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地震应急预案作为地震应急的核心文件之一,存在操作性不强,针对性不足等问题。在分析地震应急预案特点的基础上提出一种地震应急处置方案技术。地震应急处置方案是地震发生后,为指导地震应急救援,针对具体应急事件的应急处置工作方案。阐述了地震应急处置方案的特点及其与地震应急预案的关系。论述了地震应急处置方案的组成,包括:处置方案框架、应急决策知识和信息技术支撑平台。介绍了地震应急处置方案的工作原理,在信息技术支撑平台上应用地震应急决策知识修正应急处置方案框架并动态生成处置方案。以地市级为例论述了地震应急处置方案框架,并介绍地震应急决策知识的组成。从而为地震应急处置方案的生成与应用奠定基础,该方案试图在一定程度上改进地震应急预案的不足。 相似文献
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简要介绍了日本和美国地震应急预案体系,指出了它们的核心特征,借鉴国外地震应急预案体系的管理和模式,详细提出了完善我国地震应急预案体系的若干建议和设想。 相似文献
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地震等突发性公共事件发生时,应急预案是应急准备的核心内容。预案的展现形式是否直观有效,是预案能否及时准确的为指挥人员提供指导性意见的关键。本文以地震应急预案的结构化研究为基础,从文本结构化和系统集成结构化角度进行分析,建立地震应急预案信息系统,探讨地震应急响应过程中联动服务的实现。 相似文献
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引 言制订破坏性地震应急预案是《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》、《破坏性地震应急条例》等法律、法规明确规定和要求的,是我国防震减灾工作和应急工作的重要举措。在制订、修改与完善破坏性地震应急预案工作中,北京市政府发挥了强有力的领导作用,动员了全社会的力量来完成这项工作,其中有很多启示和可以铭记的地方,现将主要情况综述如下。１ 高度重视地震应急预案的编制工作１９９５年国务院颁布的《破坏性地震应急条例》明确提出,县以上人民政府要制订相应的地震应急预案。事实上,早在１９９１年上半年,北京市政府在其他省市的影… 相似文献
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为了更好地促进地震应急工作,本文以20世纪90年代初我国地震应急预案工作起步为分界,选取1976年唐山地震和2008年汶川地震为例,通过对比两次地震后在应急组织与指挥、灾情信息传送与发布、应急响应与救援3个方面的情况,解释地震应急预案在地震应对中的作用及其存在的问题,为今后我国地震应急救援工作提供有益的启示。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献