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1.
2008年汶川地震导致了大量地下含碳气体释放. 本文基于卫星高光谱数据采用差值法获取了汶川地震前后川西地区含碳气体异常的时空分布特征. 结果显示汶川地震前后不同含碳气体异常的时空分布特征不同. 空间分布上,CH4,CO2和CO异常分布于震中附近且受断裂控制明显,与热红外异常特征类似;CO和CO2异常的范围较CH4大,CO除沿断裂带分布外,在四川盆地也大面积出现. 异常出现时间上,CO2异常最早,其次为CH4和CO. 气体来源上,CO2和CH4主要来源于地球内部沿断裂带释放,在地球内部还原条件下,CH4还可由CO2还原形成;CO异常除了沿断裂带释放和由断裂带释放的CH4氧化生成外,还由四川盆地渗漏的CH4氧化生成. 本文结果可用于地震监测预测研究,不仅提供了新的地震前兆观测参数,还为地震热红外异常机制“地球放气温室效应”提供了科学依据,同时对地震引起的地质碳排放研究也有重要意义. 相似文献
2.
2012年6月30日新源-和静MS6.6地震前后, 北天山泥火山出现了喷溢和地球化学异常变化. 该地震前、 后4天内两次观测了北天山泥火山, 采集了两批温泉和泥火山气体样品, 测定了样品的气体组分和He、 Ne同位素及CH4、 CO2的碳同位素组成. 结果表明, 泥火山发生了同震喷发, 气体排放量增加, 温泉和泥火山气体出现了不同程度的微量气体浓度异常, 独山子泥火山震前出现了3He/4He高值异常. 研究结果有利于确定利用泥火山和温泉监测地震活动的方法和指标. 相似文献
3.
地下流体监测数据和地表断层调查都显示构造活动强烈期和大地震前后活动断裂带会伴有大量气体逸出。 中国即将发射的高分五号(GF-5)卫星搭载的大气环境红外甚高光谱分辨率探测仪及全谱段光谱成像仪两个传感器, 主要以大气气体的探测为应用目标。 本文基于两个传感器的参数设置, 使用大气辐射传输模型, 对断层逸出气体中的水汽、 CH4和CO2三种气体在大气中的含量变化对卫星传感器的辐射影响进行了仿真模拟, 分析了两个传感器对水汽、 CH4和CO2气体异常的探测能力。 结果表明, GF-5卫星两个红外传感器特定的光谱通道对大气水汽、 CH4和CO2气体异常变化均有不同程度的敏感性, 可以期待发展具有较高精度的相关气体遥感反演模型, 用于地震的监测及预测。 相似文献
4.
CO2浓度升高对稻田生态系统碳(C)氮(N)循环具有重要作用,阐明CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响是农业生产应对全球气候变化的重要组成部分.文章采用Meta分析的方法,讨论了不同CO2浓度升高状况和田间管理措施条件下CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响,结果可为未来气候条件下稻田温室气体减排提供参考.结果表明:整体平均而言,CO2浓度升高显著增加稻田CH4排放(增幅为23%,P<0.05),同时显著降低稻田N2O排放(降幅为22%,P<0.05).CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响程度与CO2熏气年限和CO2浓度梯度有关.CO2熏气年限≥10a时,CO2浓度升高同时显著降低稻田CH4和N2O排放,降幅分别为27%和53%(P<0.05);随CO2浓度梯度上升,CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4排放的促进作用呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,而对稻田N2O排放的影响则由促进作用变为抑制作用.不同N肥施用量、秸秆还田、水分管理和水稻品种等田间管理措施不同程度地影响稻田CH4和N2O排放对CO2浓度升高的响应.无秸秆和半量秸秆还田时,CO2浓度升高显著促进稻田CH4排放(增幅分别为27%和49%,P<0.05),而全量秸秆还田时,CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4排放无显著影响(P>0.05);随秸秆还田量的增加,CO2浓度升高对稻田N2O排放的抑制作用不断增强.对比持续淹水,间歇灌溉条件下CO2浓度升高减弱了对稻田CH4排放的促进作用,却增强了对稻田N2O排放的抑制作用.未来CO2浓度升高条件下,建议推广全量秸秆还田和间歇灌溉相结合的稻田管理措施,并辅以优化N肥管理和选育"高产低排"水稻品种等方法,达到最优的"增产减排"效果.此外,有必要进行多尺度、多要素和多方法的综合研究,以期有效降低稻田CH4和N2O排放对CO2浓度升高响应的不确定性. 相似文献
5.
基于卫星高光谱数据讨论鄂尔多斯西缘CH4和CO气体背景场特征和2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗MS5.8地震前后气体异常变化。 结果表明, CH4和CO气体总量在时间上均存在显著的季节变化, 空间分布上受构造地质背景、 地形地貌影响, 高值区位于银川、 吉兰泰、 河套断陷盆地。 2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗MS5.8地震当月, CH4异常沿鄂尔多斯西缘断裂带呈线性展布, 地震前1周左右, 震中两侧油气田出现CH4异常, 异常幅度达到6倍标准偏差, 与地震引起附近油气田CH4逸出增加有关; CO异常空间分布与CH4基本一致, 时间上滞后CH4异常1周左右, 持续2周左右后消失。 CH4和CO关系密切, CO异常部分源自CH4氧化。 相似文献
6.
中国火山温泉主要分布在吉林长白山、云南腾冲和黑龙江五大连池等火山区。这些火山虽然处于休眠状态,但大面积的温泉分布指示着岩浆房存在的可能性。本文总结了前人研究成果,分析了中国主要火山区温泉气体地球化学特征,并探讨了温泉气体在火山监测中的应用。长白山、腾冲和五大连池火山区温泉气体地球化学性质类似,都以CO2为主要气体,含量在80%以上,最高可达99%以上,其它气体组分包括CH4、N2、O2、SO2、H2S、He和H2等。长白山火山温泉气体中氦同位素比值（3He/4He）最高,约为4—6RA,CO2中碳同位素比值（δ13C）为-7.9‰—-1.3‰,CH4中碳同位素为-48.0‰—-28.7‰;腾冲火山温泉气体氦同位素比值为3—5.5RA,CO2中的碳同位素为-6.49‰—-2.07‰,CH4中碳同位素为-23.5‰—-9.3‰;五大连池火山温泉气体氦同位素比值约为3RA,CO2中的碳同位素比值为-9.6‰—-3.1‰,CH4中碳同位素为-47.2‰—-44.4‰。3个火山区的温泉气体均显示地幔来源的岩浆气体特征,并在上升运移过程中受地壳或古俯冲物质的影响。 相似文献
7.
新保安—沙城断裂带土壤气地球化学特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
测量断裂带土壤气浓度变化, 是监测断裂活动性和地震危险性的重要途径之一。 2014年5月, 我们在怀来地区新保安-沙城断裂测量了断层土壤气H2、 He、 CO2、 Rn、 Hg浓度以及CO2、 Rn、 Hg的通量。 测量结果显示: H2、 He、 CO2、 Rn、 Hg浓度变化范围分别为, H2: (0.4～34.2)×10-6、 He: (2.8～7)×10-6、 CO2: (0.051～1.19)%、 Rn: (0.31～18.22) kBq/m3、 Hg: (2～54) ng/m3。 土壤气H2和Rn是揭示断层位置的有效参数之一, 在断层附近以及有陡坎的地区有明显高值异常。 通过对怀来地区新保安-沙城断裂土壤气浓度及通量地球化学研究初步确定断裂带有较高的脱气强度, 与此区域地震活动性有一定的关系。 相似文献
8.
利用卫星遥感高光谱AIRS数据, 获取了发生在青藏高原周缘三个不同构造单元的2017年8月九寨沟MS7.0地震、 2019年4月西藏墨脱MS6.3地震和2020年6月新疆于田MS6.4地震伴生的CH4气体地球化学异常。 用Matlab编程处理AIRS数据的结果表明, CH4柱含量在三次地震前一周到半个月出现高值异常, 异常沿着断裂带分布, 其中断裂带的交会部位异常幅度较大。 由于地震所处的构造环境、 发震类型、 震级大小差异, 三个构造单元地震引起的CH4气体浓度异常出现时间、 持续时间、 异常强度等方面存在一定差异。 三次地震前后遥感信息异常与地震活动对应较好, 这归因于在孕震应力场作用下地下气体沿着裂隙及裂缝的逸散作用。 研究结果对利用卫星高光谱分辨率遥感技术监测地震及其在大地震短临预测中的应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
河南新郑—太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤气浓度测量能够揭示断裂位置和活动特征。 由于河南新郑—太康断裂北西向隐伏断裂带空间定位精度有待提高, 以及2016年5月该区出现地下逸出气异常的宏观现象, 在太康县西近垂直于断裂走向布设了一条长约13 km的NE—NNE走向的地球化学观测剖面, 用于分析隐伏断层浅层位置及其与地下逸出气宏观异常的关系。 观测结果表明: 该剖面的异常段与该区浅层地震勘探显示的断裂带地表出露位置相吻合, 其中Rn体积活度和H2、 CO2浓度异常揭示出南段有4条断层, 北段有2条断层, 且均具有高角度特征, 南段的CO2浓度异常区与地下逸出气宏观异常位置相符, 但代表构造特征的Rn体积活度和H2浓度没有出现异常, 认为与构造关系不密切。 相似文献
10.
2016年1月21日青海门源MS 6.4地震是甘青地区自2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震后发生的最大震级地震,其震中距宁夏边界230 km。通过梳理震前宁夏地区地震活动异常和地球物理观测资料异常发现,震前存在测震学异常2项;地球物理观测资料异常6项,其中,形变异常4项,地下流体异常2项。5项异常为中长期异常,2项测震学异常和甘盐池井水温异常为短期异常,无临震异常出现。 相似文献
11.
Characteristics of mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different typical fault zones of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
TAO Mingxin XU Yongchang SHI Baoguang JIANG Zhongti SHEN Ping LI Xiaobin & SUN Mingliang . Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Lanzhou Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China . Beijing Normal University Beijing China . The Practical Geologic Data Center State Land Resource Department Sanhe China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
Large-scale fault zones play an important role in controlling and adjusting all kinds of geological proc-esses,such as deposition,magmatism,metamorphism,metallogenesis,tectonic stress field,tectonic deforma-tion,even the movement of geological massifs,earth-quakes,and they also are the key to solving geological problems concerned,especially regional and even global structures.Due to their special geological tec-tonic significance,they are one of the main research fields of tectonic geology and … 相似文献
12.
According to the geological and seismic reflection data of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main-hole (MH), and the anomalies of CH4, CO2, and He are correlated to the three-component seismic reflectors, especially in horizontal component profiles. However, the seismic response is dif-ficult to be explained as the porosity of crystalline rocks is only about 1% in well section where the gas anomalies occur. Seismic velocity measurement of the MH cores indicated that compared with wa-ter-saturated rock samples, seismic velocity (especially the S-wave) could be distinctly decreased by gas contained in tiny cracks despite of the low porosity, and then notable seismic response could be induced in gas-filled crystalline rocks. It could be predicated that if the porosity of certain rocks in the middle crust rose due to water-rock interaction and had natural gas filled, then there would be more probability for natural gas in top of the mid-crust to fill in the crystalline rocks with increased porosity. In such case, based on the decrease of Swave velocity in crystalline rocks, seismic method could be applied in the future to explore natural gas reservoirs in the middle crust. 相似文献
13.
Iwao Kawabe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):194-214
The results of seismogeochemical monitoring of subsurface gases associated with ground-waters from deep artesian wells in Matsuyama, Japan, are presented. The weekly collections of bubble-gas samples from the two borehole wells and gas chromatographic determinations of their He/Ar, H2/Ar, N2/Ar, and CH4/Ar ratios for the recent nineteen months have revealed that the bubble-gas CH4/Ar ratios at the two stations are correlated with the seismic activity in this area. Positive anomalies of the CH4/Ar ratio were accompanied by five earthquakes with relatively large magnitudes and/or relatively small epicentral distances among thirty earthquakes that occurred during the monitoring period. The anomalous increases in the CH4/Ar ratio had evidently begun prior to the respective earthquakes.The occurrence of the geochemical anomaly appears to depend strongly upon the earthquake magnitude and distance, because the earthquakes that accompanied the anomalies and those that did not can be reasonably distinguished in the plot of magnitude vs. distance. Similar anomalies can be also seen in the variations of He/Ar and N2/Ar ratios, but their magnitudes are much smaller than those of the CH4/Ar ratio. These features have been discussed in relation to the possible mechanism of the seismogeochemical phenomena. 相似文献
14.
Yuri A. Taran 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2011,73(4):395-408
A detailed analysis of published data on the N2, Ar, and He content and Ar and He isotopic composition of fumarolic fluids from Vulcano crater (south Italy) supports a model
with two endmembers comprising magmatic and hydrothermal fluids with correspondingly low and high H2O content. The magmatic component with the highest 3He/4He and highest absolute concentrations of N2, Ar, and He also has the lowest N2/Ar and N2/He ratios (∼300 and ∼500, respectively). In contrast, the hydrothermal endmember, with the lower 3He/4He and lower absolute N2, Ar, and He abundances, has high N2/Ar (∼1,000) and high N2/He (>3,000) ratios. The hydrothermal component is also characterized by the highest 40Ar/36Ar ratios (>1,000) and is proposed to be the main carrier of metamorphic gases from the arc crust. 相似文献
15.
Giovanni Chiodini Stefano Caliro Giorgio Caramanna Domenico Granieri Carmine Minopoli Roberto Moretti Lavinia Perotta Guido Ventura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):759-780
The marine sector surrounding Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, South Italy) is affected by widespread submarine emissions
of CO2 -rich gases and thermal water discharges which have been known since the Roman Age. On November 3rd, 2002 an anomalous degassing event affected the area, probably in response to a submarine explosion. The concentrations of
minor reactive gases (CO, CH4 and H2) of samples collected in November and December, 2002 show drastic compositional changes when compared to previous samples
collected from the same area in the 1980s. In particular the samples collected after the November 3rd phenomenon display relative increases in H2 and CO and a strong decrease in the CH4 contents, while other gas species show no significant change. The interaction of the original gas with seawater explains
the variable contents of CO2, H2S, N2, Ar and He which characterize the different samples, but cannot explain the large variations of CO, CH4 and H2 which are instead compatible with changes in the redox, temperature and pressure conditions of the system. Two models, both
implying an increasing input of magmatic fluids are compatible with the observed variations of minor reactive species. In
the first one, the input of magmatic fluids drives the hydrothermal system towards atypical (more oxidizing) redox conditions,
slowly pressurizing the system up to a critical state. In the second one, the hydrothermal system is flashed by the rising
high-T volcanic fluid, suddenly released by a magmatic body at depth. The two models have different implications for volcanic
surveillance and risk assessment: In the first case, the November 3rd event may represent both the culmination of a relatively slow process which caused the overpressurization of the hydrothermal
system and the beginning of a new phase of quiescence. The possible evolution of the second model is unforeseeable because
it is mainly related to the thermal, baric and compositional state of the deep magmatic system that is poorly known. 相似文献
16.
Recent Geochemical Variation of the Hot-Spring Gases from the Tianchi Volcano, Changbai Mountains, Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent fluid monitoring work shows that the contents of mantle-derived CO_2,He and CH_4 increased anomalously in 2002 and 2003. The 3He/4He ratio of the deep-fault-type Jinjiang hot springs increased highly anomalously in 2003, and then decreased in 2004. The 3He/4He ratio from the thermal-reservoir-type Changbaijulong hot springs increased slowly in 2003, and the increase continued in 2004. The mantle-derived He content of the He released from the Changbaijulong springs increased obviously in 2004. The anomaly of the released gases and the isotopic He was consistent with the trends of seismic activities in the Tianchi volcanic area between 2002 and 2004. The abnormal release of the Jinjiang hot springs apparently decreased after the seismic activities ceased in the second half of 2004, while the abnormal release from the Changbaijulong increased significantly after these seismic activities. It shows that the abnormal release of magmas-derived gases from the thermal-reservoir-type springs lags behind that of the deep-fault-type springs. These characteristics may be of great significance for identifying deep magmatic activity and predicting volcanic earthquakes in the future. 相似文献
17.
气体地球化学监测结果显示,2002—2003年地幔来源CO2、He和CH4的含量出现明显的异常变化;2003年火山区深断裂型泉群逸出气体He的3He/4He比值都出现了异常升高,2004年该比值明显降低。热储型长白聚龙泉群逸出He中3He/4He比值2003年上升缓慢,2004年持续上升,其中逸出He中幔源He含量在2004年明显增加。2002—2004年天池火山区逸出气体及其He同位素异常变化与该区地震活动呈一定的对应关系,其中锦江泉群在2004年下半年地震活动趋势减弱后,异常明显减弱;而长白聚龙泉群在地震活动减弱后,异常反而明显增加,显示热储型泉群岩浆来源气体异常释放明显滞后于深断裂型泉点。上述异常特征对识别和判定火山区深部岩浆异常活动及预测未来火山地震可能有重要意义 相似文献
18.
白浮监测点断层土壤气的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中介绍了北京南口—孙河断裂带上白浮断层土壤气四个不同集气深度H_2/Ar,N_2/Ar,CO_2/Ar,~4He/~(20)Ne,~4He/~(40)/Ar,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值与地震活动,降雨等的关系,得到各项指标的变化与地震的发生具有一定的关系,但受季节变化的影响。通过断层剖面的工作,证明该断层具有较强的活动性。 相似文献
19.
He, Ne and Ar isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal sulfides from the TAG hydrothermal field Mid-Atlantic Ridge 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been measured in hydrothermal sulfide samples from the
TAG hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Fluid-inclusion3He/4He ratios are 2.2—13.3 times the air value (Ra), and with a mean of 7.2 Ra. Comparison with the local vent fluids (3He/4He=7.5—8.2 Ra) and mid-ocean ridge basalt values (3He/4He=6—11 Ra) shows that the variation range of3He/4He ratios from sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions is significantly large. Values for20Ne/22Ne are from 10.2 to 11.4, which are significantly higher than the atmospheric ratio (9.8). And fluid-inclusion40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 287 to 359, which are close to the atmospheric values (295.5). These results indicate that the noble
gases of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal sulfides are a mixture of mantle- and seawater-derived noble gases; the partial
mantle-derived components of trapped hydrothermal fluids may be from the lower mantle; the helium of fluid inclusions is mainly
from upper mantle; and the Ne and Ar components are mainly from seawater. 相似文献
20.
华北地震活动中短期异常图像研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
系统研究了多种地震活动性方法后认为, 1970年以来华北地区发生的MS≥5.8中强震前, 约83%具有3级或4级地震异常条带、 孕震空区及信号震出现。 震前有信号震的比例占92%, 83%的信号震距主震150 km以内, 距主震发生时间小于1年的占67%。 条带时间形成进程在2年内的约占90%, 震前条带形成后到主震发生83%在5个月内。 空区形成进程在1年半内的占83%, 空区形成后到主震发生91%在50天内, 为有意义的地震活动图像短期异常特征。 文中还探讨了异常条带图像的定量判别指标及其与未来强震的关联。 相似文献