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1.
遥感影像中分区分类法及在新疆北部植被分类中的应用 总被引：20，自引：8，他引：20
对遥感影像提出了一种分区分类的思想，根据影像所包含的局部特征将整体影像化为几个局部的影像，然后根据局部影像的特点对图像进行分类,使得每一区域的种类数目相对于整体减少，种类的特点得以突出，分类更具有针对性,再加以高程、坡度等地貌信息，提高分类精度。该分类法在新疆北部的植被分类中得到了应用，从NOAA影像中提出的NDVI为数据源，根据该植被区域特点，将研究区的植被区域划分为四个区，即：新疆阿勒泰草原区、昭苏区、西准噶尔区和东天山区。利用GIS软件将整个研究区的NDVI指数图像化分为四块子图，根据各个区域植被的特点，采用不同的分类标准,对四块子图分类。在此之后，再利用GIS软件将所有分类子图合并为整个区域的分类图。结果表明，该类方法可以大大提高NDVI指数的植被分类精度。 相似文献
2.
地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下的山地环境梯度分析方法研究* 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
文章提出了一种地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下的环境梯度分析方法。应用该方法可将研究区域的TM遥感影像经遥感图像处理和分类得到该地区的植被类型分布图,充分应用地理信息系统强大的空间信息管理和分析功能,将各环境因子分布图分别与植被类型分布图进行叠加分析得到各种植被类型与各环境因子关系的向量表达式,进而建立符合环境梯度分布的植被空间分布模型。在此基础上,综合各环境因子分布图与植被类型分布图进行叠加分析和植被群落空间分布制图。该方法曾应用于贺兰山环境梯度分析并得到较满意的结果。 相似文献
3.
G. GRAY TAPPAN DONALD G. MOORE WALTER I. KNAUSENBERGER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):123-135
Abstract Development programmes in Sahelian Africa are beginning to use geographic information system (GIS) technology. One of the GIS and remote sensing programmes introduced to the region in the late 1980s was the use of seasonal vegetation maps made from satellite data to support grasshopper and locust control. Following serious outbreaks of these pests in 1987, the programme addressed a critical need, by national and international crop protection organizations, to monitor site-specific dynamic vegetation conditions associated with grasshopper and locust breeding. The primary products used in assessing vegetation conditions were vegetation index (greenness) image maps derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite imagery. Vegetation index data were integrated in a GIS with digital cartographic data of individual Sahelian countries. These near-real-time image maps were used regularly in 10 countries for locating potential grasshopper and locust habitats. The programme to monitor vegetation conditions is currently being institutionalized in the Sahel. 相似文献
4.
基于Sentinel-2遥感时间序列植被物候特征的盐城滨海湿地植被分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滨海湿地是具有重要功能的特殊海陆过渡带生态系统,精准获取滨海湿地植被时空分布信息具有重要意义。传统的湿地遥感观测研究集中于高空间、高光谱分辨率影像分类,往往受限于数据成本和覆盖范围,仅适用于小区域湿地监测。Sentinel-2A/B卫星影像时空分辨率高且免费共享,为大区域滨海湿地动态监测提供了可能。本文采用2018年Sentinel-2影像,提出像元级SAVI时间序列及双Logistic植被物候特征拟合重构模型,采用随机森林算法进行盐城滨海湿地植被分类,探讨Sentinel-2遥感时间序列植被物候特征分类方法的适用性。结果显示,分类总体精度达87.61%,Kappa系数为0.8358,分类结果与湿地实况相吻合,比常规单一时相分类精度总体提高19.57%。植被判别物候特征参数可为影像数据缺失或不足的滨海湿地分类提供不同植被的判别依据。研究表明,基于像元级时间序列植被物候特征的分类方法能实现植被群落混生带的精准分类以及对“异物同谱”植被的有效区分,对大区域滨海湿地植被分类具有很好的适用性,有效提高了滨海湿地植被分类精度。 相似文献
5.
城市地物具有多尺度分布特点,尺度鉴别与确定是分类的前提。提出改进的面积相对差指标,根据城市植被的分布状态确定最优分割尺度。采用面向对象方法,利用对象的光谱和空间信息对高空间分辨率影像进行植被分类。与基于像元的传统光谱分类方法和单尺度分类结果比较,最优分割尺度的鉴别和面向对象的分类方法分类精度较高,6种城市植被的分类总精度达85.5%,Kappa系数为0.83;同时有效抑制了光谱数据分类中存在的地物破碎问题。 相似文献
6.
Supervised classification of digital Landsat satellite images was used to locate seabird nesting habitats in the Russian High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land, a region where the avifauna is poorly known and ecologically vulnerable. Major seabird nesting colonies are readily identifiable in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the region due primarily to the distinctive spectral signature of vegetation on ornithogenically altered soils below bird cliffs. Supervised image classification was used to pinpoint areas displaying spectral characteristics typical of documented seabird nesting habitats. A total of 101 seabird nesting colony locations identified in Russian and Western literature from 1898 to 1996 was used as training sites to develop spectral signatures from a summer TM image mosaic for use in a supervised maximum likelihood classification. The classified image was thresholded and compared to a map of documented nesting locations. Of the 101 field-documented nesting sites, 96 were clearly identified in the classified image. An inventory was produced of all undocumented seabird habitats suggested by the classification, totalling over 300 sites. The methodology used may be applicable to other arctic regions and is intended as a first step when planning ecological protection zones in remote and inaccessible arctic regions. 相似文献
7.
编制南北过渡带地区1∶25万和典型山地1∶5万植被类型图是南北过渡带综合科学考察的主要任务之一。以往植被类型图的编制都是采用大量的地面调查来完成的,地面调查方法虽然精确,但费时费力,并且由于自然条件的限制,地面调查往往只能覆盖较小的范围。遥感数据因为其全覆盖的优势,可以很好地弥补样方调查的局限性,但目前大范围的植被类型遥感信息提取尤其是自动提取方面仍然存在一定的困难和瓶颈。本文以1∶5万太白山植被类型图的编制为例,利用多源多时相的高分辨率遥感数据,结合地面调查数据、以往的各种比例尺的植被类型图数据和森林资源调查数据等,探讨并研究基于山地垂直带谱的中大比例尺植被类型图的遥感提取方法和制图方法。研究结果表明：① 山地植被垂直带谱可以有效地支持1∶5万山区植被类型图的遥感制图。利用太白山植被垂直带谱和1∶1万数字表面模型数据（DSM）可以生成具有垂直带谱信息的地形约束因子;将地形约束因子与多源多时相高分辨率遥感数据、地面调查数据、以往的小比例尺植被类型图数据等相结合,可以有效提取各级植被类型,从而实现中大比例尺植被类型图的编制。② 典型山地1∶5万植被类型图的遥感制图基本流程为植被型组解译→植被群系组、群系、亚群系解译→植被型、植被亚型分类,采取自上而下和自下而上相结合的分类方法来分类。本文的研究成果可以为中大比例尺植被类型图的编制提供示范和科学依据。 相似文献
8.
Marianne C. Edwards Jane Wellens Dawud Al-Eisawi 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1999,19(4):3953
In this paper we discuss how low spatial resolution (1 km) ERS ATSR-2 and NOAA AVHRR satellite data were used to map and monitor changes in the grazing vegetation of the Badia region of Jordan. This area is typical of many arid zone grazing areas, comprising sparse vegetation and highly reflective soils. These two factors were found to severely limit the usefulness of satellite-derived vegetation indices that are frequently used to map and monitor vegetation in more temperate areas. Furthermore, the relationship between vegetation indices and percentage vegetation cover was found to be site-specific, thus reducing their application for large-scale vegetation monitoring. As an alternative, a hybrid geometric optical/empirically based model was developed for the area. This was based on the illumination geometry and reflectance values from the red and near-infrared scattergram of the satellite images. The output of the model was a series of maps indicating percentage vegetation cover for different dates and these were used to construct maps showing areas of vegetation change. Strong correlations (r2=0.837) were found between estimates of percentage vegetation cover derived from the model, and measurements made at a series of 16 field sites in the area. The use of geometric optical models based on satellite imagery improves the ability to map areas of grazing vegetation in arid areas such as the Badia and provides a good alternative to the use of vegetation indices. 相似文献
9.
Emily S. Weeks Anne‐Gaelle E. Ausseil James D. Shepherd John R. Dymond 《New Zealand geographer》2013,69(1):1-13
We compared four remote sensing methods to detect changes in New Zealand's grasslands (image differencing, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) differencing post‐classification and visual interpretation). The visual interpretation resulted in the best classification results, with a 98% overall accuracy when compared with ground‐truthed data. The tests on automatic classification (image differencing, NDVI differencing) and post classification had much lower accuracies, ranging from 47% to 56%. In the New Zealand grassland landscape, automatic detection methods were not able to differentiate between variations of soil moisture and vegetation phenology from variations in land‐use change. This, in combination with topographic effects, which have hampered the automated mapping of vegetation, is the main reason why visual interpretation of high‐resolution imagery is still needed. 相似文献
10.
Developing an effective approach to rapidly assess the effects of restoration projects on soil erosion intensity and their extensive spatial and temporal dynamics is important for regional ecosystem management and the development of soil conservation strategies in the future. This study applied a model that was developed at the pixel scale using water soil erosion indicators (land use, vegetation coverage and slope) to assess the soil erosion intensity in the Loess Plateau, China. Landsat TM/ETM+ images in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were used to produce land use maps based on the object-oriented classification method. The MODIS product MOD13Q1 was adopted to derive the vegetation coverage maps. The slope gradient maps were calculated based on data from the digital elevation model. The area of water soil-eroded land was classified into six grades by integrating slope gradients, land use and vegetation coverage. Results show that the Grain-To-Green Project in the Loess Plateau worked based on the land use changes from 2000 to 2010 and enhanced vegetation restoration and ecological conservation. These projects effectively prevented soil erosion. During this period, lands with moderate, severe, more severe and extremely severe soil erosion intensities significantly decreased and changed into less severe levels, respectively. Lands with slight and light soil erosion intensities increased. However, the total soil-eroded area in the Loess Plateau was reduced. The contributions of the seven provinces to the total soil-eroded area in the Loess Plateau and the composition of the soil erosion intensity level in each province are different. Lands with severe, more severe and extremely severe soil erosion intensities are mainly distributed in Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. These areas, although relatively small, must be prioritised and preferentially treated. 相似文献
11.
基于遥感影像识别的戈壁分类体系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
戈壁是中国西北干旱地区的一种主要地表景观类型。由于戈壁所处地带自然条件恶劣,人烟稀少,不便于实地调查研究的开展,所以目前关于戈壁的研究资料非常少,就现有为数不多的研究来看,现有戈壁类型划分存在交叉问题,难以将戈壁分清,且分类没有从全局考虑。为了促进戈壁研究的规范化,本文首先对戈壁进行明确定义,然后从戈壁分布的气候区、动力条件、地貌特征、地表物质组成、植被、水文与土壤等7个方面,对戈壁内涵进行界定。同时,本文在参照现有戈壁分类基础上,从戈壁的形成原因、地表物质组成与植被盖度角度,分三级建立了一套既考虑戈壁区生态保护与利用,又易于遥感影像识别的戈壁分类体系,对每一级每一类戈壁在影像上表现的特征以及通过遥感影像如何提取进行了较为详细的阐述。 相似文献
12.
山东南部景观生态特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以地貌和基质为基本线索,以植被为标志,建立了山东南部的景观生态分类系统。该系统为二级分类系统,包括７个景观型、１７个景观亚型。以景观亚型或景观亚型的组合为基本制图单位,以１：１００万土壤图为基础底图,参考多种比例尺的卫星照片、植被图、土地利用图、地貌图等,编制了山东南部１：１００万景观生态类型图;在景观生态类型图上量算了各景观亚型的面积,并且分析了山东南部主要景观型的生态问题,据此提出了相应的生态对策。 相似文献
13.
Lynn M. Patterson 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):451-454
The objectives are to (1) quantify, map, and analyze vegetation cover distributions and changes across Accra, Ghana, for 2002 and 2010; and (2) examine the statistical relationship between vegetation cover and a housing quality index (HQI) for 2000 at the neighborhood level. Pixel-level vegetation cover maps derived using threshold classification of 2002 and 2010 QuickBird normalized difference vegetation index images have very high overall accuracies and yield an estimate of 5.9 percent vegetation cover reduction over the study area between 2002 and 2010. A high degree of variance in vegetation cover for individual dates is explained by HQI at the neighborhood level, although minimal covariability between absolute or relative vegetation cover change and HQI for 2000 was observed. 相似文献
14.
以准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域为研究区,应用彩红外航片和IKONOS卫星影像,绘制了1987、2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图,并数字化基于地面土地利用调查绘制的1979年土地利用图.利用景观格局指数,评价了研究区土地覆盖/植被空间格局现状及土地覆盖类型动态变化;并以ETM 数据为信息源,绘制了2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图.研究表明:2002年研究区土地覆盖/植被呈现出一个耕地、草地、人工乔木林和人工灌木林以及种植稀疏灌木的草地高度镶嵌的景观格局特征;20年内土地覆盖类型发生了显著的变化,景观异质性增强.基于研究区景观的高度破碎化,绘制小流域精细尺度土地覆盖图,高空间分辨率遥感数据十分必要. 相似文献
15.
准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域土地覆盖分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域为研究区,应用彩红外航片和IKONOS卫星影像,绘制了1987、2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图,并数字化基于地面土地利用调查绘制的1979年土地利用图.利用景观格局指数,评价了研究区土地覆盖/植被空间格局现状及土地覆盖类型动态变化;并以ETM 数据为信息源,绘制了2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图.研究表明:2002年研究区土地覆盖/植被呈现出一个耕地、草地、人工乔木林和人工灌木林以及种植稀疏灌木的草地高度镶嵌的景观格局特征;20年内土地覆盖类型发生了显著的变化,景观异质性增强.基于研究区景观的高度破碎化,绘制小流域精细尺度土地覆盖图,高空间分辨率遥感数据十分必要. 相似文献
16.
Javier Martínez-López María F. Carreño José A. Palazón-Ferrando Julia Martínez-Fernández Miguel A. Esteve 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1610-1625
Watershed scale studies focusing on hydrological pressures influencing freshwater ecosystem dynamics are necessary for the establishment of suitable wetland ecological indicators. Enhanced and reproducible methods for watershed modeling and land-cover assessment are thus essential tools for wetland monitoring and management. However, few integrated studies propose advanced open source methodologies for watershed modeling and assessment. In this study, a set of GIS methodological tools was applied and further developed in order to delineate wetland watersheds and map their land-cover changes over time. Watersheds draining to 11 semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands were delimited and map algebra operations were applied on the digital elevation model in the Campo de Cartagena coastal plain to enhance watershed delimitation. land-use/land-cover maps of wetland watersheds were obtained for years 1987 and 2008 by means of supervised classification of Landsat images. A set of four spectral indices was included in the classification analysis using a combination of bands in order to improve the discrimination of vegetation, water bodies, infrastructure, and bare soil. An iterative classification procedure based on maximum likelihood and random selection of training areas was applied. Contextual information based on automatic image segmentation of Landsat scenes was also included as ancillary layers. Watershed areas obtained ranged from 70 to 17,000 ha and delineation was improved in the Campo de Cartagena coastal plain. The proposed image classification methodology showed high accuracies and improved standard classification techniques. The proposed methodology is based on free and open source tools, which makes it broadly applicable. 相似文献
17.
基于QUEST决策树的遥感影像土地利用分类——以云南省丽江市为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土地利用分类精度直接决定土地利用/土地覆被变化相关研究的准确性,而基于决策树的遥感影像分类是近年来提高土地利用分类精度的重要方法。QUEST决策树在影像解译和空间表达方面,运算速度和分类精度均优于普通CART等决策树方法。本文以云南丽江地区为例,应用QUEST决策树分类方法,对该地区的Landsat TM 5影像图进行分类,同时将地形因素、植被指数作为地学辅助数据的因子添加到分类波段中,进行不同特征融合,来处理目标类别间的非线性关系,该方法在处理图像理解知识方面具有更大的灵活性;同时与普通决策树分类法的遥感影像分类的结果相比较,Kappa系数值从原来的0.789提高到0.849.在地形复杂的山地地区,针对TM影像数据,选择基于QUEST决策树分类能够有效提高土地利用分类结果精度。 相似文献
18.
Douglas Stow Allen Hope William Boynton Stuart Phinn Donald Walker Nancy Auerbach 《Geomorphology》1998,21(3-4)
The spatial variability and co-variability of two different types of remote sensing derivatives that portray vegetation and geomorphic patterns are analyzed in the context of estimating regional-scale CO2 flux from land surfaces in the arctic tundra. For a study area encompassing the Kuparuk River watershed of the North Slope of Alaska, we compare satellite-derived maps of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) generated at two different spatial resolutions to a map of vegetation types derived by image classification of data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). Mean values of NDVI for each cover type stratum are unique (with the exception of moist acidic tundra and shrubland types). Based on analysis of semi-variograms generated for SPOT-NDVI data, most of the vegetation cover and landform features of this arctic tundra landscape have spatial dimensions of less than 1 km. Thaw lakes on the coastal plain and glacial depositional landforms, such as moraines in the foothills, seem to be the largest features, with vegetation units having dimensions no larger than 700 m. Frequency distributions of NDVI and vegetation types extracted for sampling transects flown by an aircraft sensing CO2 flux, relative to distributions for the entire Kuparuk River watershed, suggest a slight sampling bias towards greater cover of mesic wet sedge tundra and thaw lakes and associated lower NDVI values. The regional pattern of NDVI for the North Slope of Alaska corresponds primarily to differences between the two major physiographic provinces of this region. 相似文献
19.
基于GF-1卫星数据的面向对象的民勤绿洲植被分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以民勤绿洲为研究区,以GF-1遥感影像为数据源,采用面向对象的分类方法,结合分层技术,对影像逐级进行分类,以获取植被信息。根据归一化植被指数（NDVI）阈值区分植被与非植被,分割尺度为10;使用归一化水体指数（NDWI）阈值提取非植被中的水体,分割尺度为35;利用野外采样点获取的训练样本,将植被进一步分为耕地、林地和草地,分割尺度为25。总体分类精度达到83.02%,Kappa系数为0.745 1,比较基于象元的监督分类,其总体分类精度为69.37%,Kappa系数为0.497 0,表明面向对象的分类方法在干旱区绿洲植被信息的提取上较传统的基于象元的分类方法更有优势,分类精度更高。 相似文献
20.
Land use and land cover change in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh: Using remote sensing to promote sustainable urbanization 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
This study evaluates land use/cover changes and urban expansion in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh, between 1975 and 2003 using satellite images and socio-economic data. Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use/cover changes were quantified using three Landsat images, a supervised classification algorithm and the post-classification change detection technique in GIS. Accuracy of the Landsat-derived land use/cover maps ranged from 85 to 90%. The analysis revealed that substantial growth of built-up areas in Greater Dhaka over the study period resulted significant decrease in the area of water bodies, cultivated land, vegetation and wetlands. Urban land expansion has been largely driven by elevation, population growth and economic development. Rapid urban expansion through infilling of low-lying areas and clearing of vegetation resulted in a wide range of environmental impacts, including habitat quality. As reliable and current data are lacking for Bangladesh, the land use maps produced in this study will contribute to both the development of sustainable urban land use planning decisions and also for forecasting possible future changes in growth patterns. 相似文献