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《海洋气象学报》2016,(3)
根据中国气象局全国城镇天气业务产品检验评估报告和山东省预报质量评估系统检验结果,对2007年1月—2015年2月山东省城镇天气预报质量进行了总结分析。结果表明:(1)山东省晴雨(雪)和气温预报准确率、提高幅度均高于全国平均,降水预报准确率低于全国平均,技巧评分处于全国平均水平。(2)山东省内晴雨(雪)、最高气温、最低气温预报准确率最高的区域分别是鲁南、鲁西北和半岛,降水预报准确率半岛和鲁南明显高于鲁中和鲁西北地区。(3)山东省晴雨(雪)预报正确率夏季最低,冬季最高;气温预报准确率春季最低,最高气温预报准确率秋季最高,最低气温预报准确率夏季最高。(4)各市气象台预报相对省气象台指导预报有正的订正技巧,晴雨(雪)预报技巧评分鲁中地区相对偏低。 相似文献
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基于＂动力-统计＂预报方法的MEOFIS（精细化气象要素客观预报）平台以相关模式预报结果为基础,结合历史实况资料建立预报模型,实现站点的精细化预报.利用2009～2011年的T639模式产品和渤海湾北部相关观测站的数据积累统计建模,并对2012～2013年海面4个季节的气温和风速进行预报统计,对比分析该平台在海面气温和风速预报中的适用性.经客观检验,1℃误差范围内,海面各季节的气温和风速预报准确率均高于陆上的预报;海面日最高、日最低和逐3 h气温预报准确率均超过68%,秋季的日最高气温、逐3 h气温和冬季的日最低气温预报最为理想,准确率分别达86.8%、75.2%和78.9%,春季的气温预报整体不理想;显著性检验结果显示：和T639直接输出的结果相比,MEOFIS在各季节的气温预报中具有明显的订正能力.2 m/s误差范围内,过渡性季节春、秋季的日最大风速预报准确率均超过75.0%,夏季的预报效果较差,但逐3 h风速预报准确率最高,达78.0%,冬季的风速预报效果整体不佳;利用总体平均经验模态分解法（EEMD）对各月逐3 h的海面气温和风速预报误差做滤波处理,结果显示MEOFIS平台对这两要素的预报误差均存在明显的双周震荡波,通过滤波可以提高二者预报的准确率,且气温预报准确率的提高更大.预报偏差和方差小的季节,预报准确率的改善更为理想. 相似文献
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本文首先分析造成北部湾冬季强风的天气动力学机理，在此基础上以相关分析法确定强风的预报因子(气压梯度、气温梯度、高层风速等因子)与预报量之间存在着较好的相关性；进而采用人工神经网络与主分量分析(PCA)相结合的方法建立了北部湾冬季强风的预报模型．该预报方法所构造的预报模型对历史样本风速拟合平均绝对误差为1．80m/s，对独立样本风速试报的平均绝对误差为1．46m/s．计算结果表明，该方法的拟合效果及预报稳定性较好，可在预报业务中应用． 相似文献
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利用2016年EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,分析了模式对山东地区最高气温和最低气温的预报性能,结果表明：(1)模式最高气温预报：年平均误差有两个正值中心,一是泰山山区附近,预报偏高6℃以上,另一个在青岛胶州湾西侧,平均偏高0.5～1.5℃。海岸线以内5～10 km偏低。最低气温方面：36.5°N以北偏高为主,以南偏低为主。(2)两个最高气温正误差中心有一定的季节变化,早春和晚秋时节强度弱于其他时间。鲁西地区正误差带在6—9月份消失,转为弱的负误差区,而4—5月最高。(3)最高气温预报准确率,冬半年优于夏半年;最低气温夏半年好于冬半年。依据模式误差特点,给出了气温主观订正参考值,订正后最高气温和最低气温预报准确率分别提高了4%～34%和2%～16%。(4)转折性天气时,最高气温预报：夏季的最高气温预报和回暖过程预报易偏低,冬季冷空气过程预报易偏高4℃,且降温幅度越大,偏高越明显。 相似文献
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《海洋气象学报》2015,(4)
冬季最高与最低气温的准确预报可以让供热公司调节燃煤使用量,达到节能减排的目的。首先基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式构建一个区域大气实时预报系统,然后建立客观预报方程对WRF预报气温进行修订,利用2011—2012年供热期(12月—3月)预报与观测数据开展青岛站最高与最低气温客观预报方法研究。供热期内气象部门日最高与最低气温预报的均方根误差(RMSE)平均为3.6℃,而WRF预报平均约为2.0℃,减小了44.4%;地面风与温度平流的相关性分析确定温度平流是导致WRF预报气温误差的一个显著因素,利用统计获取的南北方向温度平流和RMSE建立方程并应用于2011年供热期,相对于气象部门预报,1—3月RMSE改进率基本在50.0%以上。文中提出的客观预报方法可以运用于其它站点进行不同供热片区的温度预报服务。 相似文献
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《海洋气象学报》2015,(3)
为检验不同数值模式产品对山东不同站点2m日最高、最低气温24h预报效果,利用2014年6—8月逐3h的WRF-RUC、En WRF确定性预报、不同集合百分位数、T639、中国气象局下发的T639-MOS解释应用产品以及EC细网格预报进行TS评分、误差等分析。结果表明:EC细网格对内陆最高气温预报准确率最高,En WRF确定性预报次之,EC细网格和T639-MOS对内陆最低气温预报准确率最高。T639和EC细网格分别对沿海最高和最低气温预报准确率最高。对各模式单站气温预报进行最优模式分析发现,对于最高气温预报最优的模式为EC细网格和En WRF确定性预报,分别集中在鲁西南和鲁北、鲁中和鲁东南。对于最低气温预报最优的模式为EC细网格和T639-MOS,T639-MOS主要对鲁中山区预报较好,其他地区两个模式预报效果基本相当。 相似文献
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以山东省乡镇级精细化要素预报为例,预报站点由县级123个增至1 561个。在精细化要素客观预报方法开发中,如何处理多量预报站(格)点问题?利用山东省稠密的区域自动站观测资料,通过分析不同站点空间分辨和地形属性的观测要素的统计学差异,研究各种气象要素的站点差异性。结果表明:温度、降水等要素具有明显的局地小气候特征,需要更高空间分辨率的预报站点来捕捉;市区、郊区以及不同高度山区等站点间最低气温各分位数统计值差异均较大,但相关系数较高,且频率分布形态相似;风对地形更敏感,不同测站间相关系数较低,分位数统计值和频率分布形态差异均较大。上述结果可为精细化要素客观预报业务中的站(格)点处理提供理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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运用统计分析方法,对上海沿海3个浮标站的逐小时的2min平均风速和极大风速进行分析,发现两种风速具有很好的线性关系。通过建立两种风速的回归方程,获得了估计极大风速的客观方程,对3个浮标站,单站一元一次回归方程都能很好得反映2 min平均风速和极大风速的关系,实测极大风速与拟合极大风速的平均绝对误差均小于1 m/s;3个浮标的拟合数据都是以正偏差为主;3个浮标拟合偏差2 m/s的样本数都在5%以下。利用WRF模式预报风速进行极大风速试报,结果表明,3个浮标实测极大风速与预报极大风速的平均绝对误差均小于2 m/s,偏差4 m/s的样本数在10%以下,TS评分均在74分以上,建立的极大风速客观预报方程的效果比较理想。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献