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阳城气象站是一个国家基本站,昼夜守班,全天担负着七次天气报和二十个小时的航危报任务。多年来,阳城测报在人员配备上,可以说是“精兵良将”。然而１９９７年的机构改革、人员分流,考验了现有的测报人员,也考验了测报人员爱岗敬业和顽强拼搏的精神。一年以后创出的... 相似文献
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蔡博峰 《气候变化研究进展》2016,12(2):124-131
|基于长江三角洲地区132个区/县的直接和间接CO2排放、人口、GDP和收入等数据,分析评估了区/县排放特征,并利用偏最小二乘法和残差法分别评估2012年区/县CO2排放影响因素和各区/县排放绩效。长三角地区的CO2排放在区/县层面上有较明显的聚集性,直接排放前40个区/县占总直接排放的86.59%。经济水平、总人口和人口密度对区/县CO2排放有较显著的影响。人口密度是负向驱动,即紧凑型发展比松散型发展有利于降低排放水平。排放绩效评估表明,76个区/县属于较优绩效,56个区/县属于较劣绩效。整体上看,当区/县总人口较小（<30万人）和总人口很大（>600万人）时,排放绩效相对较好,而总人口介于中间水平时,排放绩效的差异较大。因而,在长江三角洲地区进一步城镇化过程中,要充分重视城镇形态（人口密度）和总人口对于排放绩效的作用。 相似文献
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引言 测风仪器的动态特性,在微气象学、大气扩散和扰动等方面越来越受重视。世界气象组织也对测风传感器的动态特性做了明确要求。目前我国关于测风传感器的动态特性测试工作尚未开展,因此有必要进行研究。本文在编译整理有关国外文献的基础上,着重介绍测风传感器动态特性的基本原理。 相似文献
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基于大气辐射传输理论分别建立Ku波段和C波段的降雨模型,模拟热带气旋降雨区洋面的雷达回波并反演了洋面10 m风场,用于研究降雨对测风的影响以及风云三号双频风场雷达 (WFR) 的测风能力。分析表明:回波的衰减或增强取决于降雨衰减项和后向散射项的相对大小;热带气旋的降雨使反演风速偏小,风向精度降低,Ku波段相对于C波段更易受影响,在高风速 (超过30 m·s-1) 条件下,可达5~20 m·s-1的负风速偏差。反演结果表明:双频反演的新方法能够结合Ku波段与C波段的优势,双频最大似然估计 (MLE) 方法在分辨率上优于C波段单频反演,相对Ku单频反演能降低降雨对测风的衰减作用,结合双频MLE方法和C波段单频反演优势的分区反演方法可以显著减小降雨偏差,提高风速反演精度,在有风云三号湿度计同步观测的条件下,是提高热带气旋降雨区测风精度的有效手段。 相似文献
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本文使用泰来气象站1971-2004年十六方位风速、风向资料,2009年7月-2010年6月气象站与附近测风塔10 m高度逐时风速、风向资料,分析城市化对风序列的影响。结果表明:泰来县年平均风速呈明显减弱趋势,每10 a大约下降0.36 m/s;泰来测风塔与气象站各方向风速比较,无论是风速差值,还是相对误差均表明城市对风速影响显著,对风向也有较大影响;结合城市空间布局及气象站在城市中的位置,分析泰来十六方位风速变化速率,发现各方向风速下降趋势较为明显,其中受城市影响较大方向风速减弱趋势明显,受城市影响小的方向风速减小趋势较弱。 相似文献
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基层气象台站地面测报人员业务素质状况评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为大力发展国家和地方气象事业的基础 ,地面气象测报工作一直受到各级气象部门的高度重视。由于地面气象测报工作的特殊性 ,测报人员实行轮流值班制 ,每一个班次的工作由一个人独立完成 ,观测员的职业道德和业务素质直接影响到观测记录的真实性和准确性。在当前社会主义市场经济条件下 ,有少数测报人员由于受不正确价值观的影响 ,其工作不够安心 ,责任心有所减弱 ,致使测报质量下降。因此 ,如何加强地面气象测报队伍建设 ,防止测报质量整体滑坡 ,这一问题应当引起各级气象台站的管理者和业务人员的重视。本文结合十堰市气象部门地面气象测… 相似文献
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根据测压原理,利用ＴＵＲＢＯＢＡＳＩＣ语言,进行程序设计,在微机上实现 压订正简表自动编制与打印,既提高了简表制作的速度和质量,又减轻了观测人员的工作负担,还大大提高了管理人员对简表的审核效率。 相似文献
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受城市化、探测环境变化等人为因素影响,部分气象站风速序列存在不均一性,在使用这类气象站的风速资料时必须进行订正。本文以东山气象站为例,应用测站受建筑物影响前后各5 a的风速资料及探测环境历史沿革资料,利用计算流体力学方法（CFD）研究建筑物对气象站测风数据的影响。结果表明：建筑物与测风杆的相对位置不同,建筑物对测风的影响程度亦不同,测站北面建筑物是影响该站偏北风风速观测的主要因素;研究不同风速下建筑的影响,可得模拟结果与输入风速间呈线性关系,并由此建立风速订正关系式,订正后基本消除了建筑物对N方位风速的影响;订正受建筑物影响较小的NNE方位风速需考虑其他障碍物的影响。本文通过试验,验证了CFD方法可用于定量评估建筑物对测风的影响,从而重建受建筑物影响台站的风速序列。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献