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1.
Marina A. Morlock Hendrik Vogel James M. Russell Flavio S. Anselmetti Satria Bijaksana 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1040-1051
Continental and marine sediments are composed of a mixture from different sources and are influenced by a variety of environmental factors and transport processes prior to deposition. For analysis and interpretation, these sources and processes are often challenging to disentangle. We show that end-member modelling of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core-scanning data helps to overcome these challenges by unmixing different environmental signals from high-resolution sediment geochemical records. We apply this approach to a 100 m long lacustrine succession from Lake Towuti, Indonesia, to separate the regional climate and tectonic history from local ecological and diagenetic processes. The resulting six end-members (EMs) are interpreted to represent changes in ecological (EM1), climatic (EMs 2–4), tectonic (EM 5) and geomorphic (EM6) processes determining changes in sediment composition. Because end-member analysis allows for the tracking of transient and overlapping processes, climatic changes can be followed throughout the 100 m-long succession, suggesting alternating wet and dry periods in Central Sulawesi over long (several 100 000 years) time scales. We show that end-member analysis on elemental data sets offers a detailed and objective means to disentangle depositional processes in sedimentary successions resulting from varying tectonic and environmental factors involved in sediment formation and deposition. 相似文献
2.
The Sundarbans is one of the productive mangrove wetland ecosystems in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh. The delta
is undergoing rapid ecological changes due to human activity. In the present study, surface water salinity data from 13 rivers
of the Sundarbans were collected in order to investigate the saline water intrusion in the mangrove wetlands. Results demonstrate
that saline water has penetrated the upstream area as river water salinity has increased significantly in 1976 compared to
the year 1968. The soil and river water salinity data also shows that it has crossed the water salinity threshold line in
most parts of the Sundarbans wetlands. These observations are due to the construction of Farakka Barrage in 1975, which reduced
the water discharge of the Ganges River from 3700 m3/s in 1962 to 364 m3/s in 2006. The shortage of freshwater discharge to the deltaic area is trailing active ecosystems function, especially in
the dry season in the south western region in Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to understand and analyze the present
degraded mangrove wetland ecosystems and their negative impacts. The findings of this study would contribute to the formulation
of the mangrove wetland ecosystems management plan in the Ganges delta of Bangladesh. 相似文献
3.
YQ0902孔位于浙江南部瓯江三角洲南侧温瑞平原上。沉积相、粒度分析以及AMS 14C测年数据表明,硬土层之下为海洋氧同位素3阶段(MIS 3）形成的潟湖相沉积,据此推测MIS 3高海平面至少达到现今海平面之下30m左右(未经构造升降和沉积物压实作用等影响的校正,下同）。硬土层的成土过程发生于MIS 2,其母质部分为MIS 3的潟湖沉积,部分为河漫滩沉积。硬土层之上是一套形成于全新世的海侵—海退旋回,与长江三角洲南翼前缘的沉积相组合类似。研究钻孔初始海泛面约形成于9 cal ka BP,推算当时的海平面约低于现今海平面25 m。中全新世最大海侵前后,东亚季风较强,通过径流或沿岸流输入本区的沉积物较充足,沉积速率较大。随着海平面相对稳定或略有下降,东亚季风减弱,可容空间减小,中晚全新世(5～2 cal ka BP）沉积速率较低。高分辨率的XRF岩心扫描获得的元素相对含量是古环境与古气候研究的重要指标,其中Cl/Ti、Fe/Ti值可分别作为海相性(与海洋联通程度）与东亚季风强弱的替代指标。 相似文献
4.
在旋回地层学研究中,高分辨率地球化学数据作为一重要的替代指标,其一般获取方式（ICP-MS或WD-XRF）较耗费时间和经费,而手持X射线衍射仪（ED-XRF）能够高效的解决这一问题,目前将ED-XRF运用在沉积地层研究中,尤其是旋回地层学研究领域中较少.以酒泉盆地青西凹陷早白垩世下沟组深湖相泥岩、白云质泥岩为研究对象,将连续采集的岩心样品通过ED-XRF测试,该测试方法能够保证在不破坏样品的前提下,并在误差允许的范围内的条件下,短时间内（5 min）完成对单一样品的测试.通过测试精确得出24种主量及微量元素的含量,将得出的地球化学特征作为旋回地层学研究的替代指标,并针对K/Al,Ca/Al,Si/Al,Fe/Al,Ti/Al,Mn/Al,Ni/Al,Zn/Al和Pb/Al的比值进行频谱分析.数据表明W2井下沟组一段（SQK1g1）地层旋回性表现出与天文旋回明显的对应关系.沉积地层中的旋回厚度比值为20.25:4.75:1.75:1.00,与米兰科维奇旋回中长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差的周期比值:400 ka:95 ka:37 ka:20 ka相对应.该地区的沉积记录受天文轨道周期的影响得到了证明,与此同时,为手持X射线衍射仪在旋回地层学中的应用开辟了新领域. 相似文献
5.
K. V. Syromyatnikov M. A. Levitan T. G. Kuzmina E. S. Toropchenova A. V. Zhilkina 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(6):503-520
Holocene sequences of the Russian Arctic shelf seas are controlled by a combination of three main factors: deglaciation of the Late Pleistocene Barents–Kara ice sheet, global sea-level rise, and river runoff from Eurasia. Sedimentation in the Kara Sea is mainly defined by two latter factors. The lithological, grainsize, mineralogical, and micropaleontological compositions of the Holocene sequences of this basin have been widely studied, but only a few works report geochemical data. This paper considers comprehensive geochemical data on two cores from the Yenisei transect obtained during cruise of the R/V Akademik Petrov in 2000. Both the cores were dated by radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometric method (AMS 14C) and analyzed using XRF and ICP MS methods. The study revealed and described differences in their chemical composition, which are caused by different facies settings of accumulation, their grain size composition, and influence of river run-off. 相似文献
6.
Traces of historical tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the Ashburton Delta (north‐west Australia) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Simon Matthias May Dominik Brill Max Engel Anja Scheffers Anna Pint Stephan Opitz Volker Wennrich Peter Squire Dieter Kelletat Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2015,62(6):1546-1572
Although the north‐western coast of Western Australia is highly vulnerable to tropical cyclones and tsunamis, little is known about the geological imprint of historic and prehistoric extreme wave events in this particular area. Despite a number of site‐specific difficulties such as post‐depositional changes and the preservation potential of event deposits, both tropical cyclones and tsunamis may be inferred from the geomorphology and the stratigraphy of beach ridge sequences, washover fans and coastal lagoons or marshes. A further challenge is the differentiation between tsunami and storm deposits in the geological record, particularly where modern deposits and/or historical reports on the event are not available. This study presents a high‐resolution sedimentary record of washover events from the Ashburton River delta (Western Australia) spanning approximately the last 150 years. A detailed characterization of event deposits is provided, and a robust chronostratigraphy for the investigated washover sequence is established based on multi‐proxy sediment analyses and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Combining sedimentological, geochemical and high‐resolution optically stimulated luminescence data, event layers are assigned to known historical events and tropical cyclone deposits are separated from tsunami deposits. For the first time, the 1883 Krakatoa and 1977 Sumba tsunamis are inferred from sedimentary records of the north‐western part of Western Australia. It is demonstrated that optically stimulated luminescence applied in coastal sedimentary archives with favourable luminescence characteristics can provide accurate chronostratigraphies even on a decadal timescale. The results contribute to the data pool of tropical cyclone and tsunami deposits in Holocene stratigraphies; however, they also demonstrate how short‐lived sediment archives may be in dynamic sedimentary environments. 相似文献
7.
Genetic sediment types have been identified based on the study of sediment core PS 1599 of bottom sediments recovered from the eastern continental slope of the Weddell Sea. The XRF analysis of 48 samples from this core carried out at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (Moscow) yielded the first comprehensive geochemical characteristics of all genetic types. Methods of correlation and factor analyses were used to outline geochemical associations of sediments and examine causes of their formation, including the role of grain size composition. The results obtained have revealed fundamental differences between sources, mechanisms, and methods of the transportation of sedimentary material for Holocene sediments, on the one hand, and Weichselian sediments, on the other hand. 相似文献
8.
O. P. Korsakova V. V. Kolka A. N. Tolstobrova N. B. Lavrova D. S. Tolstobrov T. S. Shelekhova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2016,24(3):294-312
The complex lithological, geochemical, geochronological, and micropaleontological (diatoms, spores, pollen) investigations of stratified bottom sediments that constitute facies-variable sedimentary sequences in a small isolated lake located near the upper limit of the sea on the White Sea coast made it possible to define lithostratigraphic units (LSU) forming the complete sedimentary succession in deep parts of isolated basins. It is shown that stratigraphy of heterogeneous sequences is determined by two regional transgressive–regressive cycles in relative sea level fluctuations: alternating late Glacial and Holocene transgressions and regressions. The lower part of a clastogenic clayey–sandy–silty sequence successively composed of freshwater (LSU 1) and brackish-water (LSU 2) sediments of the ice-marginal basins and marine postglacial facies (LSU 3) was formed during the late Glacial glacioeustatic marine transgression. Its upper part formed in different isolated basins at different stages of the Holocene is represented depending on its altimetric position on the coastal slope by costal marine sediments (LSU 4) and facies of the partly isolated inlet (LSU 5). The organogenic sapropelic sequence, which overlies sediments of the marine basin and partly isolated bay, corresponds to lithostratigraphic units represented by Holocene sediments accumulated in the meromictic lake (LSU 6), onshore freshwater basin (LSU 7), and freshwater basin with elevated water mineralization (LSU 8) deposited during maximum development of Holocene transgression and lacustrine sediments (LSU 9) formed in coastal environments during terminal phases of the Holocene. The defined lithostratigraphic units differ from each other in lithological, micropaleontological, and geochemical features reflected in structural and textural properties of their sediments, their composition, inclusions, and composition of paleophytocoenoses and diatom assemblages. 相似文献
9.
在对赵凹油田安棚深层系核（核桃园组）三下段砂体的研究中，从岩性特征，结构和成分成熟,沉只构造及古生物特征等方面总经了该区沉积的相标志，结合研究区的沉积背景，笔者认为该区沉积环境为扇三角洲相，并进一步划分了亚相和同相，提出了研究区扇三角洲相的沉积模式，并对扇三角洲砂体的类型进行了研究。该区发育扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲两种亚相，近岸水道和远岸水道微相比较发育；距离物源较近，沉积物搬运距离短，沉积物粒度较粗，结构成熟度和成分成熟度较低，水动力较强，在砾岩和粗砂岩中发育有块状层理，平行层理和交错层理，砂体类型对储集层物性有明显的控制作用。 相似文献
10.
Jean Carlos Montero-Serrano Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles Nicolas Tribovillard Thomas Sionneau Armelle Riboulleau Aloys Bory Benjamin Flower 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(27-28):3333-3347
Cored sediments from the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico, were analyzed in order to better constrain late deglacial and early Holocene paleoenvironmental and sedimentary changes in response to North American climate evolution. Mineralogical and geochemical proxies indicate the succession of two sedimentary regimes: dominantly detrital during the deglaciation (15–12.9 cal ka BP) whereas biogenic contribution relatively increased later on during the Younger Dryas and early Holocene (12.9 and 10 cal ka BP). Geochemical data reveal that the deglacial record mainly reflects variations of terrigenous supply via the Mississippi River rather than modifications of redox conditions in the basin. Specific variations of almost all the parameters measured in this paper are synchronous with the main deglacial meltwater episode (Meltwater Spike) described or modeled in previous marine or continental studies. During this episode, most parameters display “stair-step-like” – pattern variations highlighting three successive steps within the main meltwater flow. Variations in grain-size and clay mineral assemblage recorded in the Pigmy Basin indicate that the erosional regime was very strong on land during the first part of the Meltwater Spike, and then milder, inducing more subtle modifications in the sedimentary regime in this part of the Gulf. Specific geochemical and mineralogical signatures (notably, clay minerals and trace metal geochemistry) pinpoint a dominant origin from NW North America for detrital particles reflecting meltwater outflow from the south-western Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin during the most intense freshwater discharge. The observed decrease of the sedimentation rate from about 200 to 25 cm/ka at ca 12.9 ka evidenced a drastic decrease of erosional processes during late phase of discharge, consistently with the hypotheses of major reduction of meltwater flow. The major modification at 12.9 cal ka BP is interpreted to result from both modifications of the main Mississippi fluvial regime due to eastward and northward rerouting of meltwater flow at the onset of the Younger Dryas, and the increase of sea-surface temperature linked to insolation. Finally, slight grain-size modifications suggest that some freshwater discharges may have episodically reached the Gulf of Mexico after the Younger Dryas reflecting possible small adjustments of the postglacial hydrological regime. 相似文献
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12.
通过对准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系的沉积背景,沉积岩成分,结构、构造及岩性序列等综合研究表明,该区侏罗系具有较好的旋回性,可划分为６个沉积层序和两个构造层序,侏罗系沉积物具有较低的成分成熟度和中等结构成熟度,粒度概率图及沉积构造均显示其具有牵引流沉积特征及三角洲沉积序列。在研究区侏罗系发育南、北两大特源区及方向的水系,据此可识别出辫状河,辫状河三角洲、曲流河、正常三角洲、滑塌浊积扇和湖泊等多种沉积体 相似文献
13.
G. A. Karnaukhova 《Geochemistry International》2011,49(6):605-617
Analysis of genetic and compositional types of bottom deposits, rates of their sedimentation and accumulation, and thickness
of sedimentary bed in the Angara cascade reservoirs made it possible to reveal for the first time the vertical belt zoning
in one of the largest cascades of the artificial reservoirs. The belt zoning is determined by sedimentation conditions, including
petrographic and lithological-geochemical composition of the rocks of the water drainage area, hydrodynamic parameters, and
bottom topography of the cascade reservoirs. The vertical zonal distribution in the Angara cascade reservoirs consists in
the relation of grain-size sedimentary fractions, their constituent minerals, and geochemical fields to definite elements
of bottom topography: morphodynamic belts, main of which are coastal bank, underwater slope of coastal bank, flooded terraces,
and flooded Angara River bed. 相似文献
14.
Geochemical data are typical compositional data which should be opened prior to univariate and multivariate data analysis. In this study, a frequency-based method (robust principal component analysis, RPCA) and a frequency-space-based method (spectrum–area fractal model, S–A) are applied to explore the effects of the data closure problem and to study the integrated geochemical anomalies associated with polymetallic Cu mineralization using a stream sediment geochemical dataset collected from the Zhongteng district, Fujian Province (China). The results show that: (1) geochemical data should be opened prior to RPCA to avoid spurious correlation between variables; (2) geochemical pattern is a superimposition of multi-processes and should be decomposed; and (3) the S–A fractal model is a powerful tool for decomposing the mixed geochemical pattern. 相似文献
15.
黄河三角洲ZK1孔岩心环境敏感粒度组分及沉积环境分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文选取黄河三角洲5个钻孔岩心的ZK1钻孔,对其剖面沉积物进行了详细的岩性描述、粒度测试和有孔虫鉴定,分析了ZK1孔粒度参数的垂向分布序列。通过计算粒级—标准偏差的变化获得了ZK1孔沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分的范围为3.75～4Ф和10Ф。敏感粒度组分含量随深度变化的初步分析、各种粒度参数垂向分布特征及有孔虫资料表明,黄河三角洲ZK1孔的沉积环境大致可分为4段:Ⅰ(0～5.14 m)为1904—1976年上三角洲平原沉积;Ⅱ(5.14～17.41m)为1855年以来的下三角洲平原沉积;Ⅲ(17.41～22.6 m)为1855年以前的陆架沉积;Ⅳ(22.6～24.6 m)为潮坪沉积。 相似文献
16.
17.
Song Hong (Red River) delta evolution related to millennium-scale Holocene sea-level changes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Susumu Tanabe Kazuaki Hori Yoshiki Saito Shigeko Haruyama Van Phai Vu Akihisa Kitamura 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(21-22):2345-2361
The Song Hong (Red River) delta occurs on the northwest coast of the South China Sea. Its evolution in response to Holocene sea-level changes was clarified on the basis of sedimentary facies and 14 radiocarbon dates from the 40 m long Duy Tien core from the delta plain, and using previously reported geological, geomorphological, and archaeological data. The delta prograded into the drowned valley as a result of early Holocene inundation from 9 to 6 cal. kyr BP, as sea-level rise decelerated. The sea-level highstand at +2–3 m from 6 to 4 cal. kyr BP allowed widespread mangrove development on the delta plain and the formation of marine notches in the Ha Long Bay and Ninh Binh areas. During sea-level lowering after 4 cal. kyr BP, the former delta plain emerged as a marine terrace, and the delta changed into the present tide- and wave-influenced delta with accompanying beach ridges. Delta morphology, depositional pattern, and sedimentary facies are closely related to Holocene sea-level changes. In particular, falling sea level at 4 cal. kyr BP had a major impact on the evolution of the Song Hong delta, and is considered to be linked to climate changes. 相似文献
18.
涠西南凹陷涠洲11区南部流沙港组油气特征明显,但目的层段岩性复杂,储层横向变化快,连通性差,因此对沉积微相与砂体的成因分析很有必要。本文通过岩心精细观察描述,结合粒度资料、测井资料和地震资料的分析,对流一段沉积相类型进行了探讨,识别出两种沉积相类型：水进型扇三角洲和正常三角洲。其中扇三角洲可划分为扇中和扇端两个亚相,三角洲划分为三角洲前缘和前三角洲两个亚相,并在各相带内共识别出11种微相类型。探讨了流一段4个亚段的沉积微相特征、平面展布及垂向演化：早期（L1下）为湖平面逐渐上升的扇三角洲沉积,晚期（L1h ）为不断向前讲积的三角洲沉积。 相似文献
19.
Multi-element near-surface geochemistry from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia has been evaluated in the context of mapping the exposed to deeply buried major crustal blocks of the Australian continent. The major crustal blocks, interpreted from geophysical and geological data, reflect distinct tectonic domains comprised of early Archean to recent Cenozoic igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock assemblages. The geochemical data have been treated as compositional data to uniquely describe and characterize the geochemistry of the regolith overlying the major crustal blocks across Australia according to the following workflow: imputation of missing/censored data, log-ratio transformation, multivariate statistical analysis, multivariate geospatial (minimum/maximum autocorrelation factor) analysis, and classification. Using cross validation techniques, the uniqueness of each major crustal block has been quantified. The ability to predict the membership of a surface regolith sample to one or more of the major crustal blocks is demonstrated. The predicted crustal block assignments define spatially coherent regions that coincide with the known crustal blocks. In some areas, inaccurate predictions are due to uncertainty in the initial crustal boundary definition or from surficial processes that mask the crustal block geochemical signature. In conclusion, the geochemical composition of the Australian surface regolith generally can be used to map the underlying crustal architecture, despite secondary modifications due to physical transport and chemical weathering effects. This methodology is however less effective where extensive and thick sedimentary basins such as the Eromanga and Eucla basins overlie crustal blocks. 相似文献
20.
Christoph Schmidt Christian Zeeden Lydia Krauß Frank Lehmkuhl Ludwig Zöller 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2021,50(3):746-763
The continuing development of analytical methods for investigating sedimentary records calls for iterative re-examination of existing data sets obtained on loess-palaeosol sequences (LPS) as archives of palaeoenvironmental change. Here, we re-investigate two LPS (Hecklingen, Zilly) in the northern Harz foreland, Germany, being of interest due to their proximity to the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) and the position between oceanic climatic influence further west and continental influence towards the east. First, we established new quartz OSL and polymineral IRSL chronologies. Both methods show concordant ages in the upper part of the Hecklingen profile (~20–40 ka), but in the lower part IRSL underestimates OSL ages by up to ~15 ka for the period 40–60 ka. Interpretations hence refer to the OSL data set. Second, we applied Bayesian age-depth modelling to data sets from Hecklingen to resolve inversions in the original ages, also reducing averaged 1σ uncertainty by ~19% (OSL) and ~12% (IRSL). Modelled chronologies point out phases of increased (MIS 2, early MIS 3) and reduced (middle and late MIS 3) sedimentation, but interpretation of numerical rates is problematic because of intense erosion and slope wash particularly during MIS 3. Finally, previously obtained grain-size data were re-investigated by end member modelling analyses. Three fundamental grain-size distributions (loadings) explain the measured data sets and offer information on intensity and – combined with modelled OSL ages – timing of geomorphic processes. We interpret the loadings to represent (i) primary loess accumulation, (ii) postdepositional pedogenesis and/or input of aeolian fine fractions, and (iii) input of coarse aeolian material and/or slope wash. The applied modelling tools facilitate detailed understanding of site-formation through time, allowing us to correlate a strong peak in mean grain size at ~26–24 ka to the maximum extent of the SIS and increased influence of easterly winds. 相似文献