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Characteristics of near-surface electrokinetic coupling 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David Beamish 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(1):231-242
Naturally occurring electric potentials at the Earth's surface are traditionally studied using self-potential geophysics. Recent theoretical and experimental work has reinvestigated the manner in which the measurement can be made dynamically using a pressure source. The methodology, often referred to as seismoelectric, relies on electrokinetic coupling at interfaces in the streaming potential coefficient. The ultimate aim of the developing methodologies lies in the detection of zones of high fluid mobility (permeability) and fluid geochemical contrasts within the subsurface. As yet there are no standard methods of recording and interpretation: the technique remains experimental. Field measurements are made using a seismic source and by recording electric voltage across arrays of surface dipoles. This study presents observational characteristics of electrokinetic coupling based on experiments carried out in a wide range of environments. Theory concerning the coupled elastic and electromagnetic wave equations in a saturated porous medium is discussed. It is predicted that coupling will produce electromagnetic radiation patterns from vertical electric dipoles generated at interfaces. Surface- and body-wave coupling mechanisms should provide different time–distance patterns. Vertical electric dipole radiation sources are modelled and their spatial characteristics presented. A variety of experimental configurations have been used, and geometries that exploit phase asymmetry to enhance the separation of signal and noise are emphasized. The main experimental results presented are detailed observations in the immediate vicinity of the source. Simultaneous arrivals across arrays of surface dipoles are not common. The majority of such experiments have indicated that shot-symmetric voltages which display low-velocity moveout are the dominant received waveforms. 相似文献
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流域交通运输地理在区域交通运输地理的理论框架下,以流域或流域的部分区域为研究区开展交通运输组织及其发展规律研究。论文从交通网络、运输联系及区域效应3个方面梳理了流域交通运输地理的研究进展。 ① 交通网络相关研究围绕综合交通发展水平与格局、网络连接特征与可达性、港口体系的空间结构与供应链等展开,多式联运正成为流域交通运输地理研究的新热点;② 运输联系主要研究客货运输联系规律和交通流,流域物流地理的研究重点正从物流产业布局与企业选址向物流网络与空间组织、物流供应链转移;③ 区域效应偏重于经济增长效应,资源环境生态效应研究较为薄弱。基于流域交通运输地理研究的侧重点,结合当前研究进展与流域发展需求,流域交通运输地理学未来应重视流域港口体系与水运发展,关注综合交通网络构建与运输组织以及多式联运,探究不同层级流域交通运输间的关联性,同时应加强流域交通运输的资源环境与生态效应研究。 相似文献
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Sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic (EM) measurements is important to quantify the effect of the subsurface conductivity on the measured response. Knowledge of the sensitivity functions helps in solving inverse problems related to field data. In the present paper, we have derived the sensitivity functions for exponentially varying conductivity earth models. The effect of the exponential variation of conductivity has been illustrated graphically on the sensitivity functions. The effect of varying the periods of the electromagnetic waves on the sensitivity functions has also been studied, which gives the characteristic behaviour of the sensitivity functions. This characteristic behaviour provides information about the exponentially decreasing or increasing conductivity earth models. 相似文献
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稳态风沙流中瞬态输沙特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风沙流中沙粒运动在来流风速不变时也会表现出非稳态特征。在风洞内利用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）测量了风沙运动的时间序列,并基于PIV测量技术提出风沙流中沙粒平均直径、数密度、平均水平速度和输沙通量等参数在某一时刻的计算方法,其中输沙通量的计算考虑沙粒大小垂向分布的影响。结果表明：来流风速不变时,沙粒平均直径、数密度、平均水平速度和输沙通量随时间具有明显的波动性;沙粒平均直径和平均水平速度的标准偏差一般随高度增加而增加,沙粒数密度和输沙通量标准偏差随高度增大而减小;这些参数的相对标准偏差均随高度增加而增大。 相似文献
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D.C. Johnston 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2007,28(2):171-187
Public passenger transport services receive relatively little space in the literatures on rural transport in developing economies, which mostly focus on the provision, or socioeconomic impacts, of roads. The implication is either that rural people are able to purchase or have access to motorized transport – or that they can walk on thoroughfares intended for vehicles. Statistics from Indonesia show that a low proportion of rural households own motor vehicles, but that rural bus services have seen a substantial expansion since the late 1970s; however, the coverage of the rural population is not complete. Based on survey data from villages ( desa ) in West Java, Indonesia, this paper explores several issues with respect to bus operations and motorcycle taxi ( ojek ) services in rural areas: the nature of public passenger services, the users of those services and the nature of trips made. 相似文献
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本文从河口塑造与输沙关系、流域泄沙与输移模式,以及口外来沙与潮流输移特征等三方面,探讨河口区的泥沙运移规律和补给来源。并在此基础上,提出粗细不同粒级的造床泥沙按不同方式治理的设想。 相似文献
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瓯江河口输沙模式与应用研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文从河口塑造与输沙关系、流域泄沙与输移模式,以及口外来沙与潮流输移特征等三方面,探讨河口区的泥沙运移规律和补给来源。并在此基础上,提出粗细不同粒级的造床泥沙按不同方式治理的设想。 相似文献
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Hongbo Yu 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):435-437
Books reviewed: D. Graham Burnett, Masters of All They Surveyed: Exploration, Geography, and a British El Dorado Garrett A. Sullivan, Jr., The Drama of Landscape: Land Property and Social Relations on the Early Modern Stage Sergio Díaz-Briquets and Jorge Pérez-López, Conquering Nature: The Environmental Legacy of Socialism in Cuba Karl F. Nordstrom, Beaches and Dunes of Developed Coasts Robin W. Doughty, The Eucalyptus: A Natural and Commercial History of the Gum Tree James K. Mitchell, ed., Crucibles of Hazard Gerald T. Koeppel, Water for Gotham: A History Arnold R. Alanen and Robert Z. Melnick, eds., Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America Kavita Pandit and Suzanne Davies Withers, eds., Migration and Restructuring in the United States Steven R. Nivin, Regional Innovation Potential: The Case of the U.S. Machine Tool Industry Douglas Meyer, Making the Heartland Quilt: A Geographical History of Settlement and Migration in Early Nineteenth-Century Illinois David R. Meyer, Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis Mark Cleary and Goh Kim Chuan, Environment and Development in the Straits of Malacca David Zurick and P. P. Karan, Himalaya: Life on the Edge of the World Christer Jönsson, Sven Tägil, and Gunnar Törnqvist , Organizing European Space Tor Bernhardsen, Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, 2nd ed. 相似文献
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中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析 总被引：67，自引：9，他引：58
一个区域的交通优势反映在“质”、“量”和“势”三个方面, 每个方面具有相对独立而具体的内涵, 对区域社会经济的发展具有不同的作用, 其中任一方面的刻画和评价仅仅反映区域交通优劣的一个侧面, 只有三方面的综合集成刻画与评价才能真正反映一个区域交通环境的优劣。基于交通地理学的基本理论, 界定了交通优势度的基本概念, 并建立了交通优势度的基本表述结构, 包括交通网络密度、交通干线影响度和区位优势度; 同时基于GIS 技术, 从分项和综合集成两个角度构筑了交通优势度评价的空间数理模型。以我国2365 个地域 单元为样本的实证分析发现, 我国的区域交通优势度呈“偏正态”分布特征, 极少数的地域 (比例为1.4%) 具有非常突出的交通优势, 社会经济发展具有非常优越的交通环境; 大约1/8 的地域(12.4%) 交通条件处于非常明显的劣势, 交通环境是其社会经济发展的不利条件; 大约70%地域处于评价样本的中游或中游偏上水平。从区域上看, 交通优势大致由沿海逐渐向内陆依次递减; 长江三角洲、京津冀、珠江三角洲三大城镇密集区有着明显的交通优势, 覆盖范围广; 成渝地区和武汉都市圈也有较好的交通优势, 但尚未连续成面或覆盖范围较小, 其他城镇密集区和省会城市周边地区有相对较高的交通优势, 但覆盖地域较小。从经济发展措施看, 利用交通优势和规避交通劣势, 应是进行经济活动和产业选择需要考虑的重要因素。 相似文献
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Anisotropic resistivity tomography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. V. Herwanger C. C. Pain A. Binley C. R. E. de Oliveira † M. H. Worthington ‡ 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(2):409-425
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