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1.
Rayleigh-Wave Dispersive Energy Imaging Using a High-Resolution Linear Radon Transform 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yinhe Luo Jianghai Xia Richard D. Miller Yixian Xu Jiangping Liu Qingsheng Liu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(5):903-922
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) analysis is an efficient tool to obtain the vertical shear-wave profile. One
of the key steps in the MASW method is to generate an image of dispersive energy in the frequency-velocity domain, so dispersion
curves can be determined by picking peaks of dispersion energy. In this paper, we propose to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive
energy by high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT). The shot gather is first transformed along the time direction to the
frequency domain and then the Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy can be imaged by high-resolution LRT using a weighted preconditioned
conjugate gradient algorithm. Synthetic data with a set of linear events are presented to show the process of generating dispersive
energy. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that, compared with the slant stacking algorithm, high-resolution
LRT can improve the resolution of images of dispersion energy by more than 50%. 相似文献
2.
即使采用分辨率很高的双曲Radon变换,对速度各向异性发育介质及长偏移距情况下的地震数据,其Radon域内能量仍不收敛.为了克服此难题,我们在Radon变换的积分路径中考虑了非双曲走时的影响,通过引入非双曲时差公式中的各向异性非椭圆率η参数,可以准确描述出长偏移距条件下来自同一层位的时距曲线,并推导了由偏移距、慢度、非椭圆率三参数控制的积分曲线正反变换公式,我们称之为各向异性Radon变换.离散化求解时,各向异性Radon变换是时变的,频率域快速算法已不适用,本文采用了最优相似系数加权Gauss-Seidel迭代算法,保持其计算精度的同时也有较高的计算效率.将此方法应用在模型数据以及实际长偏移距海上地震数据的多次波压制处理中,收到了较好的处理效果. 相似文献
3.
多次波偏移中的假象主要来自于不同地震事件之间的互相关,由于这种互相关满足成像条件,很难直接在偏移过程中去除.但是对于准确的速度模型,真实的成像结果在角度域内应该是平直的.根据这个判断准则,可以在角度域内移除多次波偏移中的假象.本文以数据自相关偏移为例,提出了在单程波多次波偏移中移除假象的主要流程:首先在在单程波偏移过程中高效地提取角度域共成像点道集,然后对角度域共成像点道集应用高分辨率的抛物线型Radon变换,用合适的切除函数处理后,反变换回到角度域,最后叠加各个角度成分,得到偏移结果.Marmousi模型的合成数据测试表明,这种方法可以很好地压制多次波偏移过程中产生的假象,有效地提高成像结果的信噪比. 相似文献
4.
We present the chain of time‐reverse modeling, image space wavefield decomposition and several imaging conditions as a migration‐like algorithm called time‐reverse imaging. The algorithm locates subsurface sources in passive seismic data and diffractors in active data. We use elastic propagators to capitalize on the full waveforms available in multicomponent data, although an acoustic example is presented as well. For the elastic case, we perform wavefield decomposition in the image domain with spatial derivatives to calculate P and S potentials. To locate sources, the time axis is collapsed by extracting the zero‐lag of auto and cross‐correlations to return images in physical space. The impulse response of the algorithm is very dependent on acquisition geometry and needs to be evaluated with point sources before processing field data. Band‐limited data processed with these techniques image the radiation pattern of the source rather than just the location. We present several imaging conditions but we imagine others could be designed to investigate specific hypotheses concerning the nature of the source mechanism. We illustrate the flexible technique with synthetic 2D passive data examples and surface acquisition geometry specifically designed to investigate tremor type signals that are not easily identified or interpreted in the time domain. 相似文献
5.
The optimal fractional Gabor transform based on the adaptive window function and its application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We designed the window function of the optimal Gabor transform based on the time-frequency rotation property of the fractional Fourier transform. Thus, we obtained the adaptive optimal Gabor transform in the fractional domain and improved the time-frequency concentration of the Gabor transform. The algorithm first searches for the optimal rotation factor, then performs the p-th FrFT of the signal and, finally, performs time and frequency analysis of the FrFT result. Finally, the algorithm rotates the plane in the fractional domain back to the normal time-frequency plane. This promotes the application of FrFT in the field of high-resolution reservoir prediction. Additionally, we proposed an adaptive search method for the optimal rotation factor using the Parseval principle in the fractional domain, which simplifies the algorithm. We carried out spectrum decomposition of the seismic signal, which showed that the instantaneous frequency slices obtained by the proposed algorithm are superior to the ones obtained by the traditional Gabor transform. The adaptive time frequency analysis is of great significance to seismic signal processing. 相似文献
6.
在深反射地震资料处理中,当来自深部的有效弱信号和噪声干扰频带差异较小且难以区分时,传统滤波方法的应用会受到限制.谱分解方法是一种使用离散傅里叶变换,基于信号的频率-振幅谱等信息生成高分辨率地震图像的方法,通常用来识别介质物性横向分布特征,处理复杂介质内频谱变化和局部相位的不稳定性等问题,包括定位复杂断层和小尺度断裂等.S变换作为一种新的时频分析方法,具有自动调节分辨率的能力,近些年来被广泛应用到勘探地震、大地电磁等数据处理中,逐渐成为地球物理方法中噪声压制的有效方法之一.与常规石油反射地震资料相比,深反射主动源地震为了探测深部结构信息,常采用大药量激发方式、长排列观测系统等,导致深部有效信号基本湮灭在噪声干扰之中.针对深反射数据特点,本文结合谱分解和S变换技术,首先设计了简单的脉冲函数实验数据,证实S变换方法的有效性,同时说明谱分解方法的效果受所用时频分析方法影响较大,而其中决定分辨能力的变换窗函数的选取尤为重要.在此基础上,分别应用到深反射地震资料的单道和叠加剖面实际数据上,对比分析了传统变换谱分解和S变换谱分解的应用效果,单道资料对比结果表明:相比传统谱分解,S变换谱分解方法具有自动调节分辨率的能力,能够精确的标定深反射地震资料中弱信号不同时刻的频率分量;叠加剖面资料应用结果表明:由S变换谱分解得到的剖面结果与其他谱分解方法结果整体上具有较高的一致性,同时清晰地刻画出原叠加剖面上被噪声湮灭的低频细节特征,提高了剖面的分辨率及同相轴连续性;对比结果明显看出,Gabor变换谱分解方法得到的结果同相轴较为破碎,分析原因认为这是由Gabor变换的时频分解方法的定长窗函数所致,窗口大小不会随着信号频率的变化来调节长度,只能在处理的过程中根据一定的记录长度范围选取窗函数参数,而S变换谱分解方法在窗函数的选取时,通过时变信号的局部频率特征自动调节窗口长度,能够更好的刻画各个频段的细节特征,在深反射剖面成像应用中效果尤为明显.本文结果表明S变换谱分解技术在深地震叠加剖面上的应用有效地提高了来自深部弱反射信号的信噪比和分辨率,并刻画出了叠加剖面上所不具有的低频细节特征,在实际深反射地震资料处理中能有效保护低频弱信号获得更好的成像效果.本文为深地震反射资料中弱信号的保护处理找到一种有效的方法. 相似文献
7.
We introduce the signal dependent time–frequency distribution, which is a time–frequency distribution that allows the user to optimize the tradeoff between joint time–frequency resolution and suppression of transform artefacts. The signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution, as well as the short‐time Fourier transform, Stockwell transform, and the Fourier transform are analysed for their ability to estimate the spectrum of a known wavelet used in a tuning wedge model. Next, the signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution, and fixed‐ and variable‐window transforms are used to estimate spectra from a zero‐offset synthetic seismogram. Attenuation is estimated from the associated spectral ratio curves, and the accuracy of the results is compared. The synthetic consisted of six pairs of strong reflections, based on real well‐log data, with a modeled intrinsic attenuation value of 1000/Q = 20. The signal‐dependent time–frequency distribution was the only time–frequency transform found to produce spectra that estimated consistent attenuation values, with an average of 1000/Q = 26±2; results from the fixed‐ and variable‐window transforms were 24±17 and 39±10, respectively. Finally, all three time–frequency transforms were used in a pre‐stack attenuation estimation method (the pre‐stack Q inversion algorithm) applied to a gather from a North Sea seismic dataset, to estimate attenuation between nine different strong reflections. In this case, the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution produced spectra more consistent with the constant‐Q model of attenuation assumed in the pre‐stack attenuation estimation algorithm: the average L1 residuals of the spectral ratio surfaces from the theoretical constant‐Q expectation for the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution, short‐time Fourier transform, and Stockwell transform were 0.12, 0.21, and 0.33, respectively. Based on the results shown, the signal‐dependent time‐frequency distribution is a time–frequency distribution that can provide more accurate and precise estimations of the amplitude spectrum of a reflection, due to a higher attainable time–frequency resolution. 相似文献
8.
对稀疏/非规则采样或者低信噪比数据,射线束提取困难并伴随有假频产生,对叠加剖面和道集造成严重干扰.为了提升射线束偏移在稀疏和低信噪比地震数据采集中的成像效果,本文提出基于三角滤波的局部倾斜叠加波束形成偏移假频压制方法.射线束偏移首先将地震数据划分为超道集,经过部分NMO后转化为以射线束中心定义的共偏移距数据,倾斜叠加和反假频操作均在局部共中心点坐标上实现.时间域倾斜叠加是对地震数据的时移累加操作,三角低通滤波同样可以在时间域完成,在对地震数据进行因果和反因果积分后,亦为地震数据的时移累加.因此,三角低通滤波与倾斜叠加可在时间域结合同时完成,避免了频域滤波的正反傅里叶变换.本文在反假频公式中加入权重系数,用以对反假频的程度进行控制,达到分辨率和噪声压制的最佳折衷.以某海上三维实际数据为例,文中展示了反假频射线束形成对偏移叠加剖面和共成像点偏移距道集中的噪声进行了有效压制. 相似文献
9.
为在去除多次波时有效保护地震一次反射波数据的AVO现象,给后续反演、解释提供准确的地震数据,本文提出了一种基于保幅拉东变换的多次波衰减方法,该方法是对常规抛物拉东变换的修改,把常规的稀疏拉东变换在拉东域分成两部分：一部分用于模拟零偏移距处的反射波能量,增加的另一部分用于模拟反射波振幅的AVO特性.该方法不仅考虑了反射波同相轴的形状,还考虑了反射波同相轴振幅幅度的变化,从而可把反射波信息进行有效转换,进而有利于多次波的消除,更好地恢复有效波的能量.在把地震数据由时间域转换到拉东域时,本文采用了IRLS算法实现保幅拉东算子的反演.模型数据和实际地震道集的试算分析表明,与常规拉东变换相比,保幅拉东变换在去除多次波的同时可有效保护一次反射波的AVO现象. 相似文献
10.
针对Cole-Cole频散介质中的复介电常数是jω的分数次幂函数,传统的时域有限元法难以离散及计算时间域分数阶导数,本文采用Pade逼近算法将含有时间分数阶导数的Cole-Cole频散介质电磁波方程推导为一组整数阶辅助微分方程,提出了一种适用于Cole-Cole频散介质的GPR有限元正演模拟算法.在复数伸展坐标系下,通过在频率域Cole-Cole频散介质电磁波方程中引入2个中间变量,并将其变换到时间域,从而以变分形式将PML边界条件加载到Cole-Cole频散介质GPR有限元方程组中,并给出了详细的求解公式.在此基础上,编制了基于Pade逼近的Cole-Cole频散介质GPR有限元正演程序,利用该程序对均匀模型进行计算,并与解析解进行对比,验证了本文构建的GPR有限元正演算法的正确性和有效性.设计了一个复杂Cole-Cole频散介质GPR模型,利用本文构建的GPR有限元正演算法进行模拟并与非频散介质模型的模拟结果进行对比,分析了电磁波在Cole-Cole频散介质中传播衰减增强、子波延伸,分辨率降低等传播规律,有助于实测雷达资料更可靠、更准确的解释.模拟结果表明,基于Pade逼近的GPR有限元正演算法可用于复杂Cole-Cole频散介质结构模拟,且具有较高的计算精度. 相似文献
11.
12.
—An algorithm has been developed to compute the dispersive and dissipative seismic response using FUTTERMAN’S (1962) third attenuation-dispersion relationship. In the computation, frequency-dependent velocity and quality factor Q have been used but in the case of the nondispersive synthetic seismogram, frequency-independent velocity has been used. The model’s parameters are density, phase velocity, quality factors and thicknesses of the layers. Dispersive and nondispersive synthetic seismograms have been computed with and without absorption for a layered earth geological model. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique has been adopted for converting the frequency domain response into the time domain. The frequency spacing, Δf = 0.976?Hz, has been considered to avoid the aliasing effect. The results have revealed changes in the reflected waveforms in the frequency domain as well as in the time domain for absorption and dispersion cases. It is also concluded that dispersion reduces the arrival time and this effect is increasing with the travel time. The effect of constant Q on the seismic response has also been studied. 相似文献
13.
在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震中,四川数字强震台网共获取了133组三分向加速度记录. 本文选取了一些不同断层距的台站所获取的强震动记录进行了处理和分析．在数据处理中,采用基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）提取信号时频特性的方法,有效获得了信号能量的时频分布,提取了中心频率、 Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频等特性,并与傅里叶变换、小波变换进行了对比研究．研究结果表明, 对非线性的强震记录采用聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）能抑制经验模态分解（EMD）中存在的模态混叠问题;与傅里叶变换和小波变换相比发现, HHT边际谱在低频处幅值高于傅里叶谱;与小波变换受到所选取的母波强烈影响不同, HHT直接从强震记录中分离出固有模态函数（IMF）,更能反映出原始数据的固有特性, Hilbert谱反映出大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,而小波谱的能量却在频率范围内分布较为广泛．因此,基于EEMD的HHT在客观性和分辨率方面都具有明显的优越性,能提取到更多强震加速度记录的时频特性． 相似文献
14.
Improving the gradient of the image‐domain objective function using quantitative migration for a more robust migration velocity analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mark Noble 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):391-404
Migration velocity analysis aims at determining the background velocity model. Classical artefacts, such as migration smiles, are observed on subsurface offset common image gathers, due to spatial and frequency data limitations. We analyse their impact on the differential semblance functional and on its gradient with respect to the model. In particular, the differential semblance functional is not necessarily minimum at the expected value. Tapers are classically applied on common image gathers to partly reduce these artefacts. Here, we first observe that the migrated image can be defined as the first gradient of an objective function formulated in the data‐domain. For an automatic and more robust formulation, we introduce a weight in the original data‐domain objective function. The weight is determined such that the Hessian resembles a Dirac function. In that way, we extend quantitative migration to the subsurface‐offset domain. This is an automatic way to compensate for illumination. We analyse the modified scheme on a very simple 2D case and on a more complex velocity model to show how migration velocity analysis becomes more robust. 相似文献
15.
Survey sinking migration downward continues the entire surface observed multi‐shot data to the subsurface step by step recursively. Reflected energy from reflectors at current depth appear at zero time and zero offset in the extrapolated wavefield. The data (seismic records) of t > 0 at this depth are equivalent to the data acquired by a survey system deployed at this depth. This is the reason to name the process ‘survey sinking’. The records of negative time need not to be further propagated since they carry no information to image structures beneath the new survey system. In this paper, we combine survey sinking with dreamlet migration. The dreamlet migration method decomposes the seismic wavefield and one‐way wave propagator by complete time‐space localized bases. The localization on time gives flexibility on time‐varying operations during depth extrapolation. In dreamlet survey sinking migration, it only keeps the data for imaging the structures beneath the sunk survey system and gets rid of the data already used to image structures above it. The deeper the depth is, the shorter is the valid time records of the remaining data and less computation is needed for one depth step continuation. For data decomposition, in addition to time axis, dreamlet survey sinking also decomposes the data for source and receiver gathers, which is a fully localized decomposition of prestack seismic data. A three‐scatter model is first used to demonstrate the computational feature and principle of this method. Tests on the two‐dimensional SEG/EAGE salt model show that with reduced data sets the proposed method can still obtain good imaging quality on complex geology structures and a strong velocity contrast environment. 相似文献
16.
Ground roll attenuation using the S and x-f-k transforms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ground roll, which is characterized by low frequency and high amplitude, is an old seismic data processing problem in land‐based seismic acquisition. Common techniques for ground roll attenuation are frequency filtering, f‐k or velocity filtering and a type of f‐k filtering based on the time‐offset windowed Fourier transform. These techniques assume that the seismic signal is stationary. In this study we utilized the S, x‐f‐k and t‐f‐k transforms as alternative methods to the Fourier transform. The S transform is a type of time‐frequency transform that provides frequency‐dependent resolution while maintaining a direct relationship with the Fourier spectrum. Application of a filter based on the S transform to land seismic shot records attenuates ground roll in a time‐frequency domain. The t‐f‐k and x‐f‐k transforms are approaches to localize the apparent velocity panel of a seismic record in time and offset domains, respectively. These transforms provide a convenient way to define offset or time‐varying reject zones on the separate f‐k panel at different offsets or times. 相似文献
17.
The τ-p transform is an invertible transformation of seismic shot records expressed as a function of time and offset into the τ (intercept time) and p (ray parameter) domain. The τ-p transform is derived from the solution of the wave equation for a point source in a three-dimensional, vertically non-homogeneous medium and therefore is a true amplitude process for the assumed model. The main advantage of this transformation is to present a point source shot record as a series of plane wave experiments. The asymptotic expansion of this transformation is found to be useful in reflection seismic data processing. The τ-p and frequency-wavenumber (or f-k) processes are closely related. Indeed, the τ-p process embodies the frequency-wavenumber transformation, so the use of this technique suffers the same limitations as the f-k technique. In particular, the wavefield must be sampled with sufficient spatial density to avoid wavenumber aliasing. The computation of this transform and its inverse transform consists of a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform followed by an interpolation, then by an inverse-time Fast Fourier Transform. This technique is extended from a vertically inhomogeneous three-dimensional medium to a vertically and laterally inhomogeneous three-dimensional medium. The τ-p transform may create artifacts (truncation and aliasing effects) which can be reduced by a finer spatial density of geophone groups by a balancing of the seismic data and by a tapering of the extremities of the seismic data. The τ-p domain is used as a temporary domain where the attack of coherent noise is well addressed; this technique can be viewed as ‘time-variant f-k filtering’. In addition, the process of deconvolution and multiple suppression in the τ-p domain is at least as well addressed as in the time-offset domain. 相似文献
18.
介绍短时傅里叶变换,分析地震计正弦标定信号的特点,提出基于时间域和频率域联合分析正弦标定波形组起始点的方法,可以准确找出每组正弦标定信号的频率和振幅,计算地震计的速度响应灵敏度。 相似文献
19.
A method to identify the P-arrival of microseismic signals is proposed in this work, based on the algorithm of intrinsic timescale decomposition (ITD). Using the results of ITD decomposition of observed data, information of instantaneous amplitude and frequency can be determined. The improved ratio function of short-time average over long-time average and the information of instantaneous frequency are applied to the time-frequency-energy denoised signal for picking the P-arrival of the microseismic signal. We compared the proposed method with the wavelet transform method based on the denoised signal resulting from the best basis wavelet packet transform and the single-scale reconstruction of the wavelet transform. The comparison results showed that the new method is more effective and reliable for identifying P-arrivals of microseismic signals. 相似文献
20.
In land seismic surveys spectrum equalization can increase the quality of seismic data in a selected frequency band. The power of lower frequencies in the spectrum of input traces is generally greater than that of higher frequencies, particularly in land seismic surveys because of ground roll. In order to improve the quality of seismic data it is necessary to raise the energy of higher frequencies to the same level as that of lower frequencies, without alteration of the phases. The first step of the method is to compute the amplitude spectrum of each input trace to determine a weighting function which is then applied to the amplitude spectrum in order to balance it. The function is the inverse of the short wavelength variation of the amplitude spectrum. The short wavelength variation can be obtained by interpolation between average values of the modulus of the amplitude spectrum computed in narrow bands within a selected band of frequencies. Another way of obtaining the short wavelength variation is to apply a low-pass filter to the amplitude spectrum. The calculations are readily performed in the frequency domain by the Fourier transform. Spectrum equalization is automatically adjusted to each trace and does not modify the average amplitude in the time domain. However, as the frequency band and energy of the ground roll both vary according to the distance from the shot, spectrum equalization tends to make the spectrum of output traces independent of the offset distance. The use of spectrum equalization before any two-dimensional filtering improves ground roll elimination. Continuity and resolution of horizons are also increased by spectrum equalization before CDP stack. Several examples of applications of spectrum equalization to seismic land and marine surveys are shown. 相似文献