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1.
梁柱-板柱组合结构(住宅)体系模型振动台试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
梁柱-板柱组合结构(住宅)体系由上部大开间板柱结构和底部框架结构构成，是一种可持续发展的新型结构形式。通过两个12层l：15模型的振动台对比试验，探讨其动力特性、地震反应和破坏情况。试验表明，该体系的抗震性能介于框架结构和板柱结构之间。总层数在12层以下时，不设剪力墙的该体系在7度区基本上满足规范要求，合理设置剪力墙后可用于8度区。 相似文献
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采用波函数展开法给出了板的横截面处孔洞在平面P波入射下动应力集中问题的解。本文使用大圆弧假定法来满足板中的自由表面的边界条件。数值结果表明,上表面和孔洞间的距离与下表面和孔洞间的距离都对结果有影响。如果孔洞半径相对板的厚度很小,解近似等于孔洞全空间解。所给出的解是半解析解。因此能被用来验证诸如BEM,FEM,FDM等数值法。 相似文献
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Seismic acquisition can be costly and inefficient when using spiked geophones. In most cases, such as the desert, the most practical solution is the use of flat bases, where geophone‐ground coupling is based on an optimal choice of the mass and area of contact between the receiver and the ground. This optimization is necessary since areas covered by sand are loose sediments and poor coupling occurs. Other cases include ground coupling in stiff pavements, for instance urban areas and ocean‐bottom nodes. We consider three different approaches to analyse coupling and model the geophone with a flat base (plate) resting on an elastic half‐space. Two existing models, based on the full‐wave theory, which we refer to as the Wolf and Hoover‐O'Brien models, predict a different behaviour with respect to the novel method introduced in this work. This method is based on the transmission coefficient of upgoing waves impinging in the geophone‐ground contact, where the ground is described as an anelastic half‐space. The boundary conditions at the contact have already been used to model fractures and are shown here to provide the equation of the damped oscillator. This fracture‐contact model depends on the stiffness characteristic of the contact between the geophone base plate and the ground. The transmission coefficient from the ground to the plate increases for increasing weight and decreasing base plate area. The new model predicts that the resonant frequency is independent of the geophone weight and plate radius, while the recorded energy increases with increasing weight and decreasing base plate area (as shown from our own experiments and measurements by Krohn) which is contrary to the theories developed by Wolf and Hoover‐O'Brien. The transient response is obtained by an inverse Fourier transform. Optimal geophone‐ground coupling and energy transmission are required, the first concept meaning that the geophone is following the motion of the ground and the second one that the signal is detectable. As a final example, we simulate seismic acquisition based on the novel theory, showing the differences between optimal and poor ground‐to‐geophone energy transmission. 相似文献
4.
—Numerical horizontal self-potential gradients obtained from self-potential data using filters of successive window lengths can be used to determine the depth and width of a 2-D plate. For a fixed window length the depth is determined iteratively using a simple formula for each half width value. The computed depths are plotted against the half width values representing a continuous window curve. The solution for the depth and the half width of the buried structure is read at the common intersection of the window curves. The method is applied to synthetic data with and without random errors. 相似文献
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Inundation of atoll islands by marine overwash is a serious threat to fresh groundwater, which can be a critical emergency water resource after artificial storage or other water resource infrastructure has been exhausted or destroyed. In contrast to drought, which slowly exhausts water supplies and often can be forecasted in time, overwash can occur with little warning and can ruin both rain catchment storage and groundwater reserves. In this study, a SUTRA‐based model is applied to estimate how groundwater contamination by overwash and subsequent recovery of fresh groundwater are influenced by geologic factors (aquifer hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity, and the presence or absence of a reef flat plate), the seasonal timing of the event (wet vs. dry), and the presence of hand‐dug wells that penetrate the reef flat plate. Actual tidal and rainfall data from regions in the western Pacific are applied to simulated 30‐month recovery periods for hypothetical islands with properties and conditions characteristic of the western Pacific. For all scenarios, results indicate that 12 to 16 months are required to achieve 60% recovery of fresh groundwater. However, the time required to restore useful quantities of groundwater to acceptable salt concentration at depths typical of hand‐dug wells is only 3 to 6 months. Of particular interest is the influence of the reef flat plate, which acts as a barrier to infiltrating seawater, thus preserving a pocket of confined freshwater during an overwash event and the recovery, which could probably be utilized if the necessary tools and equipment are on hand. 相似文献
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This study performed a bridge pier collar comparison for the purpose of reducing scour,while introducing a new collar design.The new collar,referred to as Collar Prototype Number 3,was designed based on an equilibrium scour hole and provides a method of controlling the horseshoe vortex.Numerical modelling was utilized to show the flow field and bed shear stress as a result of using Collar Prototype Number 3.A prototype model of Collar Prototype Number 3 and a flat plate collar were constructed f... 相似文献
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本文针对钢板剪力墙结构自振周期缺乏研究的现状,将钢板剪力墙简化为Timoshenko梁,提出了考虑周边框架影响的钢板剪力墙等效抗剪刚度计算的方法,然后根据Southwell-Dunkerley理论,给出了钢板剪力墙结构基本自振周期的简化计算公式。然后,通过56个算例比较分析了本文公式计算结果与有限元计算结果发现:本文公式计算结果与有限元结果之比的平均值为1.015,标准差为0.049,说明本文公式具有足够的可靠性。接着,又对结构高度、均布质量、等效抗剪、抗弯刚度、钢板的高厚比、高宽比等参数进行了分析,分析结果表明:随着结构高度与均布质量开方的乘积增大,结构的基本自振周期增长;层数相同时,随着等效抗剪刚度、抗弯刚度的增大,周期有减小的趋势;层数相同时,随着钢板高厚比与高宽比乘积的增大,周期增长。 相似文献
9.
Abstract In order to obtain a better insight into the excitation conditions of magnetic fields in flat objects, such as galaxies, we have calculated critical dynamo numbers of different magnetic field modes for spherical dynamos with a flat α-effect distribution. A simple but realistic approximation formula for the rotation curve is employed. In most cases investigated a stationary quadrupole-type solution is preferred. This is a consequence of the flat distribution of the α-effect. Non-axisymmetric fields are in all cases harder to excite than axisymmetric ones. This seems to be the case particularly for flat objects in combination with a realistic rotation curve for galaxies. The question of whether non-axisymmetric (bisymmetric) fields, which are observed in some galaxies, can be explained as dynamos generated by an axisymmetric αω-effect is therefore still open. 相似文献
10.
本文利用热导率、热容、热膨胀系数等参数随温度变化的经验表达式,在板块模型的基础上用隐式有限差分方法解非线性热传导方程,并利用北太平洋和北大西洋海底年龄与水深数据反演了大洋岩石圈厚度与底界温度等参数,结果表明大洋岩石圈的厚度在105 km左右,岩石圈底界温度在1450℃左右,这与Stein等用全球大量数据反演的结果一致.将变参数模型用到岩石圈拉张成盆的模拟中,结果表明当考虑岩石圈热参数随温度变化之后,预测的地表热沉降要大于常参数均匀伸展模型的预测量.由此我们指出：McKenzie的均匀伸展模型预测的初始沉降偏大而热沉降偏小,可能与该模型没有考虑热参数随深度(即温度)变化有关. 相似文献
11.
S.-E. HJELT 《Geophysical Prospecting》1975,23(2):323-334
Dip and magnetic susceptibility of very deep magnetic plates can be estimated approximately from either vertical, horizontal or total field measurements. A general accuracy of 2–5 degrees is easily obtained, if the other plate parameters, most notably horizontal position of the plate, are precisely determined. For reliable interpretation, measurements around the anomaly maximum or on the dip-side flank of the anomaly should be preferred. The depth extent of the plates must be great, some ten times the plate width at least. The method is best suited to form a part of a plate interpretation scheme, where the other plate parameters are found by some other suitable means. The method can be applied to a simultaneous determination of dips of several plates, but because of its error sensitivity an iterative formulation should then be preferred. 相似文献
12.
A new expression for a lower bound for the fundamental natural frequency of a structure is presented and its relationship with Dunkerley's formula is examined. A related improved estimate for the fundamental frequency is also obtained and applied to obtain an approximate expression for the fundamental frequency of a soil–structure system including a 1-DOF structure, a flat rigid foundation, and an elastic soil. The resulting approximation is then compared with the now standard result first obtained by Jennings and Bielak [6] 相似文献
13.
The authors developed a buckling‐restrained brace that enables increased design freedom at both ends of the core plate and strict quality control while providing stable hysteresis characteristics even under high strains. The buckling‐restrained brace can be formed by welding a core plate covered with unbonded material to a pair of mortar‐filled channel steels (steel mortar planks) as a restraining part. The use of this approach enables visual confirmation of the status of the mortar filling and also facilitates standardizing structural members and member‐by‐member quality control. Specimens of a buckling‐restrained brace with different steel mortar plank heights are fabricated to adjust the restraining force, along with specimens with different core plate width‐to‐thickness ratios. The tests were conducted to reveal the hysteretic characteristics of the braces, as well as their cumulative plastic strain energy, elastoplastic properties, and stiffening properties. A performance evaluation formula as well as a buckling‐restrained brace design method using the test results is proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
R. GREEN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(2):265-272
From a gravity profile over a truncated horizontal plate, the horizontal derivative and, by means of the Hilbert Transform, the vertical derivative are obtained. When the horizontal derivative is plotted against the vertical derivative, the axis of symmetry of the resulting curve is inclined at the angle of dip of the face of the truncated plate. The depths to the upper and lower surfaces of the plate can be obtained uniquely from the symmetrical figure. Because of the derivatives being used, the method avoids the difficulties which arise from other methods of interpretation which depend upon a knowledge of the position of the origin of the gravity field data. The entire procedure for interpretation can be accommodated on a programmable calculator. An illustrative example is given. 相似文献
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地形改正是重力和电法勘探中用于消除测点周围地形起伏对观测结果影响的技术.由于地形形成自然电位异常的微观机理较为复杂,解析公式难以得到,可以采用最为直观的方法,寻找两者之间的拟合公式.根据研究,在自然电位梯度测量中,地形引起的自然电位异常分为两种:一是异常与地形起伏是镜像关系,这种情况占多数;另一种情况是异常与地形起伏为反镜像关系.多数地形起伏与异常存在线性关系、二次关系和指数关系,以线性关系为主.具体采用哪种拟合关系,可选取典型的地形和自然电位曲线,通过其变化规律进行判断;也可以采取试算的办法,通过改正效果的比较选择合适的拟合公式.本文选择鄂尔多斯盆地作为研究地点,提出了适用于自然电位梯度测量的地形改正方法.通过三种拟合公式改正效果的比较,得出线性拟合公式能更好地描述该测区内相对高差与自然电位改正量之间的关系.地形改正有效地消除了相对高差与自然电位之间的相关性,改正后的自然电位曲线能够较好地反映地下地质信息,自然电位等值线图异常更加突出.自然电位梯度测量中,地形起伏可影响异常形态,特别是起伏地形的面积与目标地质体的面积大小相当时,两者异常有可能难以区分,因此地形改正的研究具有重要的实用性. 相似文献
17.
Shivakumar Khaple Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari Roberto Gaudio Subhasish Dey 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(5):957-975
Results of an experimental study on the countermeasure of scour depth at circular piers are presented. Experiments were conducted for pier scour with and without a splitter plate under a steady, uniform clear-water flow condition. The results of pier scour without splitter plate were used as a reference. Different combinations of lengths and thicknesses of splitter plates were tested attaching each of them to a pier at the upstream vertical plane of symmetry. Two different median sediment sizes (d 50 = 0.96 and 1.8 mm) were considered as bed sediment. The experimental results show that the scour depth consistently decreases with an increase in splitter plate length, while the scour depth remains independent of splitter plate thickness. In addition, temporal evolution of scour depth at piers with and without a splitter plate is observed. The best combination is found to be with a splitter plate thickness of b/5 and a length of 2b. Here, b denotes the pier diameter. An empirical formula for the estimation of equilibrium scour depth at piers with splitter plates is obtained from a multiple linear regression analysis of the experimental data. The flow fields for various combinations of circular piers with and without splitter plate including plain bed and equilibrium scour conditions were measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The turbulent flow fields for various configurations are investigated by plotting the velocity vectors and the turbulent kinetic energy contours on vertical and horizontal planes. The splitter plate attached to the pier deflects the approach flow and thus weakens the strength of the downflow and the horseshoe vortex, being instrumental in reducing the equilibrium scour depth at piers. The proposed method of pier scour countermeasure is easy to install and cost effective as well. 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTION Mountains higher than 100m occupy 63% of the land area in Taiwan. Serious flood disasters and muddy flows usually occur in the rainy season. To reduce the disasters from hillslope development, the government published the Norm of Soil and Water Conservation Treatment (NSWCT) in 1994. One of the most important treatments is that detention ponds and grit chambers are essential facilities for reducing increased peak flow disasters and sediment yield. 309 volumes on soil… 相似文献
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由古地震资料推算得到的中国境内各活动断裂带上大震复发周期值存在很大差异,对于这种差异可从构造应力产生的弹性应变能分布去探讨其原因。经过对中国及邻区边界条件和受力方式进行较详细的分析后,先以最大主压应力方向为判据,用有限元数值模拟方法反演中国及邻区的板块边界力和区内的构造应力场,然后分析计算应变能随离板块边界的距离增大所呈现的衰减规律,由此换算出要达到相同应变能（一次地震）各地所需的积累时间,并将其与用古地震方法得到的一些已知断层带大震复发周期进行对比。结果表明用应力衰减图象能解释不同地区大震复发周期的显著差异 相似文献
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本文采用依赖温度的黏度结构以及考虑海洋板块和大陆板块厚度差异等特征,以太平洋板块向欧亚板块会聚速率作为板块速度的主要约束,通过变化海沟后撤速度模型,数值模拟西太平洋板块向中国东北的俯冲过程.结果表明,要产生类似于中国东北之下低角度的板片俯冲,海沟后撤是重要条件;而上下地幔黏度的较大差异是决定俯冲板片不穿透660 km相变面的决定因素;西太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲应早于70 Ma B.P.,海沟后撤速度可能小于一些地质学家估计的45 mm/a, 而且可能是分阶段变化的;速度场表明运动学模型的反过程：大陆岩石圈之下物质的不断水平向东的流动和推挤可能成为海沟后撤的力源之一,地幔物质的这种东向流动可能与印度板块挤压碰撞欧亚板块有关,沿欧亚板块东缘的扩张构造可能是太平洋-欧亚板块运动和印度-欧亚板块运动的综合效应. 相似文献