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1.
Kourosh Ghaffari Irdmoosa 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(2):71-84
The current study was undertaken to study the effect of soil arching on active earth pressure distribution in retaining walls with c–φ backfill. An analytical approach is presented to develop a general solution considering the effects of surcharge, backfill soil cohesion and slip surface inclination. The magnitude and height of the application of lateral active force is also derived. The results from the proposed equation corresponded to the measured results from a full-scale test, shows non-linear pressure distribution with zero pressure at wall base and less pressure in deeper heights compared to Coulomb’s method. According to the results of parametric analysis, the proposed equation predicts the active earth thrust nearly equal to that of the Coulomb’s equation, however, the surcharge-induced soil pressure is obtained approximately 50% greater than the conventional equation. Moreover, the height of application of active thrust is located at the height of 0.4H from the wall base. These indicate that using the Coulomb’s active equation for retaining walls design, is not in the safe side. 相似文献
2.
针对现有有限土体刚性挡土墙主动土压力研究大都集中于临近建筑物墙体或地下室外墙的狭窄土体,相邻基坑、路堤与切坡挡土墙形成放坡状态有限土体研究甚少,本文考虑填土黏聚力及墙土间黏结力、墙土间摩擦作用、墙背倾角及填土顶面竖向荷载等的影响,利用刚体极限平衡理论进行研究。根据相邻基坑与边坡挡土墙放坡状有限土体的工程特性,分析挡土墙平动位移模式下平面滑动破裂面的形成特征,建立放坡状态有限土体主动土压力计算模型,并利用数值计算方法可以求解。通过对放坡状有限土体主动土压力进行算例分析与参数分析,表明极限破裂角与宽高比、黏聚力、墙背倾角及墙土间外摩擦角为负相关,不同黏聚力下随着宽高比增大,极限破裂角趋近于考虑黏聚力作用库伦方法得到的极限破裂角值,不同黏聚力下有限土体宽度临界值亦是变化的;主动土压力随黏聚力、墙背倾角及墙土外摩擦角增大而减小,随着宽高比增大而增大并逐步趋近于库伦方法计算的土压力值。最后,通过模型试验验证表明按本文方法计算的极限破裂角与实测破裂角吻合,PIV系统测试得到的临界宽高比与库伦方法的结果一致。 相似文献
3.
In normal practice, the active earth pressure on cantilever retaining wall is evaluated with different procedures relating to an ideal vertical plane passing through the heel of the wall. If the wall presents a long heel, failure planes do not interfere with the vertical stem, so that the limit Rankine conditions can develop freely in the backfill. The inclination of lateral actions along the ideal plane is assumed to be constant and depends on the geometry of the ground level and on the friction angle φ. The Authors recently proposed a new method to evaluate the active earth pressure coefficient due to seismic loading with a pseudo-static stress plasticity solution. The present paper describes the application of this method to a retaining wall supporting a φ soil backfill with an irregular surface. For two different configurations of wall-soil system, the behaviour is also studied by continuum FDM dynamic analyses, utilising four Italian accelerometric time-histories scaled at the same peak ground acceleration. The comparison between different procedures is also analysed. 相似文献
4.
挡土结构上土压力的计算是土力学和岩土工程领域的基本研究课题之一。实际工程中的土压力通常是介于主动土压力和被动土压力之间的某一值,墙后填土由于碾压具有较高的密实度。经典的朗肯和库仑土压力理论只能计算极限状态下的土压力,没有考虑挡墙的位移以及剪切过程中密砂的强度从峰值强度降低到残余强度这一强度变化特性对于土压力的影响。给出了考虑挡墙位移效应的被动侧土压力计算方法,该方法能够同时考虑剪切过程中密砂的强度从峰值强度降低为残余强度这一强度变化特性对被动土压力的影响。通过土压力模型试验结果对计算方法进行了初步验证,计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
5.
目前关于临近地下室外墙影响的挡土墙空间土压力的计算理论的研究还比较少,原有的平面应变条件下的理论不能满足挡土墙的长高比B/H较小时的挡土墙土压力计算要求。通过将土拱效应原理引入顾慰慈[8]建立的空间土压力计算模型,建立了考虑土拱效应的临近地下室外墙影响的空间土压力计算模型,根据挡土墙和地下室外墙的间距与土体破裂面状态的关系将该模型分为3种情况,并将各模型划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个区域,通过在各个区域内取水平微分单元体,建立各微分单元体的水平和竖向静力平衡方程,推导出了各区相应的挡土墙空间主动土压力计算公式,该公式可以计算出墙背任意位置的主动土压力;并提出了空间土压力合力及其合力作用点的计算方法。通过算例计算可以直观地看出挡土墙后主动土压力的空间分布,由此可以看出,当空间效应存在时,考虑土拱效应的挡土墙主动土压力沿墙长的分布与平面应变条件时有很大的不同,此时挡土墙两端附近区域的主动土压力远小于平面应变条件下计算出的主动土压力,同时可以看出,考虑空间效应的挡土墙主动土压力合力作用点要比平面应变条件下的位置要高,挡土墙长高比B/H越小,空间效应对主动土压力沿墙长的分布和主动土压力合力作用点位置的影响越大。 相似文献
6.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):231-244
ABSTRACTBackfills behind retaining walls are often made of collapsible soils, which are subjected to wetting by surface running water or by rising the groundwater table. Collapsible soil shows considerable strength when it is dry or at a relatively low degree of saturation and experiences excessive and sudden settlement when it is inundated. This paper presents an experimental investigation on walls retaining overconsolidated collapsible soil subjected to passive earth pressure. A prototype model of a vertical wall, retaining horizontal backfill was developed. Collapsible soil was prepared in the laboratory by mixing kaolin clay with fine sand. The model was instrumented to measure the total passive earth force on the wall, the passive earth pressure at strategic locations on the wall, and the overconsolidation ratio of the soil in the testing tank. The state of passive pressure was developed by pushing the wall horizontally toward the backfill without any rotation. Tests were conducted on walls retaining overconsolidated collapsible soil at the dry and at full saturation conditions. Results showed that for the dry state, the passive earth pressure increases with the increase of the collapse potential and overconsolidation ratio, and was significantly dropped at full saturation. 相似文献
7.
Debabrata Giri 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(1):72-78
The designing of retaining walls requires the complete knowledge of earth pressure distribution. Under earthquake conditions the design needs special attention to reduce the devastating effect, but under seismic conditions, the available literature mostly uses the pseudo-static analytical solution as an approximate to the real dynamic nature of the complex problem. This paper shows a detailed study on the seismic passive earth thrust behind a cantilever retaining wall with inclined backfill surface by pseudo-dynamic analysis. A planar failure surface has been considered. The effect of variation of parameters such as soil friction angle, wall friction angle and back fill inclination have been explored. A complete analysis shows that the time dependent non-linear behaviour of the pressure distribution obtained in the present method results in more realistic design values of earth pressures under earthquake conditions. Results are provided in tabular and graphical non-dimensional form and compared thoroughly with the existing values in the literature. 相似文献
8.
填土水平墙背竖直光滑的挡墙,墙后土体处于以自重应力和水平应力为主应力的应力状态。实际工程中,挡墙背面与土体存在一定的摩擦及黏结力作用致使挡墙附近土体中的主应力发生偏转,此时,经典朗肯土压力理论不再适用。本文对挡墙附近土中的主应力状态进行旋转处理,通过分析墙后填土中应力状态摩尔圆,得到了考虑墙土摩擦和黏结力作用的黏性填土挡墙主被动土压力计算公式,分析了填土内摩擦角与墙土摩擦角对土压力的影响,使用算例将本文方法所得结果与现有黏性土土压力计算方法所得结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,朗肯土压力公式是本文所得计算公式的特例;随着墙土摩擦角和内摩擦角的增加,被动土压力逐渐加快增大;主动土压力随着内摩擦角的增加而减小;当内摩擦角较小时,主动土压力随着墙土摩擦角的增大不断减小,当内摩擦角较大时,主动土压力随着墙土摩擦角的增大先减小后增大;土内摩擦角的影响大于墙土摩擦的影响;相对于现有方法计算结果,本文方法所得主动土压力较大,被动土压力较小,墙土摩擦越大,2种方法所得结果的差值越大,土黏聚力还会加大这一差值。本文方法考虑了墙背土体主应力方向偏转的客观事实,所得计算结果将更符合实际情况。 相似文献
9.
基于库仑土压力理论的假设,主动土压力是由墙后填土在极限平衡状态下出现的滑动体产生,从墙后滑动体整体静力平衡方程出发,推导出坡面起伏且有不均匀超载、倾斜墙背、黏性填土等一般情况下的主动土压力泛函极值的等周模型。在该基础上,引入拉格朗日乘子,将主动土压力问题转化为确定含有两个函数自变量的泛函极值问题。依据泛函取极值时必须满足的欧拉方程,得到了线性的滑面函数和沿滑面线性分布的法向应力函数。结合边界条件和横截条件,主动土压力泛函极值问题进一步转化为单个未知量的一维方程问题。通过算例,土压力计算结果与库仑土压力理论解完全一致,但土压力作用点在墙体的相对位置却并非总是作用在墙高的1/3 处。通过算例进一步表明,坡面的起伏和坡面超载的不均匀性对主动土压力大小和作用点位置有显著的影响。 相似文献
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Currently, knowledge of the failure mechanisms of narrow backfills with retaining walls rotating about the top (RT mode) is still lacking which leads to inaccurate estimations of the earth pressure. Numerical simulations using finite element limit analysis find that under the effects of backfill geometries, interface strengths, and soil properties, the upper soil layer supported by soil arching retains its integrity and the lower soil layer is sheared by multiple curved sliding surfaces in the limit state. Based on the failure mechanisms of narrow backfills, a calculation model is established which considers the soil arching effect, curved sliding surface, and cohesive soils. Analytical solutions for the earth pressure of narrow cohesive backfills with retaining walls rotating about the top are derived by using the limit equilibrium horizontal slice method. Compared with previous studies, the present method predicts the earth pressure distribution with higher accuracy. Several extensive parametric studies have also been conducted. Thus, decreasing the aspect ratio of backfills, increasing the inclined angle of natural slopes, interface strengths, and soil cohesion are beneficial for maintaining backfill integrity and reducing earth pressure against retaining walls.
相似文献13.
挡土墙库仑土压力的遗传算法求解分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在对破裂面上滑动土体静力极限平衡分析的基础上,建立了基于优化方法求解无黏性土、黏性土库仑土压力的自变量取值区间和目标函数模型,并采用遗传进化方法进行了实例求解分析。研究结果表明,遗传算法在计算挡土墙库仑主动土压力的过程中,收敛速度快、用时短,并具有较高的计算精度。算例1中5组无黏性土挡土墙的主动土压力的计算结果与经典库仑解析解非常接近,平均误差为1.748 %,平均进化代数为15代。算例2中8组黏性土挡土墙的主动土压力计算结果与文献的解答非常吻合,平均误差仅为0.017 %,平均进化代数为17.125代。遗传算法具有良好的适应性和强大的搜索性能,非常适合求解岩土工程优化问题。 相似文献
14.
离心模型挡土墙试验设备的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土压力问题是土力学和岩土工程领域的基本研究课题。土压力离心模型试验是验证土压力计算方法和研究土压力形成物理机制的有力工具。笔者研制开发的土压力离心模型试验设备,可用于刚性挡墙的静止土压力和平动模式下主动侧土压力的研究。该设备采用电机作为驱动系统,使得挡墙能够缓慢均匀地位移;配备有控制挡墙位移的自动控制系统,使得挡墙在离心加速度增大的过程能够保持静止状态。针对填土面水平、墙后填土为砂土的情况进行了离心模型试验,测量了墙背土压力及填土位移场随挡墙位移量的变化。试验结果规律好,验证了设备的有效性。 相似文献
15.
Deepankar Choudhury Sanjay S. Nimbalkar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1103-1113
Knowledge of seismic active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall is very important in the design of retaining wall in
earthquake prone region. Commonly used Mononobe-Okabe method considers pseudo-static approach, which gives the linear distribution
of seismic earth pressure in an approximate way. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the distribution
of seismic active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill in more realistic manner by considering
time and phase difference within the backfill. Planar rupture surface is considered in the analysis. Effects of a wide range
of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity and horizontal and
vertical seismic accelerations on seismic active earth pressure have been studied. Results are provided in tabular and graphical
non-dimensional form with a comparison to pseudo-static method to highlight the realistic non-linearity of seismic active
earth pressures distribution. 相似文献
16.
作为一种柔性支挡结构,加筋土挡墙相较于传统重力式挡墙具有优越的抗震性能。由于结构在地震等动荷载作用下的动力响应大小与其自身的固有频率大小有关,因此,固有频率的研究显得尤为重要,特别是其最小值基频。以整体刚性面板加筋土挡墙为研究对象,分别用弹性地基梁模型、线性弹簧模型表示面板、填土及筋材,提出了一种加筋土挡墙固有频率计算方法。计算求得的基频值与既有瑞利能量法计算值具有较好的一致性。参数分析表明：填土中铺设筋材可以增大墙体的基频;对于加筋土挡墙,筋材长度以及筋材-填土界面摩擦系数对墙体基频影响较小;随着筋材竖向间距的增大,加筋密度对加筋土挡墙基频的影响逐渐减小;墙体基频随着面板宽度的增大先减小后增大;随着面板模量的减小,墙体基频趋于恒值。 相似文献
17.
山区挡土墙土压力的现场试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合某山区高速公路多个挡土墙墙背水平土压力的监测数据,对挡土墙墙背的水平土压力时空分布规律进行了详细地研究。研究结果表明：施工期间,不同深度的土压力随着上部填土高度增加而增长的速度不同,愈是接近墙顶,其增加越快;施工期间实测水平土压力介于静止土压力和被动土压力之间,在墙身的3/4以下与静止土压力接近,在墙身的1/2以上与垂直土压力接近。刚施工完的挡土墙土压力为非线性分布,近似成双直线,实际土压力合力介于静止土压合力和垂直土压合力之间,更接近静止土压合力,其大小约为库伦主动土压力的2.5倍,为库伦被动土压力的0.3倍。土压力合力作用点在0.38倍墙高处。土压力随着时间而变化,在测量期间土压力变化规律为先减少后增加,总的趋势是不断增加,且随时间的变化量较大。 相似文献
18.
Static and dynamic active earth pressure 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Summary The dynamic active earth pressure on retaining structures due to seismic loading is commonly obtained by using the modified Coulomb's approach which is known as the Mononobe-Okabe method. This method has generally been used for cohesionless soils only. A general solution for the determination of total (i.e. static and dynamic) active earth force for a c- soil as backfill was developed by Prakash and Saran in 1966 based on the simplifying assumption that adhesion between the wall-soil interface is equal to the cohesion of the soil, that the surface of the backfill is horizontal, and that the effect of the vertical acceleration can be neglected. This note presents an improved method for calculating the static and dynamic active force behind a rigid retaining wall based on its geometry, inclination of the backfill, surcharge, strength parameters of the backfill, and the adhesion between the wall face and the soil. The effects of adhesion, inclination of backfill, and vertical components of seismic loading for a typical retaining wall are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Xu Shi-Yu Lawal Abiodun Ismail Shamsabadi Anoosh Taciroglu Ertugrul 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(2):579-594
The Rankine earth pressure theory is extended herein to an inclined c–? backfill. An analytical approach is then proposed to compute the static passive and active lateral earth pressures for a sloping cohesive backfill retained by a vertical wall, with the presence of wall–soil interface adhesion. The proposed method is based on a limit equilibrium analysis coupled with the method of slices wherein the assumed profile of the backfill failure surface is a composite of log-spiral and linear segments. The geometry of the failure surface is determined using the stress states of the soil at the two boundaries of the mobilized soil mass. The resultant lateral earth thrust, the point of application, and the induced moment on the wall are computed considering global and local equilibrium of forces and moments. Results of the proposed approach are compared with those predicted by a number of analytical models currently adopted in the design practice for various combinations of soil’s frictional angles, wall–soil interface frictional angles, inclined angles of backfill and soil cohesions. The predicted results are also verified against those obtained from finite element analyses for several scenarios under the passive condition. It is found that the magnitude of earth thrust increases with the backfill inclination angle under both the passive and active conditions.
相似文献20.
针对重力式挡土墙墙后分层填土对墙身受力影响的问题,深入研究分析墙背土压力动态变化值及规律性,利用大型通用有限元分析软件ADINA,建立了平面应变单元及墙、土接触单元的有限元计算模型,并且综合考虑墙后回填土Mohr-Coulomb材料本构模型,初始地应力场平衡、墙后回填土分层碾压填筑,设置墙、土之间的接触受力进行有限元分析计算,最终采用库仑主动土压力理论计算、预埋土压力仪器监测与有限元仿真计算结果进行对比分析,能够准确地反映墙后回填土因分层填筑而导致土压力变化的规律及三者偏差幅度规律,为同类重力式挡土墙在土基上的设计和施工提供科学的技术支撑和经验参考。 相似文献