共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 173 毫秒
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作者选取江西省永丰县乌江流域为例,以RS/GIS技术为基础,探讨USLE(通用土壤流失方程)土壤侵蚀预测模型信息系统的实现及应用。本文详细介绍ArcGIS Engine的开发方式,并利用Visual Basic 6.0进行土壤侵蚀信息系统的开发。在土壤侵蚀理论分析研究的基础上,选择具有可行性的各土壤侵蚀因子,利用土壤侵蚀预测模型,完成了水文分析、表面分析、坡长提取、图形格式转换及空间查询功能,实现了各土壤侵蚀模型因子的自动提取与计算,建立起乌江流域土壤侵蚀预测信息系统,最终实现了水土流失量的自动估算。 相似文献
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基于遥感和GIS的宣化县水土流失定量空间特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以遥感和GIS技术为支撑,利用通用的土壤流失方程(USLE)的修正模型(RUSLE)定量评估宣化县2000年的水土流失量和土壤侵蚀强度,并对宣化县水土流失空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,宣化县2000年土壤侵蚀(轻度侵蚀以上)面积为982.85 km2,占宣化县总面积的39.25%,平均土壤侵蚀模数为13.92 t/hm2.a,属于轻度侵蚀;坡度越大,极强度及剧烈侵蚀越有可能发生,从整体来看,15°~25°是侵蚀比例最大的坡度带。宣化县土壤侵蚀主要集中于灌草地和旱地两种土地类型,两者土壤侵蚀面积占宣化县2000年总土壤侵蚀面积的93.897%。 相似文献
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基于RS和USLE的红壤丘陵区小流域水土流失量估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用野外调查采样、室内分析测定、遥感(RS)技术、数学模型等研究方法,以湖南省资兴市东江水库上游光河桥小流域为例,计算出了美国通用土壤流失方程(USLE)中各单项因子值,对该流域水土流失量进行了估算.结果表明:该流域的土壤可蚀性因子(K值)介于0.14～0.42 t·hm2.h.hm-2.MJ-1.mm-1之间,平均为0.27 t·hm2.h.hm-2.MJ-1,mm-1,属于中等可侵蚀性土壤;土壤侵蚀模数在0 ～3 817 t·hm-2·a-1之间,平均侵蚀模数为78 t.hm-2.a-1,处于强度侵蚀等级,流域的土壤侵蚀量达到292 266 t·a-1. 相似文献
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黄土高原典型区土壤保持服务效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土高原生态屏障区是我国"两屏三带"的重要组成部分,不仅对当地居民具有重要的屏障作用,同时也对黄河中下游具有重要的影响。本研究以土壤侵蚀量为评估指标,应用修正的通用土壤流失方程,利用2000—2010年间土地覆被、气象站点和泥沙站点等多源数据,定量评估了黄土高原生态屏障区退耕还林还草生态工程的土壤保持效应。结果表明,2000—2010年间,尽管黄土高原降雨量明显增多,降雨侵蚀力在增强,但研究区以退耕还草为主,退耕还草面积达到3 287. 01 km2,研究区植被覆盖在以1. 29%/a速率递增;土壤侵蚀状况发生明显改善,土壤侵蚀模数由2000年的6 579. 55 t·km-2·a-1降低到了2010年的1 986. 66 t·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀等级由剧烈侵蚀向微度侵蚀转变,侵蚀等级在逐渐降低,低覆盖度-烈度土壤侵蚀面积在大幅度降低,而高覆盖度-微度土壤侵蚀类型面积在大幅度提升;并且流域土壤侵蚀强度与相关站点含沙量和输沙量呈正相关,黄土高原生态屏障效应在不断加强。该研究对加强生态安全格局建设,促进我国生态文明建设具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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土壤侵蚀的变化受到地表覆盖、植被覆盖度、地形地貌等多种因素的影响。本文选取新化县作为湖南省典型区域进行研究,基于土地利用数据、数字高程模型,依据土壤侵蚀面蚀分级指标、通用土壤流失模型、坡度因子,建立土壤侵蚀风险评价方案,完成2020年新化县土壤侵蚀强度计算,并结合2008年土壤侵蚀数据进行时空分析。结果表明：2020年新化县土壤侵蚀量略有增加,但均属于轻度土壤侵蚀;两个年度的轻度、强度、极强度、剧烈土壤侵蚀空间分布基本相同;相比2008年,由于荒山造林,2020年土壤侵蚀强度为强度、极强度、剧烈的地区得到了一定改善,同时由于灌木林和旱地面积的增加,2020年部分地区的中度水土流失加剧。本文方法利用遥感影像与土地利用数据可快速监测土壤侵蚀的变化趋势,为相关部门提供方法依据与数据支持,为生态环境改善提供有利服务。 相似文献
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水土流失会导致生态环境恶化、自然灾害频发,近年来,以水土保持为主要内容的生态环境建设越来越受到关注。本文利用SRTM数据,其分辨率为3弧秒,确定模型所需的各种因子,借助地理信息系统软件Arc GIS空间分析平台,处理研究区域的DEM数据,生成研究区坡度、坡向、地表切割深度和平面曲率图、剖面曲率图。利用对这些因子的分析结果,选择美国通用的水土流失方程(USLE)对研究区域的土壤侵蚀强度进行计算,从而确定了地貌形态特征对土壤水土流失的影响。 相似文献
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缅甸中部干旱地区土壤侵蚀的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
伊落瓦底江中游是缅甸中部著名的干热地带,地壤流失严重。在研究中,首先利用遥感图像（１９９５年的ＴＭ图像,１９９８年的ＴＭ和ＳＰＯＴ图像）进行判读和土壤侵蚀地面实况的野外验证。同时,根据影响封侵蚀的生态环境因子,建立实验区的数字高程模型和窨数据库。然后,在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）中进行土壤侵蚀测定以及生态环境因子相关分析。影响土壤侵镅的生态环境因子很多,但植被和耕作方式是人们可以控制的因子。在此基础上 相似文献
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通过利用Terra/Aqua卫星上搭载的MODIS传感器计算获取的16d合成植被指数产品(MOD13A2),进一步按照最大值合成法计算月合成光谱植被指数,按照USLE模型月模式评价江西省2005年土壤侵蚀,并与传统的USLE模型年模式计算的结果进行了比较。 相似文献
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针对定量分析土壤侵蚀在各坡度等级上的空间分布研究较少的现状,该文选用通用的土壤流失预报方程,对云蒙湖流域1986—2010年间的土壤水力侵蚀状况进行了定量的估算,以探讨不同坡度上的土壤侵蚀特征,并进一步分析了土壤侵蚀变化与人类活动的关系。分析得出:土壤侵蚀强度发生在人类活动比较频繁的区域上(8~25°坡度)更为严重;2010年比1986年强度以上所占比例在15°坡度等级上相对更低,在15°坡度等级上有所增加;云蒙湖流域主要土壤侵蚀量发生在25°坡度上;2010年比1986年耕地面积减少、林地和居民用地面积增加是土壤侵蚀降低的主要因素。 相似文献
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Mushtak Jabbar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):34-37
This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Calculations are be done by using capabilities available. This study start with a digital elevation model (DEM) of Shaanxi, which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1∶250 000 scale and grid themes for the USLEK andC factors. It is note worthy that USLEK can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme's table. TheC can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program. A land use theme can be used to add theC factors as an attribute field. The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework. 相似文献
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This study is aimed at evolving a watershed prioritization of reservoir catchment based on vegetation, morphological and topographical parameters, and average annual soil loss using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. A large multipurpose river valley project, Upper Indravati reservoir, situated in the state of Orissa, India, has been chosen for the present work. Watershed prioritization is useful to soil conservationist and decision makers. This study integrates the watershed erosion response model (WERM) and universal soil loss equation (USLE) with a geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the erosion risk assessment parameters of the catchment. The total catchment is divided into 15 sub-watersheds. Various erosion risk parameters are determined for all the sub-watersheds separately. Average annual soil loss is also estimated for the sub-watersheds using USLE. The integrated effect of all these parameters is evaluated to recommend the priority rating of the watersheds for soil conservation planning. 相似文献
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Application of GIS to estimate soil erosion using RUSLE 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Mushtak Talib Jabbar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(1):34-37
This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Calculations are be done by using capabilities available.This study start with a digital elevation model(DEM) of Shaanxi,which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1:250000 scale and grid themes for the USLE K and C factors.It is note worthy that USLE K can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme‘s table.The C can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program.A land use theme can be used to add the C factors as an attribute field.The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework. 相似文献
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The quantitative assessment of spatial soil erosion is valuable information to control the erosion. The study area in a part of Narmada river in central India is selected. The main objective is to assess and compare the results obtained from three soil erosion models using GIS platform. Variation in the rate of erosion of the three models is compared considering varying slope, soil and land use of the area. Three models selected are Morgan–Morgan–Finney (MMF), Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The best fit or the most reliable model for the study area is selected after validation with the observed sedimentation data. The results give –39.45%, –9.60% and 4.80% difference in the values of sedimentation by MMF, USLE and RUSLE, respectively, from the observed data. Finally, RUSLE model has been found to be most reliable for the study area. 相似文献
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K. Meusburger N. KonzM. Schaub C. Alewell 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
The focus of soil erosion research in the Alps has been in two categories: (i) on-site measurements, which are rather small scale point measurements on selected plots often constrained to irrigation experiments or (ii) off-site quantification of sediment delivery at the outlet of the catchment. Results of both categories pointed towards the importance of an intact vegetation cover to prevent soil loss. With the recent availability of high-resolution satellites such as IKONOS and QuickBird options for detecting and monitoring vegetation parameters in heterogeneous terrain have increased. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of QuickBird derived vegetation parameters in soil erosion models for alpine sites by comparison to Cesium-137 (Cs-137) derived soil erosion estimates. The study site (67 km2) is located in the Central Swiss Alps (Urseren Valley) and is characterised by scarce forest cover and strong anthropogenic influences due to grassland farming for centuries. A fractional vegetation cover (FVC) map for grassland and detailed land-cover maps are available from linear spectral unmixing and supervised classification of QuickBird imagery. The maps were introduced to the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) model as well as to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Regarding the latter model, the FVC was indirectly incorporated by adapting the C factor. Both models show an increase in absolute soil erosion values when FVC is considered. In contrast to USLE and the Cs-137 soil erosion rates, PESERA estimates are low. For the USLE model also the spatial patterns improved and showed “hotspots” of high erosion of up to 16 t ha−1 a−1. In conclusion field measurements of Cs-137 confirmed the improvement of soil erosion estimates using the satellite-derived vegetation data. 相似文献
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Quantitative Determination of Soil Erosion and Prioritization of Micro-Watersheds Using Remote Sensing and GIS 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Vipul Shinde Arabinda Sharma Kamlesh N. Tiwari Manjushree Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(2):181-192
Soil erosion which occurs at spatially varying rate is a widespread threat to sustainable resource management at watershed scale. Thus estimation of soil loss and identification of critical area for implementation of best management practice is central to success of soil conservation programme. The present study focuses application of most widely used Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to determine soil erosion and prioritization of micro-watersheds of Upper Damodar Valley Catchment (UDVC) of India. Annual average soil loss for the entire basin is 23.17 t/ha/yr; for micro-watersheds. High soil loss is observed in 345 micro-watersheds, medium in 159 micro-watersheds and low soil loss is observed in 201 micro-watersheds. It is found that, out of 705 micro-watersheds of UDVC, 453 micro-watersheds are in agreement with AISLUS suggested priority which is based on observed sediment yield, 116 micro-watersheds under predict and 136 micro-watersheds over predict the priority. Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to prepare various layers of USLE parameters which interactively estimate soil erosion at micro-watershed level. The main advantage of the GIS methodology is in providing quick information on the estimated value of soil loss for any part of the investigated area. 相似文献
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Sediment yield from a catchment can be simulated using lumped and distributed models. However, for field applications, a reliable and simple method is required. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empirical procedure developed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1965 from statistical analysis of erosion data from a large number of plot studies under different conditions. This model enables the planners to locate the potential erosion zones in a watershed and to try alternative combinations of cropping and management practices for effecting erosion control within specific limits. In the present study, USLE was used to identify the erosion potential zones of Hire Nadi catchment, in Yelberga taluk, Koppal District of Karnataka. In order to automize the estimation of USLE parameters, a geographical information system, Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS), was used. 相似文献
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长江上游小流域土壤侵蚀动态模拟与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以长江上游甘肃省尚沟流域为研究区,在遥感影像和GIS空间分析技术支撑下,根据USLE因子算法生成各因子栅格图,借助地图代数运算,估算了尚沟流域1998年和2004年的土壤侵蚀量,并对2004年土壤侵蚀与其环境背景因子进行叠加和空间统计分析。在此基础上,构建了与GIS软件平台集成的地理元胞自动机,模拟了该流域2004年、2010年和2020年土壤侵蚀空间演化情形。结果表明:研究区平均侵蚀量从1998年的6598.1t/km2下降到2004年的5923.3t/km2,侵蚀面积净减少172.3hm2,输沙量减少9.15×104t;1300～1400m的海拔高程带、25～35°坡度带、南坡和旱耕地是发生水土流失的主要区域;经模拟,2010年总侵蚀面积为93.49km2,侵蚀总量73.15×104t,侵蚀模数为5126t/km2,土壤侵蚀状况总体上将有所减缓。 相似文献
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基于DEM的USLE土壤侵蚀方程地形因子获取与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
坡长和坡度是研究水土流失问题中必须要考虑的重要地形因子,坡长的空间分布特征和规律、地貌发育对坡长的影响,以及坡长与坡度之间的关系,是研究水土流失、侵蚀规律的重要条件之一。利用GIS以及相关软件为平台,在黑龙江省通河地区建立USLE水土流失方程模型,研究LS因子在水土流失中的影响以及作用,并探讨DEM数据分辨率变化对LS值的影响。 相似文献