism for manganese deposit under the microbial resuscitation condition during the interglacial period. All these major geological events have complicated connections and they provided essential metallogenic conditions for the sedimentary mineralization of “Datangpo”manganese deposit. It is believed that there is a coupling between the sedimentary metallogenesis of the Cryogenian Datangpo-type manganese deposit in South China and Neoproterozoic major geological events. 相似文献
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Phanerozoic volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits (VMSD) were subdivided into the Kuroko, Besshi, Cyprus, and Ural types, which differ in their ore geochemistry and mineralogy, in their composition of volcanic ore-hosting rock associations, and in the proportions of felsic and basaltic volcanics and sedimentary rocks in the volcanic successions. The earliest deposits that can be reliably attributed to the above types originated during the Neoproterozoic during the Pangea supercontinental cycle. Archean and Paleoproterozoic VMSD can be accepted as analogues of these types, resembling them in many respects, although differing from the classic deposits of these types in some characteristics. The formation history of Cyprus-type VMSD is traceable to the Paleoproterozoic when deposits in the Outocumpu area dated at approximately 1970 Ma originated during the early stage of Pangea-I amalgamation, whereas the most ancient Besshi-type deposits 1440 million years old originated during the breakup of that supercontinent. Most of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic VMSD are similar in some of their principal features to those of the Ural and Kuroko types. Deposits of both these types and their ancient analogues evolved in the process of the Earth’s evolution and demonstrated unidirectional changes in their ore composition. 相似文献
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The West African Craton hosts major resources of gold, iron ore, aluminium ore, diamonds, phosphates and manganese. This portfolio of ore deposits is linked to the formation of Archean–Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts, Jurassic rifting and extended periods of Mesozoic to Cenozoic weathering and erosion. We give a brief overview of the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of West African ore deposits with emphasis on the main commodity types. The oldest ore forming processes generated major resources in iron ore and gold in the Kénéma–Man and Reguibat Shields during the Neo-Archean. The majority of gold, porphyry copper, lead–zinc and sedimentary manganese deposits formed during the Paleoproterozoic, dominantly within the Baoulé-Mossi domain. At the same time diamond-bearing kimberlites developed in Ghana. Another distinct diamond event has been recognized in the Mesozoic of the Kénéma–Man shield. Isolated occurrences of IOCG's as well as copper–gold and gold formed in Pan-African/Variscan belts. During the Neoproterozoic, the majority of mineralization consists of sedimentary iron ore and phosphate deposits located within intracratonic basins. During the Phanerozoic aluminium ore, phosphates and mineral sands concentrated along the margins of the coastal and intracratonic basins. 相似文献
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Sedimentary manganese metallogenesis in response to the evolution of the Earth system 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Supriya Roy 《Earth》2006,77(4):273-305
The concentration of manganese in solution and its precipitation in inorganic systems are primarily redox-controlled, guided by several Earth processes most of which were tectonically induced. The Early Archean atmosphere-hydrosphere system was extremely O2-deficient. Thus, the very high mantle heat flux producing superplumes, severe outgassing and high-temperature hydrothermal activity introduced substantial Mn2+ in anoxic oceans but prevented its precipitation. During the Late Archean, centered at ca. 2.75 Ga, the introduction of Photosystem II and decrease of the oxygen sinks led to a limited buildup of surface O2-content locally, initiating modest deposition of manganese in shallow basin-margin oxygenated niches (e.g., deposits in India and Brazil). Rapid burial of organic matter, decline of reduced gases from a progressively oxygenated mantle and a net increase in photosynthetic oxygen marked the Archean-Proterozoic transition. Concurrently, a massive drawdown of atmospheric CO2 owing to increased weathering rates on the tectonically expanded freeboard of the assembled supercontinents caused Paleoproterozoic glaciations (2.45-2.22 Ga). The spectacular sedimentary manganese deposits (at ca. 2.4 Ga) of Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, were formed by oxidation of hydrothermally derived Mn2+ transferred from a stratified ocean to the continental shelf by transgression. Episodes of increased burial rate of organic matter during ca. 2.4 and 2.06 Ga are correlatable to ocean stratification and further rise of oxygen in the atmosphere. Black shale-hosted Mn carbonate deposits in the Birimian sequence (ca. 2.3-2.0 Ga), West Africa, its equivalents in South America and those in the Francevillian sequence (ca. 2.2-2.1 Ga), Gabon are correlatable to this period. Tectonically forced doming-up, attenuation and substantial increase in freeboard areas prompted increased silicate weathering and atmospheric CO2 drawdown causing glaciation on the Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercontinent. Tectonic rifting and mantle outgassing led to deglaciation. Dissolved Mn2+ and Fe2+ concentrated earlier in highly saline stagnant seawater below the ice cover were exported to shallow shelves by transgression during deglaciation. During the Sturtian glacial-interglacial event (ca. 750-700 Ma), interstratified Mn oxide and BIF deposits of Damara sequence, Namibia, was formed. The Varangian (≡ Marinoan; ca. 600 Ma) cryogenic event produced Mn oxide and BIF deposits at Urucum, Jacadigo Group, Brazil. The Datangpo interglacial sequence, South China (Liantuo-Nantuo ≡ Varangian event) contains black shale-hosted Mn carbonate deposits. The Early Paleozoic witnessed several glacioeustatic sea level changes producing small Mn carbonate deposits of Tiantaishan (Early Cambrian) and Taojiang (Mid-Ordovician) in black shale sequences, China, and the major Mn oxide-carbonate deposits of Karadzhal-type, Central Kazakhstan (Late Devonian). The Mesozoic period of intense plate movements and volcanism produced greenhouse climate and stratified oceans. During the Early Jurassic OAE, organic-rich sediments host many Mn carbonate deposits in Europe (e.g., Úrkút, Hungary) in black shale sequences. The Late Jurassic giant Mn Carbonate deposit at Molango, Mexico, was also genetically related to sea level change. Mn carbonates were always derived from Mn oxyhydroxides during early diagenesis. Large Mn oxide deposits of Cretaceous age at Groote Eylandt, Australia and Imini-Tasdremt, Morocco, were also formed during transgression-regression in greenhouse climate. The Early Oligocene giant Mn oxide-carbonate deposit of Chiatura (Georgia) and Nikopol (Ukraine) were developed in a similar situation. Thereafter, manganese sedimentation was entirely shifted to the deep seafloor and since ca. 15 Ma B.P. was climatically controlled (glaciation-deglaciation) assisted by oxygenated polar bottom currents (AABW, NADW). The changes in climate and the sea level were mainly tectonically forced. 相似文献
15.
Noah Planavsky Andrey Bekker Balz Kamber Andrew Knudsen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(22):6387-6405
The ocean and atmosphere were largely anoxic in the early Precambrian, resulting in an Fe cycle that was dramatically different than today’s. Extremely Fe-rich sedimentary deposits—i.e., Fe formations—are the most conspicuous manifestation of this distinct Fe cycle. Rare Earth Element (REE) systematics have long been used as a tool to understand the origin of Fe formations and the corresponding chemistry of the ancient ocean. However, many earlier REE studies of Fe formations have drawn ambiguous conclusions, partially due to analytical limitations and sampling from severely altered units. Here, we present new chemical analyses of Fe formation samples from 18 units, ranging in age from ca. 3.0 to 1.8 billion years old (Ga), which allow a reevaluation of the depositional mechanisms and significance of Precambrian Fe formations. There are several temporal trends in our REE and Y dataset that reflect shifts in marine redox conditions. In general, Archean Fe formations do not display significant shale-normalized negative Ce anomalies, and only Fe formations younger than 1.9 Ga display prominent positive Ce anomalies. Low Y/Ho ratios and high shale-normalized light to heavy REE (LREE/HREE) ratios are also present in ca. 1.9 Ga and younger Fe formations but are essentially absent in their Archean counterparts. These marked differences in Paleoproterozoic versus Archean REE + Y patterns can be explained in terms of varying REE cycling in the water column.Similar to modern redox-stratified basins, the REE + Y patterns in late Paleoproterozoic Fe formations record evidence of a shuttle of metal and Ce oxides across the redoxcline from oxic shallow seawater to deeper anoxic waters. Oxide dissolution—mainly of Mn oxides—in an anoxic water column lowers the dissolved Y/Ho ratio, raises the light to heavy REE ratio, and increases the concentration of Ce relative to the neighboring REE (La and Pr). Fe oxides precipitating at or near the chemocline will capture these REE anomalies and thus evidence for this oxide shuttle. In contrast, Archean Fe formations do not display REE + Y patterns indicative of an oxide shuttle, which implies an absence of a distinct Mn redoxcline prior to the rise of atmospheric oxygen in the early Paleoproterozoic. As further evidence for reducing conditions in shallow-water environments of the Archean ocean, REE data for carbonates deposited on shallow-water Archean carbonate platforms that stratigraphically underlie Fe formations also lack negative Ce anomalies. These results question classical models for deposition of Archean Fe formations that invoke oxidation by free oxygen at or above a redoxcline. In contrast, we add to growing evidence that metabolic Fe oxidation is a more likely oxidative mechanism for these Fe formations, implying that the Fe distribution in Archean oceans could have been controlled by microbial Fe uptake rather than the oxidative potential of shallow-marine environments. 相似文献
16.
The carbon cycle is an important process that regulates Earth’s evolution. We compare two typical periods, in the Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, in which many geological events occurred. It remains an open question when modern plate tectonics started on Earth and how it has influenced the carbon cycle through time. In the Paleoproterozoic, intense weathering in a highly CO2 and CH4 rich atmosphere caused more nutritional elements to be carried into the ocean.Terrestri... 相似文献
17.
The cratonic blocks of South America have been accreted from 2.2 to 1.9 Ga, and all of these blocks have been previously involved in the assembly and breakup of the Paleoproterozoic Atlantica, the Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Rodinia, and the Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic West Gondwana continents. Several mineralization phases have sequentially taken place during Atlantica evolution, involving Au, U, Cr, W, and Sn. During Rodinia assembly and breakup and Gondwana formation, the crust-dominated metallogenic processes have been overriding, responsible for several mineral deposits, including Au, Pd, Sn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, U, P2O5, Ta, W, Li, Be and precious stones. During Rodinia breakup, epicontinental carbonate-siliciclastic basins were deposited, which host important non-ferrous base metal deposits of Cu–Co and Pb–Zn–Ag in Africa and South America. Isotope Pb–Pb analyses of sulfides from the non-ferrous deposits unambiguously indicate an upper crustal source for the metals. A genetic model for these deposits involves extensional faults driving the circulation of hydrothermal mineralizing fluids from the Archean/Paleoproterozoic basement to the Neoproterozoic sedimentary cover. These relations demonstrate the individuality of metal associations of every sediment-hosted Neoproterozoic base-metal deposit of West Gondwana has been highly influenced by the mineralogical and chemical composition of the underlying igneous and metaigneous rocks. 相似文献
18.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(1):17-31
We investigate extension events in the southern Siberian craton between 1.8 and 0.7 Ga. Signature of Late Paleoproterozoic within-plate extension in the Northern Baikal region is found in 167 4± 29 Ma dike swarms. A Mesoproterozoic extension event was associated with intrusion of the 1535 ± 14 Ma Chernaya Zima granitoids into the Urik-Iya graben deposits. Neoproterozoic extension recorded in the Sayan-Baikal dike belt (740-780 Ma dike complexes) was concurrent with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and the initiation of the Paleoasian passive margin along the southern edge of the Siberian craton. The scale of rifting-related magmatism and the features of the coeval sedimentary complexes in the southern Siberian craton indicate that Late Paleoproterozoic and Early Mesoproterozoic extension did not cause ocean opening, and the Paleoasian Ocean opened as a result of Neoproterozoic rifting. 相似文献
19.
The article is dedicated to regularities in the distribution of sedimentary phosphorite and manganese deposits in the Lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic formations. Special attention is paid to co-occurrence of phosphate and manganese ores formed during the Vendian-Cambrian shale formation epoch. It is shown that shale formation in certain epochs of the Precambrian and Phanerozoic was determined by the excess influx of carbon and biogenic elements to seas and marginal parts of the oceans and by enhanced productivity of planktonic organisms in corresponding geological periods. 相似文献