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1.
东秦岭华北地台区岩浆活动的时代及地壳增长和再改造 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
同位素年龄资料表明，东秦岭华北地台区，先后在晚太古－早元古代（太华群火山岩）、早中元古代（熊耳群火山岩、张家坪片麻状花岗岩）、中元古晚期－晚元古早期（龙王幢碱性花岗岩）、晚元古代（陶湾群火山岩）、古生代（洛南粗面质火山岩）和中生代等时期，发生过岩浆活动。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素地质研究揭示，在上述几个时期岩浆活动中，晚太古代和早中元古代的岩浆活动与地壳增长有关，其它时期岩浆活动主要反映地壳自身的再改造。另外，就华北地块大陆地壳整体看，地壳的增长从早太古代至少持续到早元古代。东秦岭华北地台区，在中元古代早期仍然存在有壳－幔分异作用。 相似文献
2.
海相沉积型锰矿的成矿过程受古海洋沉积环境影响，而古海洋环境又与超大陆聚合与裂解、极端地质事件、生命演化等密切相关，因此，海相富锰地层是岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈等多圈层耦合关系与物质循环相关信息的重要载体。深层海水缺氧模型、最小氧化带模型和幕式充氧模型都显示海水中氧化还原梯度的变化是导致锰矿形成的最主要原因。全球范围内海相沉积型锰矿主要形成于古元古代、新元古代和显生宙3个地质历史时期。其中，元古宙时期，地球上发育了完善的氧化还原分层的古海洋结构；古元古代早期和新元古代，超大陆裂解引起的海平面升降变化导致古海洋氧化还原结构产生动荡，并促使大规模沉积型锰成矿作用发生；地球沉寂期（1800~800 Ma）涵盖了整个中元古代，这一时期仅在华北地台发育了少量沉积型锰矿床，反映该时期古海洋中锰的迁移受到了抑制；显生宙地球再次进入活跃期，经历了数次海洋缺氧事件，冰室-温室气候交替促使海水的化学性质剧烈变化，并在局部氧化还原分层的沉积盆地中富集形成沉积型锰矿床。总之，古海洋氧化还原环境的变化是沉积型锰矿形成的必要条件，同时，区域性沉积盆地的结构、海平面的升降、火山作用导致的物缘供给等多种因素都会影响沉积型锰矿的形成。与沉积型铁矿相比，沉积型锰矿对局部海水化学性质的变化更加敏感，综合研究铁锰矿床的共生与分异过程，将有助于更加有效的识别不同尺度的沉积过程与古海洋环境变化。 相似文献
3.
根据近几年来的综合研究和区调工作,对柴达木盆地及其南北缘前南华纪物质组成、变质变形等研究的基础上,首次按照不同地质构造演化阶段,将柴达木盆地及其南北缘前南华纪构造单元划分为:湟源中元古代古陆块、全吉新太古代—古元古代古陆块、达肯大坂古元古代古陆块、金水口古元古代古陆块、宁多中元古代古陆块5个一级构造单元以及8个二级构造单元,论述了各构造单元的地质特征,重塑了前南华纪地质阶段柴达木盆地及其南北缘地质过程与古陆块的演化历史。结合研究区内重要地质事件将柴达木盆地及其南北缘前南华纪地质演化厘定为新太古代古陆核形成、古元古代早期古陆块裂解、古元古代晚期—中元古代早期古陆块形成、中元古代早—中期陆内裂解沉降、中元古代晚期—新元古代早期陆块汇聚、新元古代陆块裂解6个地质过程,响应了全球Kenorland、Columbia、Rodinia三个超级大陆旋回事件。 相似文献
4.
华北克拉通南缘太华杂岩组成及演化 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
太华杂岩位于华北克拉通南部,其组成复杂,记录了几乎所有早前寒武纪各阶段重要的地质事件;此外,由于其所处特殊地理位置,研究太华杂岩对于华北克拉通早前寒武纪地壳形成和演化、构造单元划分和基底拼合等都具有举足轻重的科学价值。本文综合已有的岩石学、变质作用、地球化学以及同位素年代学等诸多研究工作,得到以下阶段性结论和认识:1)将鲁山地区太华划分为以深成侵入岩为主的片麻岩系和以变质沉积-火山岩为主的表壳岩系;前者形成于中太古代晚期-新太古代早期,后者形成于古元古代晚期。而小秦岭地区太华杂岩中变质深成侵入岩形成时间跨度较大,为中太古代晚期-古元古代早期;而其上覆的火山-沉积岩可与鲁山太华杂岩的表壳岩类比,形成时间亦为古元古代晚期。2)中太古代-新太古代(2.91～2.50Ga)为华北克拉通南部大陆最主要的地壳形成时期。提出太华杂岩在太古宙经历了两期明显的地壳生长时间,一期发生在2.85～2.70Ga,以鲁山太华片麻岩系中的深成侵入岩和斜长角闪岩为代表;另一期发生在～2.50Ga,以小秦岭华山和崤山地区太华杂岩中各类花岗质岩石为代表。3)太华杂岩在所谓的全球陆壳生长"沉寂期(2.45～2.20Ga)"岩浆活动异常发育,推测这一时期的岩石形成于古元古代俯冲-汇聚环境,可能是与华北克拉通南部太古宙陆块和其他陆块汇聚-碰撞相关。4)太华杂岩在古元古代晚期普遍遭受了强烈的变质和变形,其变质程度主体为高角闪岩相,局部可达麻粒岩相,且记录了包含近等温降压退变质片段的顺时针变质作用P-T轨迹,经历了一个漫长的变质演化过程(1.97～1.80Ga),变质作用的时限跨度可达150Myr。5)提出华北克拉通南部曾经为一个统一基底,称之为"南部太古宙地块",此地块形成时间为新太古代末期(～2.5Ga)。该古老陆块经历了如下5个构造-演化阶段:(1)冥古宙-始太古代初始陆核形成;(2)中太古代-新太古代陆壳快速生长;(3)古元古代早期(～2.3Ga)岩浆活动异常活跃;(4)古元古代(2.30～1.97Ga)陆内拉伸-破裂;和(5)古元古代末期(1.97～1.80Ga)陆块最终拼合。 相似文献
5.
6.
通过对太古宙和古元古代花岗岩成分判别分析,提出了鲁东地区早前寒武纪花岗岩类可能分为3期,第一期为中太古代TTG组合,发育不完全;第二期为新太古代T1T2G1组合,具有贫K2O的奥长花岗岩演化趋势;第三期为古元古代早期G2组合,仅具富K2O的钙碱性演化趋势。探讨了不同组合花岗岩的形成环境,新太古代T2T2G1组合为岛弧环境,古元古代早期为大陆碰撞环境;不同的花岗岩类岩石组合分别对应的陆壳成熟度为：T1T2G1组合为新生的初始不成熟陆壳,G2组合则为最终的成熟陆壳。鲁东早前寒武纪花岗岩类随时间从新太古代至古元古代早期的演化,记录了鲁东大陆地壳形成的完整的地质演化过程。 相似文献
7.
不同时代和构造的杂岩的岩石学研究能够区分地质时期中,不同时期的变质作用的P-T条件和古地热梯度的特征。Belomorskiy杂岩中的太古代建造、克拉岩系、阿尔丹地盾和乌克兰地盾等,都是在高压中温和较低的地热梯度条件下发展起来的。与太古代建造不同的是,晚太古—早元古代的岩石是在较低的压力下变质的。实际上它们的变质温度相 相似文献
8.
9.
华北克拉通南缘"豫陕裂陷槽"发育大量中—新元古代地层,其中汝阳群和洛峪群分布于渑池—确山地层小区,其形成时代一直存有争议.本文针对汝阳群和洛峪群沉积岩进行了系统的碎屑锆石年代学研究工作,结合地层发育和岩石组合分析,为建立华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层框架提供依据.根据云梦山组下部碎屑锆石中获得年轻锆石年龄平均值1723.6 Ma,结合前人从洛峪群凝灰岩夹层中获得的年代学资料(1611±8 Ma、1640±16 Ma、1638±9 Ma、1634±10 Ma),将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时限限定在1720～1600 Ma之间.本文所采集的云梦山组、白草坪组和崔庄组样品中碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别在2657～1739 Ma、2712～1780 Ma和2654～1819 Ma之间,说明三个组沉积物质主要来源于古元古代地质体,部分为新太古代地质体.鲁山地区发育的新太古代—古元古代的太华杂岩,登封地区发育的新太古代登封群以及古元古代嵩山群和花岗质岩石等,均可为中—新元古代沉积岩提供物源.豫西地区汝阳群-洛峪群碎屑锆石中～2.7 Ga、～2.5 Ga、2.1～2.0 Ga和1.85～1.8 Ga的年龄谱峰值分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件.越来越多资料显示华北克拉通在2.2～2.0Ga时期存在强烈的岩浆活动,豫西地区～2.1 Ga的岩浆作用也逐渐被识别出来. 相似文献
10.
中国铁矿资源特点和科学研究问题 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
铁矿是一定地质历史演化时期和特定地质环境的产物,其形成与某些重大地质事件密切相关。沉积变质型铁矿一般形成于太古宙至古元古代,与海底火山-热液活动以及大氧化事件密切相关;新元古代"雪球地球"(snowball earth)事件也形成少量该类型铁矿。海相火山岩型铁矿赋存于从元古宙到古生代的海相火山岩建造中,形成于大洋盆地、大陆裂谷或火山岛弧等环境,常与铜(金)矿共生并多经历了后期改造作用。 相似文献
11.
A New Progress of the Proterozoic Chronostratigraphical Division 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a "Cryptozoic Eon" that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features(except for the Ediacaran Period). This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras(except for the Ediacaran Period). Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chronostratigraphical division:(1) the definition of the Archean–Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology;(2) the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean–Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon(2420–542 Ma) is envisaged to extend from the Archean–Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex(eukaryotic) life. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras(Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic), but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic. 相似文献
12.
燕辽拗拉谷盆地是一个具有全球性对比意义的典型碳酸盐岩盆地。文中提出建立雾迷山亚系和相应统的划分方案,并指出蓟县系雾迷山亚系（MPSSⅡ）时期,属于盆地巨旋回的造礁沉积平衡补偿形成阶段,沉降幅度和沉积厚度巨大,发育有代表不同沉积环境的多种类型叠层石,在层序上构成明显的沉积韵律,并显示出受米兰科维奇周期、小行星云周期和银道面周期控制形成的不同级次的宇地系统沉积旋回韵律。同时,由于山海关古陆的周期性隆升作用,导致由热水硅质形成的燧石层和由红色物源输入形成的不同级次沉积层序,更为宇地系统控制层序的周期性增添了色彩。总之,蓟县系雾迷山期巨旋回是受宇地系统场控制成因的沉积响应的典范。科学探索与实践证明只有建立宇宙观的地球科学领域,才能不断地开拓地球科学研究的新视野。 相似文献
13.
碳酸盐岩在全球碳循环过程中的作用 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
碳酸盐岩是地球上最主要的碳库，开展全球变化研究应重视碳酸盐岩在岩溶作用过程中的地球化学动力学研究。这方面的科学问题有二个。第一是关于全球碳酸盐岩的碳库容量问题，尚须利用全球沉积岩和碳酸盐岩数据库，根据全球地质历史时期碳酸盐岩的分布面积、厚度和岩石成分等进行重新计算。其次是关于碳酸盐岩在岩溶作用过程中对全球碳循环的动力学贡献问题。一方面碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用不仅关系到海洋ＣａＣＯ＿３的供给量而影响海洋中碳通量的平衡，而且还可直接回收大气圈中的ＣＯ＿２；另一方面由于钙华的沉积又可向大气圈释放ＣＯ＿２，而影响温空气体的变化。它们构成了大气温室气体源汇关系中不可忽视的一项。 相似文献
14.
The formation of manganese rocks and ores occurred during the whole geological history of the Earth. Five metallogenic epochs
(Early to Middle Proterozoic, Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic) and 7 very important
phases (Early, Middle, and Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Late Mesozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic)
can be distinguished. The phases of manganese ore genesis at many stratigraphic levels are closely related to the global climatic
and tectonic reconstructions (the breakup of the continent of Gondwana and periods of glaciations and aridization) and biotic
events (mass extinction of organisms). Based on carbon isotopic composition in manganese carbonates, participation of oxidized
organic carbon is established. 相似文献
15.
M. M. Aksirov 《GeoJournal》1995,37(4):391-403
In studying the problem of the origin and history of rotation of the Sun and the planets, the author has concluded that the present speed of the Earth's rotation has increased during geological history. Therefore, material (physical) evidence of this phenomenon should exist in the planet's interior. This conclusion is fully confirmed by the vast amount of information contained in the Earth's sedimentary cover.On this basis of the overall geological data and changes in rotation of the Earth in the Proterozoic, we should assume that at the end of the Archean the planet had an opposite rotation relative to the present.In the Late Proterozoic the speed of direct rotation of the Earth, which by this time already transformed from retrograde to direct, was growing steadily by almost one rotation per year, for which there is ample evidence in the sedimentary cover. Correspondingly, the duration of the day during that period was lengthening as well. In the Cambrian, the planet's period of rotation equalled its orbital circulation. Therefore, duration of the solar day at that time reacted its maximum, and the day and night interchange reversed the succession. In the Late Proterozoic and Post-Cambrian Palaeozoic, palaeodays were long enough so that the climate was subjected to cycle variations of a large scale and for very different latitudes. At that time, the transition to the shadow side was accompanied by low latitude phases of glaciation, while on the insolated side, high temperature indicators were formed and an intense process of dolomite formation was in progress. During a long palaeoday the flux density of solar radiation changed very slowly. As a result, a period of one day consisted of several epochs, in each of which the climate and the thermal and physical conditions of sedimentation did not undergo considerable changes. Within each such period, highly specific types of sedimentary rocks were formed, depending on the individual features of the sedimentation region. Thus, different radiation flux densities, corresponding to different stages of the day, transformed through climate and thermal conditions, are reflected in the Earth's sedimentary cover as a cyclically repetitive sequence of lithological types of rock with each change of day and night. The gradual change of solar energy flux density and the temperature trend during the long palaeoday are obviously imprinted in the carbonate cycles of the Late Proterozoic and the Palaeozoic on a large scale; Late Palaeozoic coal cyclothems which are connected to the duration of day and the level of biosphere development are particularly noticeable. For different durations of day, confined within certain limits, particular climatic and thermal conditions, as well as geological processes, were characteristic and this has been reflected in differences of variations in the content of stratigraphic subdivisions.A rapid increase in the speed of rotation of the planet and a corresponding shortening of the day's duration coincided with the Meso-Cenozoic rebuilding of the Earth's crust. Cyclic and trended changes of the climate, that were consequences of slow and accelerating rotation of the Earth in the geological past, had an extremely important influence on the biological revolution and evolution of the biosphere as a whole. 相似文献
16.
Subdivision of the Precambrian — A brief review and a report on recent decisions by the subcommission on Precambrian Stratigraphy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harold L. James 《Precambrian Research》1978,7(3):193-204
In contrast to the Phanerozoic, for which there exists an internationally accepted, detailed time scale, the Precambrian, representing more than four-fifths of all recorded Earth history, is completely without an accepted scheme for time classification. Inspection of the many published proposals for subdivision of the Precambrian reveals much diversity in underlying concept, means of definition, and nomenclature. Most schemes are based on orogenic or magmatic-tectonic cycles, but others are keyed in principle to sedimentary sequences, to total Earth history, or to combinations of various concepts. Several are reviewed as examples. Considered in terms of basic criteria, few if any of the published proposals are entirely satisfactory, and none appears a likely candidate for international acceptance.The Subcommission on Precambrian Stratigraphy of the International Union of Geological Sciences, at its meeting in Cape Town, 11.7.1977–15.7.1977, has taken the initial step toward formulation of a complete time scale by recommending acceptance of a division of the Precambrian into Proterozoic and Archean. These time units have the status of eons, equivalent to the Phanerozoic, though of much greater duration. The age of the time boundary between Proterozoic and Archean is defined as 2500 Ma. 相似文献
17.
粘土矿物保存海洋沉积有机质研究进展及其碳循环意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋沉积物吸附有机质的量和有机质循环周期与粘土矿物类型和吸附方式密切相关，并在全球碳循环中扮演着不同的角色。粘土吸附有机质有物理吸附和化学吸附之分，前者主要存在于粘土的微孔隙中，参与年、十年或百年尺度的循环；后者主要存在于粘土矿物层间和外表面，稳定性较好，有机质易于保存，可参与百万年或更长时间的循环，这种不同时间尺度内的碳循环，将会改写海洋沉积物有机碳“源”、“汇”的关系。不同类型粘土矿物的性质存在差异，决定了吸附有机质量的多寡，蒙脱石的吸附量远大于伊利石的吸附量，这可能是造成全球不同海域中有机碳“源”、“汇”变化的原因。海洋沉积物处于水圈、生物圈和岩石圈的交汇地带，有机碳的差异和变化，都会对全球碳循环及气候变化产生重要的影响。 相似文献
18.
本文综合分析了雄安新区起步区及周边地区构造、沉积、地温梯度、储盖组合、热储成岩与孔隙演化史等地质特征,总结了研究区地热资源成藏模式与影响因素：中-上元古界碳酸盐岩热储沉积期物质基础的差异性、后期的燕山-喜山构造运动演化特征控制了研究区热储、盖层和通道组合特征;特别是研究区断裂构造作用是决定研究区碳酸盐岩地层抬升、剥蚀并使其遭受岩溶作用的主导因素,其控制了本区岩溶发育区的分布和岩溶古地貌的总体格局;中-上元古界碳酸盐岩岩相以发育藻礁滩和藻坪为特征;岩溶作用类型主要有准同生岩溶、层间岩溶、潜山岩溶和断层相关岩溶等,其横向分布受古剥蚀地貌高地的控制,纵向上受潜水面的控制具有分带性特征;对热储起建设性的成岩作用主要有溶蚀作用、构造破裂作用等;本区雾迷山组热储井口水温多在50 ℃～60 ℃、热水出水量多在80～120 m3/h、矿化度多在1 900～3 100 mg/L之间。主要来自太行山麓的大气降水经断裂及不整合运移至研究区凸起、古潜山等正向构造单元的中-上元古界碳酸盐岩地层有利沉积相带处,在运移和储集过程中经正常热流背景下的深部来源的热持续加热,在凸起、古潜山等正向构造单元处特别是断裂发育带聚集成藏,形成具有勘探开发价值的地热田。 相似文献
19.
大民屯凹陷元古宇储集层特征及控制因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大民屯凹陷元古宇为主要的油气产层,主要分布于凹陷的西部和北部,呈北东走向、由西南向北东呈阶梯状分布的格局,目前已建成了静安堡北、平安堡、安福屯油田。综合研究认为,中上元古界长城系的大红峪组和高于庄组储集层主要为碳酸盐岩和石英岩类,并将两组地层分7个沉积旋回18个小层。总结了不同岩性、不同小层的储集层特征,认为储集空间主要有裂缝、孔隙和洞3类,并以高角度裂缝为主。白云岩多为裂缝型储层;石英砂岩以裂缝为主,晶孔、晶洞、晶缝为辅型储层。结合测井资料,对含油气储层进行了识别和综合评价。对影响储集性能的因素进行了分析,认为受岩性、断裂、古风化、岩溶等条件综合控制,储集空间复杂,非均质性较强。 相似文献
20.
深部碳循环和地球表层的碳循环一起构成了全球的碳循环.因为地球超过90%的碳都位于深部,深部碳循环研究对于理解地球长期的气候变化具有重要的科学意义.深部碳循环研究涉及多个科学问题,其中最重要的科学问题之一是如何准确识别地幔中的碳是再循环的地表碳.锌作为亲石元素,广泛存在于岩浆岩、地幔和碳酸盐岩中.地幔和地表沉积碳酸盐岩之间锌同位素组成存在显著的差异,而板块俯冲脱水、地幔部分熔融和岩浆结晶分异等过程导致的锌同位素分馏较为有限,因此锌同位素具有示踪深部碳循环的潜力.系统阐述了锌同位素示踪深部碳循环的原理,回顾了目前应用锌同位素示踪深部碳循环取得的阶段性成果,并指出锌、镁同位素联合示踪有望成为未来深部碳循环研究的主流. 相似文献