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1.
This paper concerns an analysis of the accuracy of the estimated parameters Ω (Φ, Λ, ω) which define the tectonic plate motions. The study is based on the velocities of station positions in the IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service) which has published new realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System—ITRF2008 for Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellite DORIS technique. Eurasian, African, Australian, North American, Australian, Pacific, Antarctic and South American plates were used in the analysis. The influence of the number and localization of stations on the plate surface on the estimation accuracy of the tectonic plate motion parameters were discussed. The results were compared with the APKIM 2005 IGN model and our earlier estimation for the SLR technique. In general, a remarkable concurrent agreement between the present and the APKIM 2005 solutions was found. 相似文献
2.
Past studies have shown that high coastal uplift rates are restricted to active areas, especially in a subduction context. The origin of coastal uplift in subduction zones, however, has not yet been globally investigated. Quaternary shorelines correlated to the last interglacial maximum (MIS 5e) were defined as a global tectonic benchmark (Pedoja et al., 2011). In order to investigate the relationships between the vertical motion and the subduction dynamic parameters, we cross-linked this coastal uplift database with the “geodynamical” databases from Heuret (2005), Conrad and Husson (2009) and Müller et al. (2008). Our statistical study shows that: (1) the most intuitive parameters one can think responsible for coastal uplift (e.g., subduction obliquity, trench motion, oceanic crust age, interplate friction and force, convergence variation, dynamic topography, overriding and subducted plate velocity) are not related with the uplift (and its magnitude); (2) the only intuitive parameter is the distance to the trench which shows in specific areas a decrease from the trench up to a distance of ∼300 km; (3) the slab dip (especially the deep slab dip), the position along the trench and the overriding plate tectonic regime are correlated with the coastal uplift, probably reflecting transient changes in subduction parameters. Finally we conclude that the first order parameter explaining coastal uplift is small-scale heterogeneities of the subducting plate, as for instance subducting aseismic ridges. The influence of large-scale geodynamic setting of subduction zones is secondary. 相似文献
3.
Current crustal movement in Chinese mainland 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王琪 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(5):574-582
The quantification of tectonic deformation in the Eastern and Central Asia is of great significance for the study on global plate motion and lithospheric dynamics. In the past four years, the velocity field of horizontal crustal movement for the Chinese mainland has been established for the first time thanks to the intensified GPS measure-ments and its improved accuracy. The velocity field derived from GPS measurements delineates the patterns of tectonic deformation in the Chinese mainland in the unprecedented detail, and thus reveals the new features of the ongoing tectonic process resulted from the collision of Indian plate to Eurasian plate. Meanwhile, the surface offset induced by two strong earthquakes occurred in Chinese mainland was sampled precisely using InSAR technique. 相似文献
4.
A. N. Morozov N. V. Vaganova Ya. V. Konechnaya 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(4):520-533
The data from seismic stations of the Arkhangelsk network and the networks in the neighboring territories are analyzed for refining the focal parameters of the tectonic earthquakes recorded in the north of the Russian plate on October 22, 2005 (M = 2.9) and March 28, 2013 (M = 3.4). The epicenters of the earthquakes are confined to the large NW–SE striking faults which border the Arkhangelsk bulge starting from the Kara–Pinega rift in the northeast and Onega–Kandalaksha paleorift in the southwest. The calculated focal mechanism of the earthquake of March 28, 2013 agrees with the distribution of neotectonic stresses characteristic of the north of the Russian plate, and specifically, with the submeridional compression and sublatitudinal extension. 相似文献
5.
GPS结果十分清晰地刻画出中国大陆地区块体运动及内部变形特征，提供了认识印度欧亚碰撞引起的活动构造的新视角．本文回顾了4年来中国学者在利用GPS研究现今地壳运动方面所取得的成就，以及在利用InSAR技术研究强震破裂方面的进展情况．这些研究成果，标志着中国大陆构造变形的定量化研究进入了一个新阶段. 相似文献
6.
Chihiro Hashimoto Eiichi Fukuyama Mitsuhiro Matsu’ura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(8):1705-1728
The generation of interplate earthquakes can be regarded as a process of tectonic stress accumulation and release, driven by relative plate motion. We completed a physics-based simulation system for earthquake generation cycles at plate interfaces in the Japan region, where the Pacific plate is descending beneath the North American and Philippine Sea plates, and the Philippine Sea plate is descending beneath the North American and Eurasian plates. The system is composed of a quasi-static tectonic loading model and a dynamic rupture propagation model, developed on a realistic 3-D plate interface model. The driving force of the system is relative plate motion. In the quasi-static tectonic loading model, mechanical interaction at plate interfaces is rationally represented by the increase of tangential displacement discontinuity (fault slip) across them on the basis of dislocation theory for an elastic surface layer overlying Maxwell-type viscoelastic half-space. In the dynamic rupture propagation model, stress changes due to fault slip motion on non-planar plate interfaces are evaluated with the boundary integral equation method. The progress of seismic (dynamic) or aseismic (quasi-static) fault slip on plate interfaces is governed by a slip- and time-dependent fault constitutive law. As an example, we numerically simulated earthquake generation cycles at the source region of the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake on the North American-Pacific plate interface. From the numerical simulation, we can see that postseismic stress relaxation in the asthenosphere accelerates stress accumulation in the source region. When the stress state of the source region is close to a critical level, dynamic rupture is rapidly accelerated and develops over the whole source region. When the stress state is much lower than the critical level, the rupture is not accelerated. This means that the stress state realized by interseismic tectonic loading essentially controls the subsequent dynamic rupture process. 相似文献
7.
Earthquake Patterns in Diverse Tectonic Zones of the Globe 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We extend existing branching models for earthquake occurrences by incorporating potentially important estimates of tectonic deformation and by allowing the parameters in the models to vary across different tectonic regimes. We partition the Earth’s surface into five regimes: trenches (including subduction zones and oceanic convergent boundaries and earthquakes in outer rise or overriding plate); fast spreading ridges and oceanic transforms; slow spreading ridges and transforms; active continental zones, and plate interiors (everything not included in the previous categories). Our purpose is to specialize the models to give them the greatest possible predictive power for use in earthquake forecasts. We expected the parameters of the branching models to be significantly different in the various tectonic regimes, because earlier studies (Bird and Kagan in Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(6):2380–2399, 2004) found that the magnitude limits and other parameters differed between similar categories. We compiled subsets of the CMT and PDE earthquake catalogs corresponding to each tectonic regime, and optimized the parameters for each, and for the whole Earth, using a maximum likelihood procedure. We also analyzed branching models for California and Nevada using regional catalogs. Our estimates of parameters that can be compared to those of other models were consistent with published results. Examples include the proportion of triggered earthquakes and the exponent describing the temporal decay of triggered earthquakes. We also estimated epicentral location uncertainty and rupture zone size and our results are consistent with independent estimates. Contrary to our expectation, we found no dramatic differences in the branching parameters for the various tectonic regimes. We did find some modest differences between regimes that were robust under changes in earthquake catalog and lower magnitude threshold. Subduction zones have the highest earthquake rates, the largest upper magnitude limit, and the highest proportion of triggered events. Fast spreading ridges have the smallest upper magnitude limit and the lowest proportion of triggered events. The statistical significance of these variations cannot be assessed until methods are developed for estimating confidence limits reliably. Some results apparently depend on arbitrary decisions adopted in the analysis. For example, the proportion of triggered events decreases as the lower magnitude limit is increased, possibly because our procedure for assigning independence probability favors larger earthquakes. In some tests we censored earthquakes occurring near and just after a previous event, to account for the fact that most such earthquakes will be missing from the catalog. Fortunately the branching model parameters were hardly affected, suggesting that the inability to measure immediate aftershocks does not cause a serious estimation bias. We compare our branching model with the ETAS model and discuss the differences in the models parametrization and the results of earthquake catalogs analysis. 相似文献
8.
利用全球震源机制解资料,采用力轴张量计算法,反演中国大陆附近板块边界线上的构造应力场空间分布,其最大主压应力轴的方位角与GPS研究得到的板块运动方向一致,太平洋板块西边界和菲律宾板块琉球岛弧段的最大主压应力轴的倾角与板块俯冲倾角基本相当,因此认为该方法反演的构造应力场真实可靠。1999年、2005年和2011年太平洋板块日本本州段的最大主压应力轴方位角存在转折现象,震例总结显示该转折现象往往对应华北地区5级以上,甚至6级左右地震,但2011年的转折变化对应华北地震的震级在5级左右。根据对太平洋板块西边界的分段研究,认为2011年的转折变化主要是由42°~50°N段的构造应力场转折引起的,而该段从地理位置结合俯冲方向来看,影响的主要地区是东北地区,而对华北的影响相对较小,因此导致对应地震的震级偏低。1992—2000年菲律宾板块琉球岛弧段的最大主压应力轴方位角存在大幅度、长时间的逆时针偏转现象,分析认为是造成同期华北南部地区发生多次具有典型华南应力场特征地震的原因。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2009,47(3-5):95-103
The influence of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the motion of tectonic plates is usually neglected. Employing a recently developed numerical approach, we examine the effect of glacial loading on the motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates where we consider an elastic lithosphere of laterally variable strength and the plates losely connected by low viscous zones. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the physical processes which control the GIA-induced horizontal motion and to assess the impact of finite plate-boundary zones. We show that the present-day motion of tectonic plates induced by GIA is at, or above, the order of accuracy of the plate motions determined by very precise GPS observations. Therefore, its contribution should be considered when interpreting the mechanism controlling plate motion. 相似文献
10.
Glacial isostasy and plate motion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The influence of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the motion of tectonic plates is usually neglected. Employing a recently developed numerical approach, we examine the effect of glacial loading on the motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates where we consider an elastic lithosphere of laterally variable strength and the plates losely connected by low viscous zones. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the physical processes which control the GIA-induced horizontal motion and to assess the impact of finite plate-boundary zones. We show that the present-day motion of tectonic plates induced by GIA is at, or above, the order of accuracy of the plate motions determined by very precise GPS observations. Therefore, its contribution should be considered when interpreting the mechanism controlling plate motion. 相似文献
11.
基于当前金属屈服消能器的应用特点和使用限制,提出一种轴向布置的金属阻尼器,其主要构造特征为耗能钢板直接与连接钢支撑组合,使得支撑与阻尼器组合为单一减震构件,解决了金属阻尼器需要斜撑对称布置的技术问题。推导了轴向布置金属阻尼器的屈服承载力、刚度计算公式;进行了构件的低周往复荷载试验,得到了轴向布置金属阻尼器的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,试验结果验证了有限元分析结果的准确性。同时,试验结果表明:轴向布置的金属阻尼器具有良好的延性和稳定的滞回性能。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对12组不同参数的轴向布置金属阻尼器进行数值模拟,研究了耗能板的不同布置方式、数量、耗能形式对阻尼器力学性能的影响,结果表明,耗能板宽厚比是轴向布置金属阻尼器滞回性能的最主要影响因素。 相似文献
12.
对我国近海海域有历史记载以来的地震的震级、震中参数进行了整理分析,并分析了各海域地震活动的时、空分布规律,根据历史地震资料,确定海域受历史地震影响的最大影响烈度,然后初步分析了地震活动与现代构造应力场、地球物理场的关系.研究发现:(1)近海海域历史地震资料的精度较低,中强地震存在明显的遗漏.(2)渤海、台湾海峡、南海北部地震活动性较强,黄海次之,东海最弱.(3)近海海域的震害主要来自海域地震和近岸陆地强震的影响,影响强弱依次为:渤海、黄海、东南沿海、东海.(4)现代构造应力场以水平向构造应力场作用下的走滑运动为主,最大主应力方向受印度板决和太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块的俯冲挤压方向影响.(5)海域地球物理场,特别是布格重力异常、地壳厚度分布与强震构造带的空间分布关系的相关性较好.本文的研究结果可为我国海域及滨海重要工程的抗震设防、海域地震危险性区划提供一定的基础. 相似文献
13.
Michelle M. Selvans Joann M. Stock Charles DeMets Osvaldo Sanchez Bertha Marquez-Azua 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(8-9):1435-1447
A GPS campaign network in the state of Jalisco was occupied for?~36?h per station most years between 1995 and 2005; we use data from 1998?C2001 to investigate tectonic motion and interseismic deformation in the Jalisco area with respect to the North America plate. The twelve stations used in this analysis provide coverage of the Jalisco Block and adjacent North America plate, and show a pattern of motion that implies some contribution to Jalisco Block boundary deformation from both tectonic motion and interseismic deformation due to the offshore 1995 earthquake. The consistent direction and magnitude of station motion on the Jalisco Block with respect to the North America reference frame,?~2?mm/year to the southwest (95% confidence level), perhaps can be attributed to tectonic motion. However, some station velocities within and across the boundaries of the Jalisco Block are also non-zero (95% confidence level), and the overall pattern of station velocities indicates both viscoelastic response to the 1995 earthquake and partial coupling of the subduction interface (together termed ??interseismic deformation??). Our results show motion across the northern Colima rift, the eastern boundary of the Jalisco Block, which is likely to be sinistral oblique extension rather than pure extension. We constrain extension across both the Colima rift and the northeastern boundary of the Jalisco Block, the Tepic-Zacoalco rift, to???8?mm/year (95% confidence level), slow compared to relative rates of motion at nearby plate boundaries. 相似文献
14.
由古地震资料推算得到的中国境内各活动断裂带上大震复发周期值存在很大差异,对于这种差异可从构造应力产生的弹性应变能分布去探讨其原因。经过对中国及邻区边界条件和受力方式进行较详细的分析后,先以最大主压应力方向为判据,用有限元数值模拟方法反演中国及邻区的板块边界力和区内的构造应力场,然后分析计算应变能随离板块边界的距离增大所呈现的衰减规律,由此换算出要达到相同应变能（一次地震）各地所需的积累时间,并将其与用古地震方法得到的一些已知断层带大震复发周期进行对比。结果表明用应力衰减图象能解释不同地区大震复发周期的显著差异 相似文献
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中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型. 相似文献
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Subsurface flow plays an important role in forest catchment hydrological processes, for which a modified model is established in this paper. Firstly, by taking soil samples from Natural Preserve Forests of Changbai Mountain, two crucial parameters for subsurface flow, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity, were measured in the laboratory. Secondly, submodels of the two parameters varying logarithmically with soil depth were established through regressive analysis. Then a modified subsurface stormflow model (Modified model) was founded by substituting the submodels into a storage–discharge model (Sloan's model), established by Sloan in 1983. Finally, to verify the Modified model, five rainfall events on a simulated hillside were carried out. The subsurface flow processes were simulated using the Modified model, Sloan's model and Robinson's model. The comparison of simulated subsurface stormflow processes using the three models respectively with measured ones showed that the Modified model obtained better accuracy for peak flow and total amount of subsurface stormflow than the other two models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
基于2007-2009年江苏南部GPS资料,借助多面函数法及位移-应变模型求取了研究区的速度场及应变特征参数,结合地质构造背景及地震活动性对该区地壳形变特征进行分析.研究结果表明：（1）江苏南部现今地壳整体朝南东向运动,临海地区与内陆地区速度差异较大,量值在5～10 mm/a;（2）研究区域呈现面应变正负交替出现的规律,在泰州、南通、嘉定出现面膨胀、剪切应变高值区,未来发生中强地震的可能性较大;（3）江苏南部地区地壳运动受太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块的共同作用,构造机理复杂. 相似文献
20.
Tectonics of South China continent and its implications 总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36
ZHANG GuoWei GUO AnLin WANG YueJun LI SanZhong DONG YunPeng LIU ShaoFeng HE DengFa CHENG ShunYou LU RuKui YAO AnPing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(11):1804-1828
This paper aims at exploring the tectonic characteristics of the South China Continent(SCC)and extracting the universal tectonic rules from these characteristics,to help enrich the plate tectonic theory and better understand the continental dynamic system.For this purpose,here we conduct a multi-disciplinary investigation and combine it with the previous studies to reassess the tectonics and evolution of SCC and propose that the tectonic framework of the continent comprises two blocks,three types of tectonic units,four deformation systems,and four evolutionary stages with distinctive mechanism and tectonic characteristics since the Neoproterozoic.The four evolutionary stages are:(1)The amalgamation and break-up of the Neoproterozoic plates,typically the intracontinental rifting.(2)The early Paleozoic and Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny confined by plate tectonics,forming two composite tectonic domains.(3)The parallel operation of the Yangtze cratonization and intracontinental orogeny,and multi-phase reactivation of the Yangtze craton.(4)The association and differentiation evolution of plate tectonics and intracontinental tectonics,and the dynamic characteristics under the Meso-Cenozoic modern global plate tectonic regime. 相似文献