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1.
挡土结构上土压力的计算是土力学和岩土工程领域的基本研究课题之一。实际工程中的土压力通常是介于主动土压力和被动土压力之间的某一值,墙后填土由于碾压具有较高的密实度。经典的朗肯和库仑土压力理论只能计算极限状态下的土压力,没有考虑挡墙的位移以及剪切过程中密砂的强度从峰值强度降低到残余强度这一强度变化特性对于土压力的影响。给出了考虑挡墙位移效应的被动侧土压力计算方法,该方法能够同时考虑剪切过程中密砂的强度从峰值强度降低为残余强度这一强度变化特性对被动土压力的影响。通过土压力模型试验结果对计算方法进行了初步验证,计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
2.
极限状态下墙体侧向位移对土压力计算和支挡结构设计影响显著。根据Rankine变形体和Coulomb刚塑体模型,将墙后土体变形分别当作单剪和直剪试验中试样的剪切过程,以达到极限剪切变形（剪应变或单位长度剪切位移）作为进入主被动状态标准,构建了土体变形与墙体位移的几何关系,提出了反映土体变形与强度特性,同时考虑静止时初始应力状态影响的墙体极限侧向位移近似计算模型。分析表明：土体极限剪切变形、滑移区范围、初始应力状态是影响墙体极限位移的核心要素,其中极限剪切变形占据主导作用,是导致不同颗粒组成及密实程度土体进入极限状态所需墙体位移差异显著的主要原因,而主被动区范围不同和因静止土压力系数 1引起的初始剪切变形,则是被动状态墙体位移远大于主动的关键因素;算例中主动与被动状态下墙体位移与墙高之比分别介于0.5‰～13.2‰和?0.4%～?5.2%,且主动状态下细粒土墙体位移大于粗粒土,计算结果与工程经验及相关文献模型试验基本一致。 相似文献
3.
4.
已有的刚性挡土墙上三维被动土压力的研究主要基于挡土墙平移模式(T位移模式)下开展的，而对挡土墙绕顶转动模式(RT位移模式)下三维被动土压力的研究尚不充分。因此，该文采用数值方法系统地研究了RT位移模式下三维被动土压力及三维空间滑裂面性状。针对无黏性土体，得到了挡土墙宽度与深度比值、土体摩擦角大小和墙土接触面摩擦角比值对三维被动土压力系数及墙后土体滑裂面的影响，并与T位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和墙后土体的空间滑裂面形态进行了定量的比较。研究结果表明:RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和空间滑裂面形态均受土体内摩擦角及墙土接触面摩擦角比值的影响，且两者之间存在相互联系。RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和空间滑裂面形态与T位移模式下有显著的区别；RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数及空间滑裂面相比于T位移模式下较小。研究成果可为RT位移模式下三维被动土压力的进一步研究和相关工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Kourosh Ghaffari Irdmoosa 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(2):71-84
The current study was undertaken to study the effect of soil arching on active earth pressure distribution in retaining walls with c–φ backfill. An analytical approach is presented to develop a general solution considering the effects of surcharge, backfill soil cohesion and slip surface inclination. The magnitude and height of the application of lateral active force is also derived. The results from the proposed equation corresponded to the measured results from a full-scale test, shows non-linear pressure distribution with zero pressure at wall base and less pressure in deeper heights compared to Coulomb’s method. According to the results of parametric analysis, the proposed equation predicts the active earth thrust nearly equal to that of the Coulomb’s equation, however, the surcharge-induced soil pressure is obtained approximately 50% greater than the conventional equation. Moreover, the height of application of active thrust is located at the height of 0.4H from the wall base. These indicate that using the Coulomb’s active equation for retaining walls design, is not in the safe side. 相似文献
6.
One of the most important factors in optimized design of non-yielding retaining walls like basement walls and bridge abutments is to determine the exact variation of earth pressure acting on such walls. In this paper, the distribution of at rest earth pressure behind a laboratory model of a fixed and rigid retaining wall with a cohesionless dry backfill is measured under the effect of static and repeated loads. The same conditions of the experimental model are then simulated numerically with a two-dimensional finite-difference analysis computer code. For the purpose of model verification, the results of numerical model are compared to the results of the experimental model, which is similar in geometrical and geomechanical properties. Cyclic surcharges with different amplitudes and frequencies are applied in different distances from the wall, and the earth pressure distribution, the resultant force, and its point of application are investigated. The effect of soil and loading parameters on the at rest earth pressure is also evaluated, and a parametric study has been carried out. The results of model show a significant increase in the earth pressure due to cyclic loading compared to static loading, especially in the initial cycles of loading. It indicates that the effect of cycling nature of loading should be essentially taken into account in the design of retaining walls. 相似文献
7.
Currently, knowledge of the failure mechanisms of narrow backfills with retaining walls rotating about the top (RT mode) is still lacking which leads to inaccurate estimations of the earth pressure. Numerical simulations using finite element limit analysis find that under the effects of backfill geometries, interface strengths, and soil properties, the upper soil layer supported by soil arching retains its integrity and the lower soil layer is sheared by multiple curved sliding surfaces in the limit state. Based on the failure mechanisms of narrow backfills, a calculation model is established which considers the soil arching effect, curved sliding surface, and cohesive soils. Analytical solutions for the earth pressure of narrow cohesive backfills with retaining walls rotating about the top are derived by using the limit equilibrium horizontal slice method. Compared with previous studies, the present method predicts the earth pressure distribution with higher accuracy. Several extensive parametric studies have also been conducted. Thus, decreasing the aspect ratio of backfills, increasing the inclined angle of natural slopes, interface strengths, and soil cohesion are beneficial for maintaining backfill integrity and reducing earth pressure against retaining walls.
相似文献8.
简要介绍了颗粒抗转动模型,并将其引入离散元程序中,通过建立挡墙地基模型和合理选取模型参数,分别考虑了地基填土不同密实度和挡墙不同位移模式（被动T模式、RB模式、RT模式）情况下,刚性挡墙被动土压力随挡墙位移增长发展到达临界状态时,土压力系数 随位移发展的变化规律及墙后填土剪切带的形成规律,并与其他学者的研究成果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,土压力系数 随着挡墙位移增长的变化规律与填土的孔隙比（或相对密实度）和挡墙的位移模式紧密相关。随着孔隙比的减小或相对密实度的增大,土压力系数 会逐渐由位移硬化特性过渡为位移软化特性。尽管中密试样在双轴压缩试验中呈现出应变软化特性,而中密样的土压力系数 随着挡墙平动位移的增长可能呈现出位移软化特性,也可能呈现位移硬化特性。随着刚性挡墙向墙后土体推移,试样中的剪应变随之增大,并会在墙后形成应变局部化,即剪切带的出现。与室内试验剪应变云图相似,离散元较好地模拟了土压力临界状态时剪切带分布规律。同时,墙后土体表面不再是光滑的平面,而是逐渐隆起的凹凸面;随着挡墙位移增长,土体表面隆起量越来越大,直至土体破坏。 相似文献
9.
Analysis and Design of Retaining Wall having Reinforced Cohesive Frictional Backfill 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The case of a rigid wall with inclined back face retaining reinforced cohesive-frictional backfill subjected to uniformly
distributed surcharge load has been analyzed using limit equilibrium approach. The analysis considers the stability of an
element of the failure wedge, which is assumed to develop in the reinforced earth mass adjoining the back face of wall. The
non-dimensional charts have been developed for computing the lateral earth pressure on wall and the height of its point of
application above the base of wall. The theoretical findings have been verified by model tests on a rigid wall retaining a
dry cohesive-frictional soil reinforced by geogrid strips. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical
predictions. A design example has been included to illustrate the design procedure. 相似文献
10.
Debabrata Giri 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(1):72-78
The designing of retaining walls requires the complete knowledge of earth pressure distribution. Under earthquake conditions the design needs special attention to reduce the devastating effect, but under seismic conditions, the available literature mostly uses the pseudo-static analytical solution as an approximate to the real dynamic nature of the complex problem. This paper shows a detailed study on the seismic passive earth thrust behind a cantilever retaining wall with inclined backfill surface by pseudo-dynamic analysis. A planar failure surface has been considered. The effect of variation of parameters such as soil friction angle, wall friction angle and back fill inclination have been explored. A complete analysis shows that the time dependent non-linear behaviour of the pressure distribution obtained in the present method results in more realistic design values of earth pressures under earthquake conditions. Results are provided in tabular and graphical non-dimensional form and compared thoroughly with the existing values in the literature. 相似文献
11.
放坡状态有限土体刚性挡土墙主动土压力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有有限土体刚性挡土墙主动土压力研究大都集中于临近建筑物墙体或地下室外墙的狭窄土体,相邻基坑、路堤与切坡挡土墙形成放坡状态有限土体研究甚少,本文考虑填土黏聚力及墙土间黏结力、墙土间摩擦作用、墙背倾角及填土顶面竖向荷载等的影响,利用刚体极限平衡理论进行研究。根据相邻基坑与边坡挡土墙放坡状有限土体的工程特性,分析挡土墙平动位移模式下平面滑动破裂面的形成特征,建立放坡状态有限土体主动土压力计算模型,并利用数值计算方法可以求解。通过对放坡状有限土体主动土压力进行算例分析与参数分析,表明极限破裂角与宽高比、黏聚力、墙背倾角及墙土间外摩擦角为负相关,不同黏聚力下随着宽高比增大,极限破裂角趋近于考虑黏聚力作用库伦方法得到的极限破裂角值,不同黏聚力下有限土体宽度临界值亦是变化的;主动土压力随黏聚力、墙背倾角及墙土外摩擦角增大而减小,随着宽高比增大而增大并逐步趋近于库伦方法计算的土压力值。最后,通过模型试验验证表明按本文方法计算的极限破裂角与实测破裂角吻合,PIV系统测试得到的临界宽高比与库伦方法的结果一致。 相似文献
12.
To understand the serviceability aspects of seawalls, it is essential to study the permanent displacements of seawalls that occur during the earthquakes. Studies in the existing literature have concentrated on displacements of retaining walls with dry backfills; to the authors’ observation there is no specific analytical investigation devoted to the earthquake-induced displacements of retaining walls with submerged backfills. This paper focuses on sliding displacements of gravity type seawall retaining a submerged backfill under active earth pressure condition during the earthquakes. The threshold seismic acceleration coefficients required for initiation of sliding and the amount of sliding displacement due to seismic loading are calculated by adopting Newmark’s sliding block method. One of the prime features of the study is the estimation of seismic inertia forces in the submerged soil and wall applying the modified pseudo-dynamic method. The comparison of the results obtained using the proposed analytical formulation with the existing literature found to be in good agreement. A comprehensive parametric study has been conducted to understand the effects of different parameters such as seismic horizontal and vertical acceleration coefficients, soil and wall friction angles, width of the wall, wall inclination and excess pore water pressure ratio.
相似文献13.
For retaining walls built in mountainous regions, narrow backfill spaces are often encountered. The space to fully develop the active wedge is restricted for walls with a limited backfill space. This paper presents a numerical study on the behaviour of active earth pressures behind a rigid retaining wall with limited backfill space of various geometries. The active earth pressure for a wall built with limited backfill space is considerably less than that of the Coulomb solution, and the location of the resultant of active earth pressures is noticeably higher than one-third of the wall height. The coefficient of active earth pressures is as low as 0.5–0.6 times the Coulomb solution and the h/H value reaches up to 0.4–0.37 if aspect ratio of the fill space is in the range from 0.1 to 0.2. A clear trend between the ratio of the coefficient of active earth pressures at constrained fill conditions over the Coulomb Ka value and the aspect ratio of the fill-space geometry is obtained. 相似文献
14.
考虑位移效应的土压力计算理论 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于朗肯土压力理论,假定填土的内摩擦角与该点土体位移呈非线性关系,进而提出挡土墙的主动和被动土压力的计算模式。该模式随位移变化是连续的,且能考虑墙土间的摩擦的影响。又将其与砂土模型试验结果进行了对比分析,吻合较好,从而证明用该计算模式计算其主动或被动土压力是合理的。此外,根据该计算模式,导出了一种有效估算其静止土压力系数的计算方法。 相似文献
15.
以墙后填土为无黏性土的刚性挡土墙为研究对象,考虑墙后土体的土拱效应,修改了Shubhra Geol 抛物线形土拱表达式,推导了对应不同内摩擦角和墙-土摩擦角的挡土墙平动模式下的主动土压力系数。基于水平微分单元法,得到考虑土拱效应的主动土压力分布、合力大小和合力作用点高度的理论表达式,并与现有经典理论解及前人理论研究成果和模型试验数据进行对比分析,结果表明,主动土压力与墙-土接触面摩擦角、土体内摩擦角、土体重度和挡墙高度相关,土压力分布为非线性,与其他结果比较吻合,从而验证了该研究成果的正确性。 相似文献
16.
台阶式加筋土挡墙的原型试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对一座台阶式钢筋混凝土串联拉筋加筋土挡墙的筋带应力、土侧向压力、土竖向压力及挡墙变形进行了实测和分析, 所得结论可供设计类似支挡结构时参考。 相似文献
17.
This paper focuses on the influence of the initial void ratio on the evolution of the passive earth pressure and the formation
of shear zones in a dry sand body behind a retaining wall. For the numerical simulation a rigid and very rough retaining wall
undergoing a horizontal translation against the backfill is considered. The essential mechanical properties of cohesionless
granular soil are described with a micro-polar hypoplastic model which takes into account stresses and couple stresses, pressure
dependent limit void ratios and the mean grain size as a characteristic length. Numerical investigations are carried out with
an initially medium dense and initially loose sand using a homogeneous and random distribution of the initial void ratio.
The geometry of calculated shear zones is discussed and compared with a corresponding laboratory model test. 相似文献
18.
目前关于临近地下室外墙影响的挡土墙空间土压力的计算理论的研究还比较少,原有的平面应变条件下的理论不能满足挡土墙的长高比B/H较小时的挡土墙土压力计算要求。通过将土拱效应原理引入顾慰慈[8]建立的空间土压力计算模型,建立了考虑土拱效应的临近地下室外墙影响的空间土压力计算模型,根据挡土墙和地下室外墙的间距与土体破裂面状态的关系将该模型分为3种情况,并将各模型划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个区域,通过在各个区域内取水平微分单元体,建立各微分单元体的水平和竖向静力平衡方程,推导出了各区相应的挡土墙空间主动土压力计算公式,该公式可以计算出墙背任意位置的主动土压力;并提出了空间土压力合力及其合力作用点的计算方法。通过算例计算可以直观地看出挡土墙后主动土压力的空间分布,由此可以看出,当空间效应存在时,考虑土拱效应的挡土墙主动土压力沿墙长的分布与平面应变条件时有很大的不同,此时挡土墙两端附近区域的主动土压力远小于平面应变条件下计算出的主动土压力,同时可以看出,考虑空间效应的挡土墙主动土压力合力作用点要比平面应变条件下的位置要高,挡土墙长高比B/H越小,空间效应对主动土压力沿墙长的分布和主动土压力合力作用点位置的影响越大。 相似文献
19.
地震作用下挡土墙主动土压力及转动位移分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析地震引起的挡土墙位移及墙后土压力,对于评估挡土墙可靠性具有重要意义。基于拟动力法,考虑时效、地震波传播的相位差、超载、墙背摩擦角、填土黏聚力以及填土开裂等影响,建立地震作用下挡土墙主动土压力计算模型,获得挡土墙绕墙趾转动模式下主动土压力大小、分布形式及作用点高度。同时,考虑挡土墙本身受地震荷载作用的影响,求出挡土墙绕墙趾的转动位移。通过与Mononobe-Okabe法对比可知,文中获得的主动土压力值与Mononobe-Okabe法接近,但Mononobe-Okabe法低估了主动土压力作用点高度,表明采用Mononobe-Okabe法设计存在风险。通过算例分析了地震系数、墙背摩擦系数、超载大小、时间、填土黏聚力和内摩擦角对挡土墙转动位移的影响。 相似文献
20.
狭窄基坑平动模式刚性挡墙被动土压力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对于地铁车站、地下管道沟槽等狭窄基坑,其被动区土体宽度有限,不满足半无限体的假定,采用经典的库仑、朗肯土压力理论计算挡墙被动土压力是不合适的。首先建立了无黏性土中狭窄基坑刚性挡墙的有限元分析模型,研究了挡墙相对平移时不同宽度土体的被动滑裂面的分布规律;借鉴库仑平面土楔假定,建立了狭窄基坑刚性平动挡墙被动土压力的理论计算模型,推导了被动极限状态下滑裂面倾角及被动土压力系数的解析公式;再采用水平薄层单元法,得到了被动土压力分布、土压力合力作用点高度的理论公式。结合算例,深入研究了这种工程背景下挡墙被动滑裂面倾角的影响因素,以及被动土压力合力、土压力分布及合力作用点位置与经典库仑土压力理论的差别,与数值计算结果的对比验证了该理论方法的合理性。研究发现,当被动区土体宽度小于满足半无限体的临界值、且墙土摩擦角大于0时,被动滑裂面倾角大于传统库仑被动滑裂面倾角,被动土压力大于经典库仑解,合力作用点高度则小于库仑解,且基坑越窄,墙土摩擦角越大,其差别越大。 相似文献