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目前,完全的3D弹性波数值模拟计算仍然需要庞大的计算资源,而2D弹性波数值模拟,又不能准确地近似3D数值模拟.因此,本文在较高数值精度的一阶应力一速度弹性波动方程的基础上,采用时间错格差分拟谱方法在2D模型介质中计算3D弹性波场,即2.5D数值模拟.并将3D计算结果与2.5D和2D结果进行比较,发现2.5D模拟结果在波场形态和振幅方面比2D模拟结果更接近3D模拟结果,从而证实了2.5D数值模拟比2D数值模拟可以更好地近似3D波场数值模拟,同时证实了时间错格差分拟谱方法是一种高精度、高效率的正演模拟方法. 相似文献
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提出了求解波动方程的四阶龙格-库塔方法的一种改进算法.首先将原四阶龙格-库塔方法合并为两级格式, 然后在第一级中引入加权参数以获得加权算法. 针对这种改进方法,研究了它的稳定性条件; 对一维问题导出了频散关系, 给出了数值频散结果,并与四阶的 Lax-Wendroff (LWC) 方法和位移-应力交错网格方法进行了对比; 对二维问题, 使用我们的改进方法、四阶LWC和交错网格三种方法进行了声波波场模拟, 并进行了计算效率分析和不同方法计算结果的比较; 最后选取两个层状介质模型进行了声波和弹性波波场模拟. 数值结果表明,本文的改进方法具有非常弱的数值频散和高的计算效率, 是一种在地震勘探领域具有巨大应用潜力的数值方法. 相似文献
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利用结构力学与最优控制的模拟理论,研究弹性波在层状介质中传播的数值计算方法. 将弹性波传播问题导向哈密顿(Hamilton)体系,在哈密顿体系中,推导出一种新的半解析单元,称之为动力-部分杂交元,由此导出一套哈密顿体系下的半解析数值计算方法. 本文给出了该方法在层状正交各向异性材料介质的弹性波传播问题的数值算例,分析了一定频率的弹性波在层状介质中传播时的位移、应力的模式. 计算结果展现了Hamilton体系和辛几何在弹性波传播问题研究的应用前景. 相似文献
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为分析数值模式动力学框架中不同波动的特性及对数值天气预报模式计算稳定性的影响,文章对GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）全球非静力大气模式进行了正规模分析.首先,建立了静止大气状态下模式的线性化系统,并在适当的边界条件下将线性化系统分解成具有垂直与水平结构方程的本征值、本征函数耦合问题.然后在等温大气条件下,利用耦合问题的数值结果分析得出：GRAPES非静力模式除了有几乎和对应的静力模式一致的向东、向西传播的重力惯性波及向西传播的Rossby波外,还有一个向东、向西传播的声惯性波;特别是,只有当纵横比较大时,非静力模式对重力惯性波才会有显著影响. 相似文献
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水平层状海洋-地球模型中地震面波振型解 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了一种求解水平层状海洋-地球模型中面波振型问题的新算法. 这种算法具有理论上的简洁和计算上高效特性以及在高频情况下数值计算上的稳定性, 从而彻底消除了在高频情况下数值计算上的精度失真问题, 为研究海洋-地球模型中面波传播及相关问题提供了一个有力的工具. 相似文献
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本文研究了二维多孔弹性波方程的多尺度波场数值模拟方法.该多尺度方法可采用较粗的网格计算,同时又能反映细尺度上物性参数的变化信息.文中详细阐述了多尺度模拟方法与算法,并推导了相应的计算格式.基本思想是建立粗细两套网格,在粗网格上,基于有限体积方法计算更新波场;在细网格上,计算多尺度基函数,这基于有限元方法通过求解一个局部化问题得到.对含有随机分布散射体的多孔介质模型进行了数值计算,计算中应用了完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件,数值结果验证了本文方法和算法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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正演计算是反演研究的基础,为了实现基于三维弹性波方程的全波形反演成像,发展准确、高效、低数值频散的三维正演模拟方法至关重要.为此,本文将修正保辛分部龙格-库塔格式与优化有限差分算子结合,发展了用于数值求解三维弹性波方程的修正时空优化保辛方法(MTSOS).新方法使用二级龙格-库塔格式达到了三阶时间精度,且更适用于求解非均匀介质情况下的弹性波方程,数值频散误差小于同精度保辛分部龙格-库塔(SPRK)方法的误差,提高了计算精度.波场模拟结果表明,三维MTSOS方法可以精确给出数值模拟结果,能够清晰模拟地震波传播过程中产生的各种震相、有效压制数值频散. 相似文献
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本文基于声波方程的哈密尔顿系统,构造了一种新的保辛数值格式,简称NSPRK方法.该方法在时间上采用二阶辛可分Runge-Kutta方法,空间上采用近似解析离散算子进行离散逼近.针对本文发展的新方法,我们给出了NSPRK方法在一维和二维情况下的稳定性条件、一维数值频散关系以及二维数值误差,并在计算效率方面与传统辛格式和四阶LWC方法进行了比较.最后,我们将本文方法应用于声波在三层各向同性介质和异常体模型中的波传播数值模拟.数值结果表明,本文发展的NSPRK方法能有效压制粗网格或具有强间断情况下数值方法所存在的数值频散,从而极大地提高了计算效率,节省了计算机内存. 相似文献
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波动方程数值模拟方法是研究地震波场传播的一种重要手段,本文采用交错网格高阶有限差分方法分别对双程声波方程和双程弹性波方程进行了波场数值模拟,并且根据定位原理采用傅立叶有限差分算子进行了单程波方程数值模拟,在分析定位原理的基础上,对其计算过程稍作修改,将延拓到地面的波场直接由每个检波点接收,无需横向叠加过程,得到了单程声波方程共炮记录.基于不同波动方程的数值模拟结果表明,双程波方程结果包含直达波、多次波等干扰波,信噪比低;单程波数值模拟结果只包含了介质分界面的一次反射波,信噪比高,但对于大角度入射波误差较大,并且对于同一个地质模型而言,双程弹性波方程计算速度最慢,双程声波方程次之,单程声波方程计算速度最快.因此对于复杂地质模型,三种模拟方法可以取长补短,综合应用. 相似文献
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基于大气边界层动量、感热和水汽通量的基本方程,定量地计算了波动海面的动量、感热和水汽通量。首先,应用Prandtl的混合长概念,推导出贴海面大气层中风速、位温和比湿的涡动交换率及其贴海面层厚度,并且证明了波面上位温或比湿贴海面层厚度与速度贴海面层厚度的比值,和平面上的相应比值完全相等。随后,利用空气动力学理论讨论了贴海面动量、感热和水汽输送的参数化问题。最后,对现有五种理论模式进行了比较说明。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(10)
A sea spray generation function(SSGF)for bubble-derived droplets that takes into account the impact of wave state on whitecap coverage was presented in this study.By combining the new SSGF with a previous wave-state-dependent SSGF for spume droplets,an SSGF applicable to both bubble-derived and spume droplets that includes the impacts of wave state was obtained.The produced SSGF varies with surface wind as well as with wave development.As sea surface wind increases,more sea spray droplets are produced,resulting in larger SSGFs and volume fluxes.Meanwhile,under the same wind conditions,the SSGF is mediated by wave state,with larger SSGFs corresponding to older waves and larger windsea Reynolds numbers.The impact of wave state on sea spray heat flux was then estimated by applying this SSGF while considering the thermodynamic feedback process.Under given atmospheric and oceanic conditions,the estimated sea spray heat flux increases with wind speed,wave age,and windsea Reynolds number. 相似文献
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N. K. Shelkovnikov 《Water Resources》2014,41(4):406-411
A soliton mechanism of formation of rogue waves in the sea is considered. With this in view, a series of experiments was carried out in a ring aerohydrocanal. It was shown that, in the case of long waves (shallow water), a soliton may form under the effect of wind. With increasing wind velocity and decreasing liquid depth, the height of the soliton increases and its forward profile becomes steeper. The result is the formation of a bore. In a sea, such process of wind wave development can lead to the formation of rogue or freak waves. Measurements in the Setun R. have shown that the height of the rings induced by throwing a body into water always decreased in the field of counter flow. 相似文献
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A model for the air–sea interface, based on the coupled pair of similarity relations for “aerodynamically” rough flow in both
fluids, is presented, which is applied to fetch-limited and high wind speed conditions which occur, for example, in hurricanes.
It is shown that the specification of the maximum 10-m drag coefficient and the 10-m wind speed and the peak wave speed at
which it occurs are sufficient to uniquely determine the drag law, which asymptotes at low wind speeds to a Charnock constant
similar to that for the fully developed wind wave sea and is almost independent of the peak wave speed at the maximum in drag
coefficient. A feature of the drag law is that it is of Charnock form, almost independent of the wave age, consistent with
the transfer of momentum to the wave spectrum being due to the smaller rather than the dominant wavelengths. The analysis
is also applied to a variable sea state in which either the surface wind or the surface Stokes drift vary, but the peak wave
speed is kept constant. The corresponding variability in the Charnock constant is in general accord with observations. 相似文献
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Takehiko Nose Adrean Webb Takuji Waseda Jun Inoue Kazutoshi Sato 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(10):1383-1402
A predictability study on wave forecast of the Arctic Ocean is necessary to help identify hazardous areas and ensure sustainable shipping along the trans-Arctic routes. To assist with validation of the Arctic Ocean wave model, two drifting wave buoys were deployed off Point Barrow, Alaska for two months in September 2016. Both buoys measured significant wave heights exceeding 4 m during two different storm events on 19 September and 22 October. The NOAA-WAVEWATCH III? model with 16-km resolution was forced using wind and sea ice reanalysis data and obtained general agreement with the observation. The September storm was reproduced well; however, model accuracy deteriorated in October with a negative wave height bias of around 1 m during the October storm. Utilising reanalysis data, including the most up-to-date ERA5, this study investigated the cause: grid resolution, wind and ice forcing, and in situ sea level pressure observations assimilated for reanalysis. The analysis has found that there is a 20% reduction of in situ SLP observations in the area of interest, presumably due to fewer ships and deployment options during the sea ice advance period. The 63-member atmospheric ensemble reanalysis, ALERA2, has shown that this led to a larger ensemble spread in the October monthly mean wind field compared to September. Since atmospheric physics is complex during sea ice advance, it is speculated that the elevated uncertainty of synoptic-scale wind caused the negative wave model bias. This has implications for wave hindcasts and forecasts in the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
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Conclusion The status of various results on the determination of the appropriate family of theoretical wave spectra to describe wind generated seas and the status of various wave forecasting methods have been reviewed. The spectra of Neumann appear to describe the sea more accurately than other theoretical spectra and the wave forecasting methods of Pierson, Neumann and James appear to be the most nearly correct for the widest variety of possible wave and weather situations. 相似文献
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地震前孕震区弹性参数发生变化,从而导致地震波速变化.本文根据波速异常现象并利用负荷潮汐研究结果,估算了中国沿海某些地区在孕育一次七级地震时 M2负荷潮汐所引起的重力和倾斜的变化.发现重力变化甚微,倾斜变化可观.建议在确定地震重点区的沿海进行一些倾斜潮汐观测. 相似文献
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The impact of the gustiness on surface waves under storm conditions is investigated with focus on the appearance of wave groups with extreme high amplitude and wavelength in the North Sea. During many storms characterized by extremely high individual waves measured near the German coast, especially in cold air outbreaks, the moving atmospheric open cells are observed by optical and radar satellites. According to measurements, the footprint of the cell produces a local increase in the wind field at sea surface, moving as a consistent system with a propagation speed near to swell wave-traveling speed. The optical and microwave satellite data are used to connect mesoscale atmospheric turbulences and the extreme waves measured. The parameters of open cells observed are used for numerical spectral wave modeling. The North Sea with horizontal resolution of 2.5?km and with focus on the German Bight was simulated. The wind field “storm in storm,” including moving organized mesoscale eddies with increased wind speed, was generated. To take into account the rapid moving gust structure, the input wind field was updated each 5?min. The test cases idealized with one, two, and four open individual cells and, respectively, with groups of open cells, with and without preexisting sea state, as well the real storm conditions, are simulated. The model results confirm that an individual-moving open cell can cause the local significant wave height increase in order of meters within the cell area and especially in a narrow area of 1–2?km at the footprint center of a cell (the cell's diameter is 40–90?km). In a case of a traveling individual open cell with 15?m·s?1 over a sea surface with a preexisting wind sea of and swell, a local significant wave height increase of 3.5?m is produced. A group of cells for a real storm condition produces a local increase of significant wave height of more than 6?m during a short time window of 10–20?min (cell passing). The sea surface simulation from modeled wave spectra points out the appearance of wave groups including extreme individual waves with a period of about 25?s and a wavelength of more than 350?m under the cell's footprint. This corresponds well with measurement of a rogue wave group with length of about 400?m and a period of near 25?s. This has been registered at FiNO-1 research platform in the North Sea during Britta storm on November 1, 2006 at 04:00 UTC. The results can explain the appearance of rogue waves in the German Bight and can be used for ship safety and coastal protection. Presently, the considered mesoscale gustiness cannot be incorporated in present operational wave forecasting systems, since it needs an update of the wind field at spatial and temporal scales, which is still not available for such applications. However, the scenario simulations for cell structures with appropriate travel speed, observed by optical and radar satellites, can be done and applied for warning messages. 相似文献