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1.
基于时间反转理论的聚焦Lamb波结构损伤成像 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从理论和实验上研究了时间反转法在频散和多模式的Lamb波结构健康检测方面的应用.当Lamb波在包含有损伤的板类结构中传播时,损伤的存在表现为一个被动波源.采用分布式传感器网络,基于传递函数的观点,通过推导由损伤这个被动波源产生的时间反转波场幅值的表达式,证实了当观察点位于损伤位置时,时间反转波场的幅值最大.为验证时间反转方法的聚焦效应,提出了一种适合于分布的激励/接收传感器网络的成像方法,该方法可以对损伤定位并近似确定损伤尺寸.结合有限元的实验结果显示了Lamb波检测信号的能量可在损伤处聚焦,表明时间反转 相似文献
2.
深海脉冲传播多途效应显著,直达波受海洋环境影响较大。基于南海某海域深水试验数据,采用Butterworth带通滤波器识别目标信号,进而分析近、中、远距离处VLA接收到的信号特征,并根据射线理论解释多途效应、直达波特征规律。结果表明:近距离目标信号可分为直达波及两次海底反射波;中距离可分为直达波与三次海底反射波;远距离目标信号弱,反射波特征不明显。其中,直达波声强显著低于第一次海底反射波,受夏季海面波导的影响,近表层深度处的直达波强度最大;50~200m深度层在强跃层控制下,声线向下弯曲,直达波信号随深度增加逐渐减弱;随传播距离增加,直达波逐渐减弱消失。 相似文献
3.
海洋测深中,海底混响信号是测深仪回波信号检测的主要内容。测深仪通常采用信号的相关处理方法对其进行检测,因此在设计测深仪的回波处理单元时,系统地分析海底混响信号的相关特性就显得尤为重要,对混响信号仿真是分析其特性的有效手段。基于单元散射理论,依据海底散射系数的空间相关半径划分散射单元,给出垂直分置海底混响信号的仿真方法。研究结果表明,该模型物理意义明确,计算简单。仿真得到的海底混响信号具有非常好的空间相关性和时间自相关性,与实测的海底混响信号相符,可用于对混响场特性的分析,改善测深仪的设计,从而有效提高测深仪的测量精度。 相似文献
4.
北极冰下声传播特性实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2017年8月6日在北极海域开展的一次声传播实验，开展了冰下声传播特性实验研究。结合Burke-Twersky （BT）散射模型与射线模型，分析了冰下声传播的多途到达结构，研究了接收声强变化规律，解释了接收声强在30 min内衰减20 dB的现象，分析了接收信号的时间相关性，探讨了接收信号相关性较低的原因。实验结果表明，表面接收信号主要由小角度多次反转反射声线、一次海底反射声线和二次海底反射声线依次构成，表面声道到达信号显著强于海底反射信号。试验冰站在试验期间的运动导致了声传播信号强度和相关性的迅速衰减，并通过仿真得到了验证。 相似文献
5.
研究了收发分置声纳浅海近程混响的建模与仿真,模型主要基于单元散射理论,依据散射系数相关半径来划分海面、海底散射单元,通过模拟海面、海底混响形成的物理过程建立单接收与多接收模型。模型中考虑声纳设备参数(指向性、收发位置、发射信号)及环境因素(海面运动、海底粗糙程度)对混响建模的影响。设计程序实现浅海近程单接收与多接收混响信号模型并仿真计算出混响时间序列,提供GUI(Graphical User Interface)用户图形界面支持。对建模仿真的混响信号进行统计分析,验证了论文建立的浅海混响信号模型的正确性。 相似文献
6.
目标特性研究对军事及海洋开发具有重要意义。作者用Ingenito的简正波方法对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了理论研究。在理论推导中直接利用波导中简正波解,同时去掉文F．Izngenito等研究中的远场假设,使理论结果更具一般性。文中对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了数值计算,并进行了分析。结果表明,浅海波导中目标散射场特性与自由场中明显不同,海底、海面的存在使散射场在深度方向产生干涉,从而影响散射场的空间分布,海底声速及衰减系数对散射场空间分布有重要影响。 相似文献
7.
海洋蒸发波导是微波通信的优良天然信道,但微波信号在波导中传播时容易受气海环境因素变化的影响。本文采用扩展傅里叶幅度敏感性分析法（Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test,EFAST）,分析了蒸发波导环境中微波传播路径损失对空气温度、海表温度、近海面风和相对湿度等气海环境因素变化的敏感性特点。敏感性分析结果呈现一种频率相关的频散特性,而信号极化方式影响较小。这4种环境因素中,相对湿度对路径损失的整体影响最大;在传播距离较近且高度较高的范围内近海面风速对传播的影响占据主导;空气温度和海表温度的敏感性大致相当;风速的影响是4种环境因素中最为复杂的,这也是在实际分析中需要额外重视的。本文对蒸发波导环境参数的敏感性分析结果对现场波导观测试验具有重要的参考意义,对敏感度高的环境参数可以考虑优先进行高时空分辨率观测。此外,在运用中尺度数值天气预报模式进行蒸发波导预报时,优先发展与敏感度高的气海参数有关的物理过程参数化方案,可以节约计算时间和资源。 相似文献
8.
针对北极部分海域中的双声道波导现象,研究了冰层覆盖下水平变化双声道波导中的声传播。使用微扰法推导并确定了粗糙下表面的冰层反射系数,结合Bellhop射线模型,计算并分析了实测海域中双声道波导水平变化时的声传播特性,并研究了声源深度、声源入射角以及声源频率对水平变化的双声道波导中声传播的影响规律。结果表明,在北极,深海声道中的声传播大多被限制在深海声道的上、下边缘之间;声源与水平变化的深海声道轴处于同一深度时声传播损失较小,当声源位于深海声道边界以外时,水平变化的声速剖面相比于水平不变时具有更低的声传播损失;入射角对双声道波导中声传播影响较小;随着声源频率的增加,表面声道中声传播损失也随之增大,但是对深海声道影响不明显,在相同频率下水平变化的声速剖面更利于声传播。 相似文献
9.
蒸发波导是海上大气波导中发生概率最高、对海上舰艇和岸基雷达探测系统影响最大的一种波导类型,研究意义重大。本文搭建了一种基于NPS诊断模型的新型蒸发波导数值预报模式,对我国南海海域2014年11月1~5日的5 d海上蒸发波导分别进行了数值模拟。利用数值模拟数据与岸基铁塔实测数据分别绘制蒸发波导高度随时间的变化曲线,并进行误差分析,显示模拟结果与实测结果变化规律基本一致,统计计算这5 d的蒸发波导高度平均误差为1.289 m。这表明了本模式的可行性及其存在的模拟偏差。此外,利用本预报模式对南海海域2011年整年的蒸发波导进行了数值模拟,得到了12个月的蒸发波导时空分布特征,分析总结的规律与其它文献的研究结论基本一致。 相似文献
10.
海底沉积物声速是海洋物理学和水声学研究的一个重要物理量。声速测量的准确性取决于如何准确计量超声波在沉积物介质中的传播时间。针对传统的观察波形突变法存在不足,文中基于小波变换独特的时-频局部化特征,阐明了小波变换信号奇异性检测原理,分析讨论如何利用该原理来检测海底沉积物声速测量中的超声回波信号起跳点。用Matlab数值计算软件,把记录的波形数据文件导入工作空间,选用Db3小波进行5层小波分解,观测其模极大值点的位置;用Gauss小波进行连续小波变换,观测其模极大值线的位置。并用两个实例验证了小波变换检测超声回波起跳点可行性及优越性,可提高海底沉积物声速测量的准确性,为海底智能化检测仪器的研发提供技术基础。 相似文献
11.
This paper investigates the Lamb wave imaging method combining time reversal for health monitoring of a metallic plate structure. The temporal focusing effect of the time reversal Lamb waves is investigated theoretically. It demonstrates that the focusing effect is related to the frequency dependency of the time reversal operation. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the time reversal behaviour of Lamb wave modes under broadband and narrowband excitations. The results show that the reconstructed time reversed wave exhibits close similarity to the reversed narrowband tone burst signal validating the theoretical model. To enhance the similarity, the cycle number of the excited signal should be increased. Experiments combining finite element model are then conducted to study the imaging method in the presence of damage like hole in the plate structure. In this work, the time reversal technique is used for the recompression of Lamb wave signals. Damage imaging results with time reversal using broadband and narrowband excitations are compared to those without time reversal. It suggests that the narrowband excitation combined time reversal can locate and determine the size of structural damage more precisely, but the cycle number of the excited signal should be chosen reasonably. 相似文献
12.
Dag Myrhaug 《Coastal Engineering》1995,24(3-4)
The effect of random waves on the bottom friction is studied by assuming that the wave motion is a stationary Gaussian narrow-band random process. The approach is also based on simple explicit friction coefficient formulas for sinusoidal waves. The probability distribution functions of the maximum bottom shear stress for laminar flow as well as smooth turbulent and rough turbulent flow are presented. The maximum bottom shear stress follows the Rayleigh distribution for laminar flow and the Weibull distribution for smooth turbulent and rough turbulent flow. Some characteristic statistical values of the maximum bottom shear stress for the three flow regimes are also given. 相似文献
13.
B. A. Kagan O. Alvarez E. V. Gorchakov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(6):781-786
The third generation of the SWAN wave model is modified by the incorporation of new resistance laws for hydrodynamically rough, incompletely rough (smoothly rough), and smooth underlying surfaces. A modified model is used to determine the functional dependences of wave parameters (such as the dimensionless energy of waves and the dimensionless spectral peak frequency) on a dimensionless fetch. The results of calculations are compared to the experimental data obtained in Lake George (northeastern Australia), which has a nearly constant depth and extended, nearly rectilinear segments of coast. The SWAN model is shown to depend weakly on hydrodynamic properties of the sea bottom: distinctions arising from changes in hydrodynamic properties of the sea bottom are smaller than the variances of experimental estimates. 相似文献
14.
Effect of hydrodynamic properties of the sea bottom on the tidal dynamics in a rectangular basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Expressions derived for the friction coefficient in an oscillatory rotating turbulent bottom boundary layer (BBL) over rough, incompletely rough (smoothly rough), and smooth underlying surfaces are incorporated as an individual module into a two-dimensional nonlinear tidal model, and the standard version of the model and its modified analogue are used to discuss the titular subject. It is established that the dynamics of tides in the Taylor basin can change noticeably under the effect of hydrodynamic properties of the sea bottom. Such changes occur mainly in the influence domains of amphidromies. In the remaining parts of the basin, relative changes in the amplitudes and phases of tidal sea-surface level elevations do not exceed ±10% and ±10°, respectively. The largest discrepancies of tidal characteristics take place in the cases of the incompletely rough and smooth sea bottoms; the smallest discrepancies, in the case of the rough sea bottom. Estimates for the changes in tidal characteristics that are caused by the usually neglected effects of rotation and phase difference between the bottom friction and the tidal velocity at the upper BBL boundary are presented as well. 相似文献
15.
D. Myrhaug 《Ocean Engineering》1992,19(4)
The friction velocity associated with the maximum bottom shear stress in neutrally stable tidal planetary boundary layer flow is presented. The directions of the bottom shear stresses for the anticlockwise and clockwise rotating components are also presented. The results are obtained by using similarity theory and are given for flow conditions in the rough, smooth and transitional smooth-to-rough turbulent regime. An approximation for the maximum bottom shear stress by disregarding the rotation of the velocity in the boundary layer as the seabed is approached is also presented. 相似文献
16.
In this work a bottom return signal model and accompanying signal processor are described for a wide swath bottom mapping system. An incoherent scattering model is employed under the assumptions that the bottom is a random rough surface composed of a large number of independent scatters with spatial correlation distance negligible relative to the ensonified area. The envelope of the signal received from the various spatial directions is modeled as a smooth, nearly Gaussian-shaped function representing the effects of the twoway spatial beam pattern, angle of incidence, and depth corrupted by multiplicative and additive noise stochastic processes. A signal processor is derived which makes use of the a priori information vested in this smooth function to provide a matched filter for the received signal envelope for each spatial direction. Computer simulation results are presented and the performance of the signal processor examined in a qualitative fashion. 相似文献
17.
On the role of bottom roughness in overflows 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Overflows play an important role in the downwelling limb of the oceanic thermohaline circulation. In light of the recognition that some overflows are not homogenous but exhibit a vertical density structure, and details of topography influence the pathways of some overflows, the impact of topographic roughness on the product property distribution is explored using the 3D non-hydrostatic spectral element model Nek5000. Numerical experiments are carried out by varying bottom roughness amplitude and ambient stratification parameters, in a regime where equilibrated product water masses are formed in a non-rotating environment.Our main finding is that bottom roughness can influence the overflow product distribution such that the highest salinity classes are removed and neutral buoyancy level is attained higher up in the stratified ambient water column. It is also shown that the form drag coefficients in overflows over rough bottom can be much larger than the skin drag coefficient over smooth bottom. To our knowledge, form drag has never been measured in oceanic overflows. As such, these numerical experiments imply that such measurements would be useful for a better understanding of overflow dynamics. It is also found that the ratio of source and product overflow mass transports is robust to changes in bottom roughness. This appears to happen because the distribution of entrainment is totally different in the case of rough bottom. Entrainment tends to initiate earlier (due to vertical motion induced by topography) and terminate earlier (due to development of form drag) than that over smooth topography. 相似文献
18.
The bottom friction beneath random waves is predicted taking into account the effect of seepage flow. This is achieved by using wave friction factors for rough turbulent, smooth turbulent and laminar flow valid for regular waves together with a modified Shields parameter which includes the effect of seepage flow. Examples using data typical to field conditions are included to illustrate the approach. The analytical results can be used to make assessment of seepage effects on the bottom friction based on available wave statistics. Generally, it is recommended that a stochastic approach should be used rather than using the rms values in an otherwise deterministic approach. 相似文献
19.
A computational case study of coupled-mode 400-Hz acoustic propagation over the distance 27 km on the continental shelf is presented. The mode coupling reported here is caused by lateral gradients of sound-speed within packets of nonlinear internal waves, often referred to as solitary wave packets. In a waveguide having unequal attenuation of modes, directional exchange of energy between low- and high-loss modes, via mode coupling, can become time dependent by the movement of waves and can cause temporally variable loss of acoustic energy into the bottom. Here, that bottom interaction effect is shown to be sensitive to stratification conditions, which determine waveguide properties and, in turn, determine modal attenuation coefficients. In particular, time-dependent energy loss due to the presence of moving internal wave packets is compared for waveguides with and without a frontal feature similar to that found at the shelfbreak south of New England. The mean and variability of acoustic energy level 27 km distant from a source are shown to be altered in a first order way by the presence of the frontal feature. The effects of the front are also shown to be functions of source depth. 相似文献
20.
A high-quality experimental study including a large number of tests which correspond to full-scale coastal boundary layer flows is conducted using an oscillating water tunnel for flow generations and a Particle Image Velocimetry system for velocity measurements. Tests are performed for sinusoidal, Stokes and forward-leaning waves over three fixed bottom roughness configurations, i.e. smooth, “sandpaper” and ceramic-marble bottoms. The experimental results suggest that the logarithmic profile can accurately represent the boundary layer flows in the very near-bottom region, so the log-profile fitting analysis can give highly accurate determinations of the theoretical bottom location and the bottom roughness. The first-harmonic velocities of both sinusoidal and nonlinear waves, as well as the second-harmonic velocities of nonlinear waves, exhibit similar patterns of vertical variation. Two dimensionless characteristic boundary layer thicknesses, the elevation of 1% velocity deficit and the elevation of maximum amplitude, are found to have power-law dependencies on the relative roughness for rough bottom tests. A weak boundary layer streaming embedded in nonlinear waves and a small but meaningful third-harmonic velocity embedded in sinusoidal waves are observed. They can be only explained by the effect of a time-varying turbulent eddy viscosity. The measured period-averaged vertical velocities suggest the presence of Prandtl's secondary flows of the second kind in the test channel. Among the three methods to infer bottom shear stress from velocity measurements, the Reynolds stress method underestimates shear stress due to missed turbulent eddies, and the momentum integral method also significantly underestimates bottom shear stress for rough bottom tests due to secondary flows, so only the log-profile fitting method is considered to yield the correct estimate. The obtained bottom shear stresses are analyzed to give the maximum and the first three harmonics, and the results are used to validate some existing theoretical models. 相似文献