共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
采用旋转挡土墙计算模型的变换法,将在地震和拟静力法条件下主动土压力的求解问题转化为在静力条件下主动土压力的求解问题。根据在静力条件下水平层分析法的主动土压力推导结果,直接获得在地震条件下主动土压力强度分布、土压力合力及其作用点位置的表达式,并运用图解法得到了临界破裂角的解析解。公式可考虑水平和垂直地震加速度、不同墙背倾角、墙背和坡面倾角与填料存在黏结力和外摩擦角、存在均布超载等诸多因素的影响,公式可以适用于在常用边界和地震条件下黏性土的主动土压力计算。旋转地震角法是将在地震和拟静力法条件下挡土墙计算模型旋转为在静力条件下挡土墙计算模型,但旋转挡土墙计算模型并不改变挡土墙和墙后填土的应力状态,按在静力条件下挡土墙主动土压力求解方法求解在地震和拟静力法条件下主动土压力,该方法大大简化了在地震和拟静力法条件下的主动土压力计算公式推导过程,统一了在拟静力法条件下的地震土压力求解,理论更加完善。 相似文献
2.
多级组合支挡结构形式在高边坡防护工程中得到了广泛采用,但现有研究却较少涉及这种支挡结构形式的地震土压力计算问题。应用拟静力法和塑性极限分析上限定理,并且基于强度折减技术,推导了重力式挡墙与两级锚杆挡墙组合支挡结构形式的地震主动土压力及其系数的上限解。该上限解考虑了水平和竖向地震系数、墙背倾角、坡面形式及多级支护方式、土体黏聚力、土体与墙背的黏附力等诸多因素。二级锚杆挡墙实例分析表明：静力条件下主动土压力计算值与现有相关方法的计算结果一致,土的抗剪强度折减系数、上挡墙锚杆轴力等参数,对下挡墙地震主动土压力影响显著。二级组合支挡结构地震主动土压力影响参数敏感性分析表明：水平地震系数以及重力式挡墙墙高和倾角的敏感性较大,上挡墙锚杆的轴力和倾角等参数的敏感性相对较小 相似文献
3.
目前关于临近地下室外墙影响的挡土墙空间土压力的计算理论的研究还比较少,原有的平面应变条件下的理论不能满足挡土墙的长高比B/H较小时的挡土墙土压力计算要求。通过将土拱效应原理引入顾慰慈[8]建立的空间土压力计算模型,建立了考虑土拱效应的临近地下室外墙影响的空间土压力计算模型,根据挡土墙和地下室外墙的间距与土体破裂面状态的关系将该模型分为3种情况,并将各模型划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个区域,通过在各个区域内取水平微分单元体,建立各微分单元体的水平和竖向静力平衡方程,推导出了各区相应的挡土墙空间主动土压力计算公式,该公式可以计算出墙背任意位置的主动土压力;并提出了空间土压力合力及其合力作用点的计算方法。通过算例计算可以直观地看出挡土墙后主动土压力的空间分布,由此可以看出,当空间效应存在时,考虑土拱效应的挡土墙主动土压力沿墙长的分布与平面应变条件时有很大的不同,此时挡土墙两端附近区域的主动土压力远小于平面应变条件下计算出的主动土压力,同时可以看出,考虑空间效应的挡土墙主动土压力合力作用点要比平面应变条件下的位置要高,挡土墙长高比B/H越小,空间效应对主动土压力沿墙长的分布和主动土压力合力作用点位置的影响越大。 相似文献
4.
Knowledge of seismic active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall is very important. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic
approach, which considers the effect of both compression and shear wave propagation, is adopted to calculate the seismic active
force supporting c-Φ backfill. Considering a planar rupture surface, the effect of wide range of parameters like inclination of retaining wall,
wall friction and soil friction angle, shear wave and compression wave velocity, horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients
are taken into account to evaluate the seismic active force. Results are presented in terms of seismic coefficients in tabular
form and variation of pressure with depth. 相似文献
5.
Static and dynamic active earth pressure 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Summary The dynamic active earth pressure on retaining structures due to seismic loading is commonly obtained by using the modified Coulomb's approach which is known as the Mononobe-Okabe method. This method has generally been used for cohesionless soils only. A general solution for the determination of total (i.e. static and dynamic) active earth force for a c- soil as backfill was developed by Prakash and Saran in 1966 based on the simplifying assumption that adhesion between the wall-soil interface is equal to the cohesion of the soil, that the surface of the backfill is horizontal, and that the effect of the vertical acceleration can be neglected. This note presents an improved method for calculating the static and dynamic active force behind a rigid retaining wall based on its geometry, inclination of the backfill, surcharge, strength parameters of the backfill, and the adhesion between the wall face and the soil. The effects of adhesion, inclination of backfill, and vertical components of seismic loading for a typical retaining wall are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Deepankar Choudhury Sanjay S. Nimbalkar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1103-1113
Knowledge of seismic active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall is very important in the design of retaining wall in
earthquake prone region. Commonly used Mononobe-Okabe method considers pseudo-static approach, which gives the linear distribution
of seismic earth pressure in an approximate way. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the distribution
of seismic active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill in more realistic manner by considering
time and phase difference within the backfill. Planar rupture surface is considered in the analysis. Effects of a wide range
of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity and horizontal and
vertical seismic accelerations on seismic active earth pressure have been studied. Results are provided in tabular and graphical
non-dimensional form with a comparison to pseudo-static method to highlight the realistic non-linearity of seismic active
earth pressures distribution. 相似文献
7.
Summary Pseudo-static and dynamic non-linear finite element analyses have been performed to assess the dynamic behaviour of gravity retaining walls subjected to horizontal earthquake loading. In the pseudo-static analysis, the peak ground acceleration is converted into a pseudo-static inertia force and applied as a horizontal incremental gravity load. In the dynamic analysis, an actual measured earthquake acceleration time history has been scaled to provide peak ground acceleration values of 0.1 g and 0.3 g. Good agreement is obtained between the pseudo-static analysis and analytical methods for the calculation of the active coefficient of earth pressure. However, the results from the dynamic analysis require careful interpretation. In the pseudo-static analysis, the increase in the point of application of the resultant active force with the horizontal earthquake coefficient k
h from the one-third point to the mid-height of the wall is clearly observed. In the dynamic analysis, the variation in the point of application is shown to be a function of the type of wall deformation. Both finite element analyses indicate the importance of determining the magnitude of the predicted displacements when assessing the behaviour of the wall to seismic loading. 相似文献
8.
挡土墙库仑土压力的遗传算法求解分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在对破裂面上滑动土体静力极限平衡分析的基础上,建立了基于优化方法求解无黏性土、黏性土库仑土压力的自变量取值区间和目标函数模型,并采用遗传进化方法进行了实例求解分析。研究结果表明,遗传算法在计算挡土墙库仑主动土压力的过程中,收敛速度快、用时短,并具有较高的计算精度。算例1中5组无黏性土挡土墙的主动土压力的计算结果与经典库仑解析解非常接近,平均误差为1.748 %,平均进化代数为15代。算例2中8组黏性土挡土墙的主动土压力计算结果与文献的解答非常吻合,平均误差仅为0.017 %,平均进化代数为17.125代。遗传算法具有良好的适应性和强大的搜索性能,非常适合求解岩土工程优化问题。 相似文献
9.
In normal practice, the active earth pressure on cantilever retaining wall is evaluated with different procedures relating to an ideal vertical plane passing through the heel of the wall. If the wall presents a long heel, failure planes do not interfere with the vertical stem, so that the limit Rankine conditions can develop freely in the backfill. The inclination of lateral actions along the ideal plane is assumed to be constant and depends on the geometry of the ground level and on the friction angle φ. The Authors recently proposed a new method to evaluate the active earth pressure coefficient due to seismic loading with a pseudo-static stress plasticity solution. The present paper describes the application of this method to a retaining wall supporting a φ soil backfill with an irregular surface. For two different configurations of wall-soil system, the behaviour is also studied by continuum FDM dynamic analyses, utilising four Italian accelerometric time-histories scaled at the same peak ground acceleration. The comparison between different procedures is also analysed. 相似文献
10.
Deepankar Choudhury Amey Deepak Katdare Anindya Pain 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):391-402
In earthquake prone areas, calculation of seismic active earth pressure on retaining wall is very important. Analytical methods till date for computation of seismic active earth pressure do not consider the effect of Rayleigh wave though it constitutes about 67 % of the total seismic energy. In this paper a new dynamic approach is proposed by considering all possible seismic waves viz. primary, shear and Rayleigh waves for estimation of seismic active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall by satisfying all the boundary conditions. Limit equilibrium method is used for estimation of optimised seismic active earth pressure for a rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill with critical combinations of seismic accelerations. The seismic influence zone obtained in this study is about 22 and 17 % larger when compared with available pseudo-static and pseudo-dynamic methods respectively, which indicates the significant effect of Rayleigh wave. Also, there is an increase of about 14 and 6 % in seismic active earth pressure coefficient when the present results are typically compared with pseudo-static and pseudo-dynamic methods respectively. Moreover present results compare well with the available experimental results. Present results are more critical for the design estimation of seismic active earth pressure by considering all major seismic waves as proposed in the new dynamic approach. 相似文献
11.
For retaining walls built in mountainous regions, narrow backfill spaces are often encountered. The space to fully develop the active wedge is restricted for walls with a limited backfill space. This paper presents a numerical study on the behaviour of active earth pressures behind a rigid retaining wall with limited backfill space of various geometries. The active earth pressure for a wall built with limited backfill space is considerably less than that of the Coulomb solution, and the location of the resultant of active earth pressures is noticeably higher than one-third of the wall height. The coefficient of active earth pressures is as low as 0.5–0.6 times the Coulomb solution and the h/H value reaches up to 0.4–0.37 if aspect ratio of the fill space is in the range from 0.1 to 0.2. A clear trend between the ratio of the coefficient of active earth pressures at constrained fill conditions over the Coulomb Ka value and the aspect ratio of the fill-space geometry is obtained. 相似文献
12.
临近地下室外墙影响下的考虑土拱效应的挡土墙主动土压力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当挡土墙附近存在临近建筑地下室外墙时,其挡土墙土压力与传统的Rankine理论基于无限半空间体假定不符,因而在这种新的工程背景下需要采用合适的理论来计算挡土墙土压力及其作用点高度。已有的研究表明,这种条件下土体的变形趋势可分为上、下两大部分：上部土体变形类似于Terzaghi的活动门试验,土体沿着墙体下滑,而下部土体则沿着土楔形体而变形。因而将土拱效应用于求解挡土墙土压力的计算分成了上、下两大部分考虑。假定土拱形状为圆弧,基于主应力旋转概念分别给出了上、下两部分的侧向土压力系数,运用水平微分层析法基于静力平衡思想给出了两部分的水平向主动土压力分布公式。最后通过坐标平移的方式给出了主动土压力合力及其作用点高度的表达式。算例表明,计算结果与数值计算结果较为接近,其结果对实际工程有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
13.
改进的主动土压力计算方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
墙背土压力分布与挡土墙的位移大小和转动模式密切相关。针对绕墙底向外转动的刚性挡土墙,基于土压力形成机制的分析及已有的研究成果,建立挡土墙位移与墙背土体内摩擦角发挥值之间的关系式,反映了墙背土体内摩擦角随着挡土墙位移的增加而渐进发挥的过程。在此基础上,提出一种改进的考虑位移影响的主动土压力计算方法。计算结果表明,随着挡土墙位移的增大,墙背土压力由静止土压力逐步减小。当挡土墙位移达到临界值后,相应的墙背土压力均收敛于库仑主动土压力。墙底背面土压力也是随着挡土墙位移的增长而逐步收敛于库仑主动土压力。与模型试验结果对比表明,理论计算值与试验实测值基本吻合。 相似文献
14.
黏性土填料下考虑土拱效应的非极限主动土压力计算方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不论挡土墙填料采用砂性土,还是黏性土,其墙背主动土压力与墙体倾角和位移关系存在较大的联系,因而研究黏性土填料下的非极限主动土压力计算理论具有重要意义。通过应力状态分析给出了非极限状态下考虑土拱效应的侧向主动土压力系数,然后采用水平微分层析法给出了倾斜墙下非极限主动土压力解析解。通过与室内模拟试验及已有理论进行对比,验证了该方法的合理性。最后研究了相关参数包括位移比?,墙土摩擦角与内摩擦角之比? /?,墙体倾角?,黏聚力c等对主动土压力分布及其作用点高度的影响。结果表明：土体由静止状态向极限主动土压力状态发展时,土拱效应的影响会越来越大。随着? /?的不断增大,土压力分布曲线非线性强度会不断增强,土压力合力作用点高度呈上升趋势,并且? /?对土压力的影响会随着位移比? 的增大而增大。随着挡土墙墙背倾斜角度? 的不断增大,土拱效应对非极限主动土压力的影响减小。随着土体填料黏聚力的不断增大,上部张拉裂缝高度也会随之增加,且土压力合力作用点越低。给出的考虑土拱效应的非极限主动土压力计算方法对于丰富挡土墙土压力计算理论具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
为考虑挡墙位移效应对地震土压力的影响,依据前人试验研究的结论,将摩擦角表示为与挡墙位移量和位置高度相关的函数,然后基于拟动力法和水平层分析法,推导得出RT位移模式下的地震非极限主动土压力和合力作用点的计算表达式。计算模型可描述摩擦角沿着墙高逐渐发展的不同非极限位移状态工况,并建立了挡墙位移、地震动荷载和土压力之间的相互联系。参数分析讨论了振动时间、挡土墙位移状态、地震加速度参数和土体摩擦角对地震主动土压力分布、合力大小以及合力作用点高度的影响。相比于传统的极限状态地震土压力理论,所提方法更合理地描述了地震土压力随挡墙位移的发展过程,对发展非极限土压力理论和改进边坡工程中的抗震计算方法具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
16.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):218-229
ABSTRACTThe present study deals with the determination of passive earth pressure under seismic condition by following the lower bound finite elements limit analysis and modified pseudo-dynamic methodology. In accordance with the lower bound finite elements formulation, the stress field was modelled using a three-noded triangular elements, while the passive pressure was determined via linear optimisation. The parametric study was performed, for a vertical rigid retaining wall, by varying the magnitude of seismic acceleration in horizontal direction (kh) between 0 and 0.3, while the vertical seismic acceleration (kv) was kept equal to 0 or 0.5 kh. Furthermore, the damping coefficient for dry cohesionless backfill was kept ξ = 10%. The obtained results in various cases were found to be in good agreement with those found in the literature. It is expected that this method can be further used for solving other important geotechnical stability problems. 相似文献
17.
地震作用下挡土墙主动土压力及转动位移分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析地震引起的挡土墙位移及墙后土压力,对于评估挡土墙可靠性具有重要意义。基于拟动力法,考虑时效、地震波传播的相位差、超载、墙背摩擦角、填土黏聚力以及填土开裂等影响,建立地震作用下挡土墙主动土压力计算模型,获得挡土墙绕墙趾转动模式下主动土压力大小、分布形式及作用点高度。同时,考虑挡土墙本身受地震荷载作用的影响,求出挡土墙绕墙趾的转动位移。通过与Mononobe-Okabe法对比可知,文中获得的主动土压力值与Mononobe-Okabe法接近,但Mononobe-Okabe法低估了主动土压力作用点高度,表明采用Mononobe-Okabe法设计存在风险。通过算例分析了地震系数、墙背摩擦系数、超载大小、时间、填土黏聚力和内摩擦角对挡土墙转动位移的影响。 相似文献
18.
以墙后为无黏性填土的竖直刚性挡土墙作为研究对象,假定墙后土体中形成圆弧形土拱,考虑水平土层间的剪应力,修正了水平层分析法,从而得到平动模式下主动土压力分布、合力大小及其作用点位置的表达式。通过与模型试验结果和现有理论成果的对比分析,证明了修正方法的合理性。参数分析表明,水平土层间的平均剪应力受墙土摩擦角、填土内摩擦角等因素的影响,与主动土压力一样沿墙高为非线性分布。同时,考虑水平土层间剪应力作用得到的侧向主动土压力系数、主动土压力合力与不考虑剪应力作用的理论解答相同,但合力作用点位置高于库仑解,且低于不考虑剪应力作用的理论解答。 相似文献
19.
By using the lower-bound finite element limit analysis, the stability of a long unsupported circular tunnel has been examined with an inclusion of seismic body forces. The numerical results have been presented in terms of a non-dimensional stability number (γH/c) which is plotted as a function of horizontal seismic earth pressure coefficient (k h) for different combinations of H/D and ?; where (1) H is the depth of the crest of the tunnel from ground surface, (2) D is the diameter of the tunnel, (3) k h is the earthquake acceleration coefficient and (4) γ, c and ? define unit weight, cohesion and internal friction angle of soil mass, respectively. The stability numbers have been found to decrease continuously with an increase in k h. With an inclusion of k h, the plastic zone around the periphery of the tunnel becomes asymmetric. As compared to the results reported in the literature, the present analysis provides a little lower estimate of the stability numbers. The numerical results obtained would be useful for examining the stability of unsupported tunnel under seismic forces. 相似文献
20.
Seismic active earth pressure on walls with bilinear backface using pseudo-dynamic approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper presents a study on the seismic active earth pressure behind a rigid cantilever retaining wall with bilinear backface using pseudo-dynamic approach. The wall has sudden change in inclination along its depth and a planar failure surface has been considered behind the retaining wall. The effects of a wide range of parameters like soil friction angle, wall inclination, wall friction angle, amplification of vibration, variation of shear modulus, and horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on the active earth pressure have been explored in the present study. Unlike the Mononobe-Okabe method, which incorporates pseudo-static analysis, the present analysis predicts a nonlinear variation of active earth pressure along the wall. The results have been compared with the existing values in the literature. 相似文献