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1.
全球水循环的海洋分量研究   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均和逐日资料,采用“余差”方法,计算了1984~1994年全球海气淡水通量,分析了全球水汽输送的特点。主要结果有:(1)在全球水循环中,副热带大洋是重要的水汽辐散区,热带辐合带、南太平洋辐合带和南太平洋东南海域是集中的水汽辐合区,赤道东风带是夏季印度洋季风环流的主要水汽通道;(2)再现了全球海气淡水通量的分布,例如副热带“海洋沙漠”带、热带辐合带和南太平洋辐合带净降水区等;展示了细节特征,如黑潮区的净蒸发特点等;(3)发现了北大西洋中高纬度地区存在一东北—西南向的净蒸发带,而前人结果中则为净降水带;(4)分析了各大洋海气淡水通量的季节、年际变化特征,讨论了太平洋相对于大西洋作为水汽汇的特点;指出热带辐合带和南太平洋辐合带是海气淡水通量变率最大的海域  相似文献   

2.
区域海气耦合模式模拟的2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
评估了一个区域海气耦合模式(由区域环境系统集成模式RIEMS和普林斯顿海洋模式POM组成)对2003年东亚夏季风季节内振荡(ISO)的模拟性能。通过与观测海温驱动单独大气模式结果的比较,分析了海气耦合过程对东亚夏季大气ISO模拟性能的影响。结果表明:耦合模式能够模拟出2003年中国东部地区夏季降水的气候态分布,模拟的中国东部尤其是江淮地区大气ISO活动较单独大气模式更为显著。同时,耦合模式能够较好地再现大气ISO经向上北传的传播特征,模拟的江淮流域降水处于活跃和中断期时西北太平洋地区低频降水和环流异常在强度和空间分布上较单独大气模式都更为合理。相比于单独大气模式,耦合模式对大气ISO模拟的改善,一方面与其对气候态西北太平洋副热带高压和相关对流层底层风场模拟的改善有关,另一方面与其包含海气相互作用,因而对低频降水与海温和水汽辐合位相关系模拟的改善有关。  相似文献   

3.
利用NCEP资料计算并分析1961—2010年西北干旱区(35°N—50°N,73°E—105°E)经纬向水汽输送、蒸发和水汽辐合辐散的变化特征,以及它们与同期西北干旱区降水之间的关系。结果显示:(1)西北干旱区冬、春、秋季经向水汽输送为净输入,纬向为净输出,总水汽输送为净输入。夏季经、纬向水汽输送均为净输出;(2)1961—2010年,西北干旱区各季节降水均增加,冬、春季降水增加显著,夏、秋季降水增加不显著。冬季纬向水汽净输出减少,导致西北干旱区冬季总水汽输送增加;春、秋季经向净输入减少和夏季经向净输出增加,导致春、夏、秋季总水汽输送减少;(3)1961—2010年,西北干旱区各季节蒸发量显著增加,且夏季增加趋势最显著;(4)各季节水汽通量散度显著减小,水汽辐合加强,且夏季水汽辐合增强最明显;(5)蒸发增大和水汽辐合增强是西北干旱区降水增加的主要原因,但外部水汽输送变化也会影响降水变化。  相似文献   

4.
陈际龙  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2007,31(5):766-778
利用1979~2002年的ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及CMAP降水资料探讨了亚澳季风各夏季风子系统(南亚夏季风、东亚夏季风、北澳夏季风)水汽输送的气候学特征及其与夏季降水的关系。分析表明:各夏季风子系统水汽输送通量主要取决于低层季风气流,南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风以纬向水汽输送为主,而东亚夏季风有很强的经向水汽输送。分析也证实,亚澳季风区的夏季风降水主;要源于水汽输送的辐合,而且ERA-40资料对夏季风水汽输送辐合的描述能力强于NCEP/NCAR资料。此外,受低层季风气流结构的影响,三夏季风子系统水汽输送辐合的动力机理存在明显差异,南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风的水汽输送辐合主要由低层西风气流的风场辐合所造成,而东亚夏季风的水汽输送辐合则由低层南风气流的风场辐合和季风湿平流共同作用造成。因此,东亚夏季风降水有别于南亚夏季风降水和北澳夏季风降水。  相似文献   

5.
陈际龙  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2007,31(5):766-778
利用1979~2002年的ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料以及CMAP降水资料探讨了亚澳季风各夏季风子系统(南亚夏季风、东亚夏季风、北澳夏季风) 水汽输送的气候学特征及其与夏季降水的关系.分析表明: 各夏季风子系统水汽输送通量主要取决于低层季风气流, 南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风以纬向水汽输送为主, 而东亚夏季风有很强的经向水汽输送.分析也证实, 亚澳季风区的夏季风降水主; 要源于水汽输送的辐合, 而且ERA-40资料对夏季风水汽输送辐合的描述能力强于NCEP/NCAR资料.此外, 受低层季风气流结构的影响, 三夏季风子系统水汽输送辐合的动力机理存在明显差异, 南亚夏季风和北澳夏季风的水汽输送辐合主要由低层西风气流的风场辐合所造成, 而东亚夏季风的水汽输送辐合则由低层南风气流的风场辐合和季风湿平流共同作用造成.因此, 东亚夏季风降水有别于南亚夏季风降水和北澳夏季风降水.  相似文献   

6.
谢坤  任雪娟  张耀存  姚素香 《气象学报》2009,67(6):1002-1012
将区域海气耦合模式RegCM3-POM和区域气候模式RegCM3 40年(1963-2002年)的模拟结果与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进行对比,检验区域海气耦合模式对中国华北地区夏季大气水汽含量和水汽输送特征的模拟能力,比较耦合模式与单独区域气候模式的差异.结果表明,区域海气耦合模式RegCM3-POM的模拟性能相对于单独区域气候模式RegCM3,大气水汽输送特征的模拟能力有了较大的改进.分析显示两种模式都能够较好地再现东哑地区气候平均夏季大气水汽储量浅红和水汽输送的空间分布特征,而耦合模式对大气水汽输送的模拟更为合理.在对流层中低层更接近观测;耦合模式对中国华北地区夏季平均大气水汽输送通量在垂直方向卜的分布型及水平4个边界水汽输送收支的模拟,相对于单独大气模式有了一定的改进;耦合模式对伴随华北地区夏季早涝的大气水汽异常输送也具有较好的模拟能力,其模拟的水汽输送异常的来源与观测基本一致,尤其是在20°N以北地区,耦合模式结果相对于单独区域气候模式有了很大的改进.但同时耦合模式在低纬度海洋上对气候平均夏季大气水汽含量模拟的偏差比区域气候模式显著;与观测相比,耦合模式对来自孟加拉湾地区的大气水汽输送模拟偏弱,而对西太平洋副热带高压西侧水汽输送模拟偏强,与华北夏季旱涝相联系的水汽输送异常的模拟在低纬度海洋上也存在明显偏差.  相似文献   

7.
利用一个耦合海气模式,用数值试验方法分析了1982/1983 ENSO期间的暖池和赤道辐合带(ITCZ和SPCZ)的相互作用对大气表面流场和散度场的影响。结果指出,ENSO高峰期和成熟期SPCZ比ITCZ更重要(即ENSO高峰期和成熟期SPCZ与暖池相互作用比ITCZ与暖池相互作用更强烈);ENSO的形成初期和衰减期SPCZ和ITCZ同样重要。   相似文献   

8.
冯文  王可丽  江灏 《高原气象》2004,23(2):271-275
利用1970—1997年NCEP/NCAR冉分析月平均资料,设计了区域西风指数。通过分析西北地区夏季的水汽输送通量散度,发现该地区水汽平流引起的水汽输送通量散度项年际变化极小,而风场辐合(辐散)引起的水汽输送通量散度项年际变化却很大,在西北地区区域西风指数较强年份风场辐合比区域西风指数较弱年份强。由此可知.两风年际变化对西北地区的风场辐合(辐散)的影响是我国西北地区水汽场年际变化的主要原因。中国西北地区;区域西风指数;水汽输送通量散度;降水  相似文献   

9.
运用WRF模式对2009年7月华北地区的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:WRF模式比较合理地再现了这次暴雨天气过程;本次暴雨过程的主要输送载体为西太平洋副热带高压外围及低槽前的西南急流;低层水汽通量散度的负值区与降水落区有较好的相关性;对水汽通量拓展分析研究表明,纬向水汽辐合及由风场辐合效应造成的水汽辐合贡献较大,经向水汽辐合和由于水汽分布不均而形成的平流差异所造成的水汽辐合贡献较小,且多为负贡献;水汽散度的垂直通量负异常区与云水、雨水混合比较大的区域对应得较好,它与降水的相关性也优于水汽通量散度。  相似文献   

10.
评估了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体动力学数值模拟国家重点实验室海洋环流模式L30T63和海气耦合模式FGCM-0模拟的热带太平洋年平均状态,资料取自L30T63由观测的大气强迫驱动的Control试验、由NCAR CCM3大气强迫驱动的Spinup试验、以及相应的海气耦合模式FGCM-0.主要的结论是:(1)在"准确"的海表强迫下,Control模拟的海面温度和温跃层与观测结果相当接近,模式的固有误差是赤道冷舌过分西伸和东南太平洋温跃层偏浅.(2)Spinup能模拟出合理的热带太平洋上层海洋环流,但存在两个问题,即:暖池区海面温度显著偏高、沿赤道的梯度过大;赤道温跃层偏浅、东西向坡度偏小,它们分别与CCM3提供的海表短波辐射通量和风应力的系统误差有关.这两个问题很可能是海气耦合模式FGCM-0运行初期误差迅速发展的重要原因.(3)FGCM-0模拟的赤道暖池区上层100 m的平均温度比观测低3℃.分析表明FGCM-0夸大了暖池区海洋动力过程的降温作用,使得模拟的"暖池"在一定程度上具有冷舌的属性.FGCM-0模拟的热带南太平洋温跃层比观测结果偏浅数十米到100 m,以致赤道两侧的上层海洋温度分布趋于对称,成为"double ITCZ"现象在上层海洋中的表现.风应力旋度的系统误差和垂直混合随深度衰减过快是温跃层偏浅的两个可能原因;FGCM-0中与北太平洋中高纬地区深厚冷偏差相关的经圈环流也有利于热带温跃层误差的维持.  相似文献   

11.
Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989. With the aid of EOF analysis method, temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied. The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moisture sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region. In winter, the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source, in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the "continent bridge". at 80°E and 40°E ~ 50°E transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moisture sinks. In summer, Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean are moisture sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink. In spring and autumn, ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.  相似文献   

12.
Numerical experiments with different idealized land and mountain distributions are carried out to study the formation of the Asian monsoon and related coupling processes. Results demonstrate that when there is only extratropical continent located between 0 and 120°E and between 20/30°N and the North Pole, a rather weak monsoon rainband appears along the southern border of the continent, coexisting with an intense intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The continuous ITCZ surrounds the whole globe, prohibits the development of near-surface cross-equatorial flow, and collects water vapor from tropical oceans, resulting in very weak monsoon rainfall. When tropical lands are integrated, the ITCZ over the longitude domain where the extratropical continent exists disappears as a consequence of the development of a strong surface cross-equatorial flow from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere. In addition, an intense interaction between the two hemispheres develops, tropical water vapor is transported to the subtropics by the enhanced poleward flow, and a prototype of the Asian monsoon appears. The Tibetan Plateau acts to enhance the coupling between the lower and upper tropospheric circulations and between the subtropical and tropical monsoon circulations, resulting in an intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon and a weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon. Linking the Iranian Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau substantially reduces the precipitation over Africa and increases the precipitation over the Arabian Sea and the northern Indian subcontinent, effectively contributing to the development of the South Asian summer monsoon.  相似文献   

13.
定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
伊兰  陶诗言 《气象学报》1997,55(5):532-544
利用欧洲中心ECMWF10a逐日资料,对定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用进行了计算分析。结果表明,瞬变涡动总把水汽从高水汽含量区送到低水汽含量区,实现与平均环流相反的输送,维持了热带地区和中高纬地区水汽的平衡。夏季定常涡动输送的经向分量是将水汽从热带向副热带输送的主要机制,而瞬变涡动输送的经向分量则是把水汽从副热带输送到中高纬的主要机制。由于季风经圈环流的存在,使得亚洲季风区的热带地区为重要的水汽源区,而其副热带和中纬度地区是水汽汇区,这与同纬度其它地区相反。  相似文献   

14.
利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea, SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与东亚夏季风的联系,结果表明:盛夏南海低空越赤道气流(SCEF)强度指数与南海夏季风强度指数呈显著的正相关关系,与东亚副热带夏季风强度指数呈显著的负相关关系。当盛夏SCEF偏强(弱)时,亚洲热带低压及西太平洋赤道辐合带增强(减弱),西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、东撤(西伸),南海北部和西北太平洋地区为明显的气旋式(反气旋式)环流异常,使得南海夏季风增强(减弱)和东亚副热带夏季风减弱(增强)。此外,当盛夏SCEF偏强时,由于东亚副热带夏季风减弱,我国华南地区为东北风异常,华北地区为偏南风异常,受其影响,我国华南地区为显著的水汽辐合区,华中地区为显著的水汽辐散区,使得盛夏华南地区降水增多,华中地区降水减少;反之亦然。   相似文献   

15.
利用ECMWF所分析的1980~1989年每日各层的水汽和风场资料分析了东亚季风区夏季风的水汽输送特征,并与印度季风区夏季水汽输送进行比较。分析结果表明了东亚季风区夏季水汽输送特征明显不同于印度季风区夏季水汽输送,东亚季风区夏季水汽输送经向输送要大于纬向输送,而印度季风区夏季水汽输送则以纬向输送为主。分析结果还表明东亚季风区由于夏季水汽分布是南边大、北边小,偏南季风气流所引起的水汽平流是湿平流。因此,水汽的辐合主要由季风气流所引起的水汽平流所造成,而印度季风区季风气流所引起的水汽平流是干平流,它利于水汽输送的辐散,水汽的辐合主要是由于风场的辐合所造成。  相似文献   

16.
The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is evaluated in historical simulations from 26 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and compared with previous generation CMIP3 models. A subset of 24 CMIP5 models are able to simulate a distinct SPCZ in the December to February (DJF) austral summer, although the position of the SPCZ in these models is too zonal compared with observations. The spatial pattern of SPCZ precipitation is improved in CMIP5 models relative to CMIP3 models, although the spurious double ITCZ precipitation band in the eastern Pacific is intensified in many CMIP5 models. All CMIP5 models examined capture some interannual variability of SPCZ latitude, and 19 models simulate a realistic correlation with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. In simulations of the twenty-first century under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, no consistent shift in the mean position of the DJF SPCZ is identified. Several models simulate significant shifts northward, and a similar number of models simulate significant southward shifts. The majority of CMIP5 models simulate an increase in mean DJF SPCZ precipitation, and there is an intensification of the eastern Pacific double ITCZ precipitation band in many models. Most models simulate regions of increased precipitation in the western part of the SPCZ and near the equator, and regions of decreased precipitation at the eastern edge of the SPCZ. Decomposition of SPCZ precipitation changes into dynamic and thermodynamic components reveals predominantly increased precipitation due to thermodynamic changes, while dynamic changes lead to regions of both positive and negative precipitation anomalies.  相似文献   

17.
诊断分析了北半球夏季来自印度季风的水汽输送与东亚上空水汽输送的关系,发现二者之间具有反相变化的特征。印度季风水汽输送偏强(偏弱)时,东亚上空的水汽输送偏弱(偏强),长江中下游降水偏少(偏多)。印度夏季风水汽输送与西太平洋副热带高压强度有显著的相关关系,印度季风水汽输送偏强(偏弱)时,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱(偏强),由此导致副高西侧东亚上空向北的水汽输送减弱(增强),使得长江中下游降水偏少(偏多)。对反映热带对流活动的外逸长波辐射(OLR)的分析表明,印度洋上空的对流加热异常不仅能够显著地影响印度季风,也可能对东亚季风产生直接的影响。  相似文献   

18.
The climatological characteristics and interdecadal variability of the water vapor transport and budget over the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys (YH1) and the Yangtze River-Huaihe River valleys (YH2) of East China were investigated in this study,using the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2009.Changes in the water vapor transport pattern occurred during the late 1990s over YH1 (YH2) that corresponded with the recent interdecadal changes in the eastern China summer precipitation pattern.The net moisture influx in the YH1 increased and the net moisture influx in the YH2 decreased during 2000-2009 in comparison to 1979-1999.Detailed features in the moisture flux and transport changes across the four boundaries were explored.The altered water vapor transport over the two domains can be principally attributed to the additive effects of the changes in the confluent southwesterly moisture flow by the Indian summer monsoon and East Asian summer monsoon (related with the eastward recession of the western Pacific subtropical high).The altered water vapor transport over YH1 was also partly caused by the weakened midlatitude westerlies.  相似文献   

19.
The first two series(RMM1 and RMM2) of RMM Index(all-Season Real-time Multivariate MJO Index) are computed to obtain the interannual variation of the preceding winter(preceding December to current February) MJO strength,according to which active(or inactive) years of preceding winter MJO are divided.By utilizing the data provided by NCEP/NCAR,CMAP and China’s 160 stations from 1979 to 2008,we studied the preceding winter MJO strength and discovered that the summer precipitation in the basin are of significantly negative correlation,i.e.when the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,the summer precipitation in the basin decreases,and vise verse.We also analyzed the causes.When the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,its release of potential heat facilities Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) to strengthen and locate northward in winter and propagate northeastward.This abnormal situation lasts from winter to summer.In mid-May,ITCZ jumps northward to the South China Sea,the western Pacific subtropical high withdraws eastward,and the South China Sea summer monsoon sets off and strengthens.In summer,ITCZ propagates to South China Sea-subtropical western Pacific,the zonal circulation of subtropical Pacific strengthens,and a local meridional circulation of the South China Sea to the basin area forms,giving rise to the East Asia Pacific teleconnection wave-train.An East Asian monsoon trough and the Meiyu front show opposite features from south to north,the East Asian summer monsoon strengthens and advances northward.As a result,the summer monsoon is weakened as the basin is controlled by the subtropical high continually,with less rain in summer.On the contrary,when the preceding winter MJO is inactive,ITCZ weakens and is located southward,the subtropical high is located southward in summer,and the basin is in a region of ascending airflow with prevailing southwest wind.The East Asian monsoon trough and EASM weaken so that summer monsoon is reduced in the basin where precipitation increases.  相似文献   

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