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1.
中国水土保持区划方案初步研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
水土保持区划是水土保持规划的基础,可为生态环境建设和区域管理与发展提供科学的依据.简要回顾了相关区划工作,明确了水土保持区划的概念,结合我国水土流失等生态环境特点,提出了水土保持区划原则、指标体系和命名规则;通过构建全国水土保持区划协作平台和数据上报系统,结合我国已有相关水土保持研究成果,采用自上而下与自下而上的演绎归纳途径和定性与定量相结合的方法,构建了我国水土保持区划初步方案,将全国划分为8个一级区,41 个二级区,117 个三级区. 相似文献
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中国水土保持研究回顾 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as “the No. 1 killer“ to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss.Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China. 相似文献
3.
The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as "the No.1 killer" to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China. 相似文献
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东北黑土区保护性耕作的发展现状与成效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北黑土区承担着国家粮食安全“稳压器”的重要责任。然而,由于长期超负荷开发利用导致黑土日益退化,黑土资源的永续利用受到严重制约。理论与实践证明,保护性耕作是保护黑土地、推动黑土耕地质量和耕作效益绿色增长的发展模式。综述了保护性耕作的基本内涵及其在东北黑土区的发展现状与技术概况,从保护性耕作在土壤保持、保墒效益、结构改善、固碳培肥和土壤生物多样性增加、节本增效等方面系统评估了东北黑土区实施保护性耕作后的生态与经济效益,提出黑土区实施保护性耕作存在的问题与未来发展方向,以促进黑土地保护与利用协调发展、推动保护性耕作高质量跨越式发展。 相似文献
6.
Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies, soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed. By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating eco-geographic regions. 相似文献
7.
Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and
comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies,
soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators
are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national
soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper
discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships
between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic
zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content
and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern
China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed.
By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating
eco-geographic regions.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771016
Author: Liu Ye (1980–), Ph.D, specialized in integrated physical geography. 相似文献
8.
中国中温带东部生态地理区划的土壤指标选择 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国生态地理区域系统是我国区域系统研究定量化、系统化、动态性发展的重要成果。 为深入探讨其土壤指标体系建设问题, 以《中国土种志》和省级土壤资料中的剖面点数据为 基础, 采用主成分分析与判别分析相结合的方法, 以中温带东部地区为例, 探讨适合进行中 温带东部地区生态地理区域系统划分的土壤指标; 在此基础上对代表中温带东部地区生态地理区域特征的土壤类型进行聚类分析。结果表明： A 层有机质含量、阳离子交换量、pH 值、 粘粒含量和土壤容重等5 项指标在中温带东部的生态地理区域划分中作为土壤指标较为合适; 运用回归克里格方法, 得到5 项土壤指标的空间分布数据库; 与区划中土壤类型和单项土壤区划相比, 简洁量化的土壤指标更适宜系统的表述中温带东部的生态地理区域特点。 相似文献
9.
推广香根草篱作水土保持措施值得重视的几个问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1988年以来,我国推广香根草蓠作水土保持措施,收到的水土保持效益甚佳,香根草篱的短处有:经济效益欠佳,与作物争水肥,容易发生病虫害。为使香根草蓠扬长避短,提出的意见有:1.宜在秦岭-伏牛山以南海拔<2000米的地区推广;2.人少地多的山区荒坡地上可大力推广;3.建立香根草与经济作物组成的混合蓠;4.加强香根草病虫害防治研究。 相似文献
10.
Soil erosion and management on the Loess Plateau 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
CAI Qiang-guo 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(1):53-70
1 Introduction The Loess Plateau situated in northern China covers the drainage basins in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It starts from the western piedmont of Taihang Mountains in the east, reaches the eastern slope of the Wushao and Riyue mountains, connects the northern part of the Qinling Mountains in the south and borders the Great Wall in the north, covering an area of about 380,000 km2 (Figure 1). The region is overlain extensively by Quaternary loess in great thickness, … 相似文献
11.
Soil erosion and management on the Loess Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CAI Qiang-guo 《地理学报》2001,11(1):53-70
The Loess Plateau is well known to the world for its intense soil erosion. The root cause for river sedimentation of Yellow River (Huanghe) and its resultant "hanging river" in certain section is soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. The Loess Plateau has a long cultivation history, hence population growth, vegetation degeneration and plugging constitute the chief reason for serious soil and water loss on Loess Plateau. This paper analyses several successful cases and failures in soil conservation, presents practical soil conservation technique and related benefit analysis, and discusses some effective methods adopted in China in soil erosion control, research directions and future perspectives on Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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黄河流域土壤侵蚀产沙模型研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
土壤侵蚀产沙模型是国土资源动态变化模拟、土地资源环境质量评价、制定水土保持规划措施的重要技术手段,对指导生产实践具有十分重要的意义。黄河流域尤其是黄土高原的土壤侵蚀始终是土壤侵蚀和黄河泥沙研究的热门问题,近年来,结合“数字黄河”、“模型黄土高原”建设,广大地理学、水土保持、水利工程、水文学及水资源科技工作者,围绕黄河流域的土壤侵蚀产沙问题开展了大量卓有成效的工作,配合黄河流域水土保持以及水土资源合理配置和管理,从经验模型到理论模型,不仅提出和开发了许多具有十分重要实用价值的土壤侵蚀产沙模型,而且在引进国外先进技术、先进模型方面也做了大量工作。本文从土壤侵蚀产沙模型的自主开发和现有模型的应用两个方面、经验统计模型与物理模型两个领域简要回顾了90年代中期以后国内学者在黄河流域土壤侵蚀产沙模型方面主要的研究成果,并针对在该地区进行土壤侵蚀模型方面的研究方向提出了作者一些不成熟的看法和建议。 相似文献
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中国城市水土保持研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系统回顾了10多年来我国城市水土保持研究进展。首先从城市水土保持研究的阶段划分入手,将研究历程分为1995-1999年的问题导向型研究阶段和2000年至今的目标导向型研究阶段,并分析了不同阶段我国城市水土保持研究的重点和特色;其次,根据城市水土保持研究的理论框架从理论基础研究、形成机制研究、状况评价研究、保持措施研究四个方面进行了归纳与总结,另外对相关学科和理论发展也进行了介绍;最后,总结当前城市水土保持研究所存在的问题,提出结合城市土地利用开展基于城市水土保持的功能导向型研究,对未来研究发展的主要趋势和重点问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
17.
Based on the investigation and analysis of characteristics of precipitation, natural environment, socio-economic factors and
soil erosion, this paper indicates that the precipitation is the main driving force for the soil erosion in the sediment-rich
area, its variability determines the characteristics of soil and water loss; the natural conditions such as the drainage systems,
geological and topographic features, the composition of soil and land surface materials, vegetation and climate determine
the seriousness of soil and water loss; irrational socio-economic activities of human beings usually accelerated soil and
water loss; meanwhile, the low preservation rate and inferiority of soil and water conservation measures made it impossible
to make rapid progress on soil and water loss control. Furthermore, the characteristics of erosion environment endowed this
area with more sediment that is the main reason for the flooding disasters by the Yellow River. Therefore, more emphasis should
be placed on the enhancement of soil and water conservation. The soil loss prediction models will provide scientific basis
for the planning of soil and water conservation, the designing of soil and water conservation measures and the valuation of
effects of soil and water loss control. According to the analysis of the previous studies on soil loss prediction, and the
water-sediment variation features, it is thought that study on soil loss prediction under various rainfall conditions and
soil-water conservation measures should be carried out. 相似文献
18.
Based on the investigation and analysis of characteristics of precipitation, natural environment, socio-economic factors and soil erosion, this paper indicates that the precipitation is the main driving force for the soil erosion in the sediment-rich area, its variability determines the characteristics of soil and water loss; the natural conditions such as the drainage systems, geological and topographic features, the composition of soil and land surface materials, vegetation and climate determine the seriousness of soil and water loss; irrational socio-economic activities of human beings usually accelerated soil and water loss; meanwhile, the low preservation rate and inferiority of soil and water conservation measures made it impossible to make rapid progress on soil and water loss control. Furthermore, the characteristics of erosion environment endowed this area with more sediment that is the main reason for the flooding disasters by the Yellow River. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on the enhancement of soil and water conservation. The soil loss prediction models will provide scientific basis for the planning of soil and water conservation, the designing of soil and water conservation measures and the valuation of effects of soil and water loss control. According to the analysis of the previous studies on soil loss prediction, and the water-sediment variation features, it is thought that study on soil loss prediction under various rainfall conditions and soil-water conservation measures should be carried out. 相似文献
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元谋干热河谷区水土流失现状及治理对策 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
元谋干热河谷区气候炎热干燥、植被稀疏、生态环境脆弱,加之人类活动的干扰,水土流失严重,流失面积1080.79km^2,占总面积的53．5％。通过对水土流失特征、危害、水土保持存在问题的分析,提出了该区水土流失的治理措施和建议。 相似文献
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Wenjiao Shi Yunfeng Hu Xiaoli Shi Zong Wang Huimin Yan Ziwei Xu Bo Ren Wenhui Kuang Xinliang Xu Weiming Cheng Yan Chen Dongbo Wu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(12):1675-1688
Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development (ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionalization could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions (prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces. 相似文献