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一、前言 原子吸收分光光度法已发展成为重要的痕量元素分析手段之一。高温石墨炉原子吸收法具有原子化效率高,取样量少,绝对灵敏度高,操作简便等优点,已被广泛应用于环境监测、临床化学、生物样品、超纯金属及海水中痕量元素的测定。由于石墨炉原子吸收的干扰比火焰原子吸收严重,特别是海水样品基体成分复杂,干扰尤为明显。因此,在测定前必 相似文献
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前言原子吸收分光光度法测定砷有火焰法和无火焰法。火焰法灵敏度低;无火焰法灵敏度高,但是干扰严重。通过化学转变As—AsH_3,称之为氢化物法,已发展成为一个重要分支。原子吸收——氢化物法,近年发展很快,以往此法需要载气,自郭小伟提出“双毛细管”方法后,出现了无载气火焰氢化物法。本文采用一种无载气简易氢化物发生器,以空气——乙炔火焰测定地面水中的砷,灵敏度是0.0019μg/ml,比火焰原子吸收(溶液)方法的灵敏度提高了100倍。本法仪器结构简单,操作简便,灵敏快速,干扰少,易于推广。可在不预先富集水样的条件下,监测地面水中的砷含量是否超标。水样经过适当富集,可准确测定水体中的微量砷。 相似文献
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一、前言 铜、锌是海洋环境监测重要项目之一。对海洋生物中铜、锌的测定,一般采用比色法和原子吸收法。但由于海洋生物样品基体复杂,待测元素含量变化较大,往往需要分离富集,同时取样量大,操作繁琐费时,容易沾污。为寻找一种较为简便的分析方法,本文在前人的基础上,提出用硝酸-过氧化氢湿法消解样品,火焰原子吸收法直接测定海洋生物中铜、锌,使操作大为简化,也减少了在操作过程中的沾污。本方法应用于海洋生物中铜、锌 相似文献
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海洋沉积物和悬浮物样品基体组成十分复杂,而待测元素在样品中的含量也相差甚远,这给分析工作带来了一定的困难.石墨炉原子吸收法虽然具有灵敏度高,取样量少等优点,但存在着严重基体干扰[1-2].因此很多作者不得不采用费时的分离手段或标准加入法进行测定.本文应用自制简易石墨平台和基体改进技术以及峰面积测量相结合,直接测定了海洋沉积物和悬浮物中的镉、铅、铜.方法有效地消除了普遍石墨炉原子吸收测定法分析镉、铅时所遇到的基体干扰,使标准加入法曲线与标准工作曲线的斜率比接近1.0.方法简便快速,稳定可靠。 相似文献
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目的：对六个不同产地代赭石进入旋覆代赭汤方剂前后的铁元素含量变化进行分析讨论。方法：运用滴定分析法测定不同产地代赭石煎出液和加入不同产地代赭石的旋覆代赭汤中有效成分的铁元素含量;建立测定样品中铁元素火焰原子吸收光谱法的最佳实验条件,并测其含量;利用紫外分光光度法,对产地不同的代赭石及其加入旋覆代赭汤前后铁元素含量变化进行分析。结果：滴定分析法测得不同样品中的铁元素含量有所差异;火焰原子吸收光谱法测得不同产地代赭石及其进入经方前后铁元素含量均有不同程度的变化;紫外光谱结果显示13个待测样品均在510 nm处有不同强度的吸收峰。结论：不同产地的代赭石及其加入经方前后铁元素含量均有变化,紫外光谱显示不同样品的吸光度不同,铁元素含量亦不同。 相似文献
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本文报道了应用石英管原子捕集火焰原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铅的测定效果,共存离子的干扰与消除,给出了方法的精密度、回收率及同石墨炉原子吸收法的比测结果。 相似文献
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用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中的锂时,锂在火焰中的原子化与火焰的氧化性和还原性及其结构、温度分布、流体动力学和热化学反应等因素密切相关,当乙炔速率、空气速率和火焰高度改变时,上述因素都将随之改变,而且在乙炔速率-空气速率-火焰高度-吸光度间的多维关系中存在着较强的交互作用。文献[1,2]曾用二维表法研究了包括火焰原子吸收法测定锂的最佳条件,这种优选方法考虑了因素间的交互作用,但只适用于两个变量的场合,而且实验次数较多。本文提出在计算机上用simplex程序选择火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海水中锂的最佳条件,不受变量维数的限制,简便、快速,只要较少的实 相似文献
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一、前言 目前测定沉积物样品中的铬有比色法、气相色谱法、火焰原子吸收法。这些方法中有的操作比较麻烦,有的灵敏度偏低,而且都只能测定沉积物中总铬。石墨炉原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中的铬,也是测定总铬,而且根据“规范”要求只测对生物有效态部分。本试验在测定沉积物总铬方法的基础上作了改进,对用Mg(NO_3)_2和抗坏血酸作基体改进剂作 相似文献
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一、前言 测定海洋沉积物中的铜已有许多报导,然而这些方法都是测定沉积物中铜的总量。双硫腙-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收测定铜,虽是测定沉积物中生物有效态铜的方法,并已被编入《海洋污染调查暂行规范补充规定》中,但该法因使用分离富集等萃取步骤,操作比较麻烦,同时也会增加沾污的可能性。本方法用灵敏度较高的石墨炉原子吸收法,直接测定海洋沉积物中生物有效态部分的铜,方法简便、快速、准确。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献