共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
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流量过程线划分的同位素和水文化学方法研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
简要介绍了同位素和水文化学划分流量过程线的原理,综述了国内外关于流量过程线分割各种模型的发展历程及其优缺点,最初的二水源模型分割出了降水和地下水两种组分,没有考虑土壤水;三水源模型主要包括降水,地下水和土壤水,应用较广;多水源模型适用于水源补给较复杂的流域.该方法从单纯的同位素示踪发展到同位素和水文化学示踪的结合,不确定性分析的方法逐渐多样化和精确化.国内在该领域的研究较少.今后应加强不同尺度不同水文地质条件流域的研究,综合利用多种方法分割过程线. 相似文献
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针对现行流量过程线分割方法中存在着缺乏物理基础和客观的、科学的操作方法，以及其他的一些问题，提出了流量过程线的分割应遵循的三条基本原则，在此基础上提出流量过程线分割的新方法。该法通过流域的降雨资料和出口断面的流量资料，经推导得到Horton下渗能力曲线的三参数，并推导出地下净雨量在非饱和带运行时间公式和地下水汇流公式，从而对流域出口断面流量过程线进行分割。 相似文献
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主要目的是通过对同位素在流域水文模拟应用中的一些假定、限制条件以及方法进行澄清和系统化,从而促进同位素在流域水文模拟中一些新的研究方向和研究热点.主要从三个方面,即同位素流量过程线分割、流域平均滞时与不同水源混合、与水文模型耦合,讨论同位素示踪剂在流域水文模拟中的研究进展情况.同时指出了同位素在流域水文模拟中应用存在的一些主要问题,包括:①降雨同位素含量的时空变化;②不同径流成分的采样;③径流输出同位素含量的空间变化;④流域平均滞时分布函数的确定;⑤水文同位素耦合模型. 相似文献
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自1987年起,在实验流域和代表流域对现行流量过程线划分两种径流成分的环境同位素法的基本假定进行了实验检验.结果表明,由于沉域水文系统同位素条件的复杂性,8项基本假定大多是不正确观念,应用该模型所得结果误差较大.研究认为对天然流域流量过程线使用环境同位素方法划分两种或两种以上径流组分时,必须具有4项必要条件,才能取得合理结果. 相似文献
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流量过程线分割方法的分析探讨 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
对流量过程线分割方法进行了深入的研究，讨论了对基流问题的认识，给出了较合理的基流定义；分析探讨了几种常见的流量过程线分割方法以及存在的问题，并对这些分割方法从物理成因和水文产汇流规律等方面进行了比较研究。 相似文献
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同位素示踪划分藤桥流域流量过程线的试验研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
在流域面积为３０３ｋｍ＾２的藤桥流域（山区）。对现行同位素流量过程线划分方法的合理性，用环境同位素氧－１８作了试验研究，现行方法在其两种径流式成分的混合模型中，对降雨和地下径流均用单一同位素含量表征是不正确的，将导致划分结果有误差，由图解划分方法所得的地下径流，在本工作条件下，表明它近似于块状岩来裂隙水为主的地下补给，不包括主要属第四纱的风化层和冲积堆积层的地下径流部位，由试验结果可见，利用环境同 相似文献
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基流分割方法在寒旱区流域的适用性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基流作为寒旱区流域的重要水分补给,在维持生态系统安全和水资源合理规划等方面发挥着重要作用,确定适合该区环境特点的基流分割方法尤为重要。基于数字滤波、滑动最小值(BFI)、时间步长(HYSEP)三类方法对我国西北寒旱区黑河流域上游莺落峡水文站1954~2012年的逐日流量进行基流分割,对三类共9种基流分割方法在研究区的适用性进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)9种方法计算所得年内基流量变化趋势均符合黑河流域特点,但不同月份降雨量的差异对基流分割结果的影响显著;(2)滑动最小值法和时间步长法对不同年份的基流过程有更好的辨识度,且滑动最小值(B1)法、滑动最小值(B2)法、时间步长(H3)法所得的多年平均基流指数与已有实验研究得到的结果相近,结果可靠,同时各法基流指数统计结果表明9种方法所得基流序列均较为平稳,年际变化平缓;(3)时间步长(H3)法得到的基流过程线符合流域汇流规律,与斜线分割法的确定性系数显著优于其它各法(R2=0.825,p0.001)。综上,时间步长法中的局部最小值(H3)法综合考虑了年内基流量变化特征、年基流指数稳定性、径流过程线合理性三个方面,在黑河上游流域进行基流分割最为适宜。 相似文献
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对于山区和丘陵地区,地下水主要由降水补给,且不透水层相对较浅,河流的地下水一般由与河流无水利联系的含水层裂隙水形成。因此山丘区的地下水可以通过水文学的方法即分割径流过程线的方法把径流过程分为地表和地下两部分。目前常用的分割方法有最小月流量法、综合退水线法和加里宁试算法等,以熊岳站为例,阐述加里宁试算法原理、计算方法以及在熊岳站的应用。 相似文献
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基流分割的简便计算法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鉴于基流分割计算费时，效率低。本文提出一种基流分割的简便计算方法。该法是将实测径流过程点绘在半对数纸上，以直线连接过程线的相应起涨点和拐点，然后建立该直线的数学模型，用积分法求直线以下部分的基流量。与一般列表法相比，其具有速度快、精度高等特点。 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(6):441-450
In humid subtropical regions, baseflow is mainly governed by aquifer discharges and this dynamic is fed by groundwater recharge. To better comprehend the watershed groundwater recharge using a large-scale approach, two watersheds located over the Serra Geral Aquifer System (Southern South America) were studied. Three different groundwater recharge methods were utilized to study the baseflow: a simplified water budget, a hydrograph separation using the Eckhardt filter with different ways of obtaining the BFImax parameter, and the MGB–IPH hydrological model, which is unprecedented in being used for this purpose. These methods showed a general mutual convergence, where recharge magnitude remained similar in most methods. The MGB–IPH model proved to be a useful tool for understanding the occurrence of groundwater recharge. Uncertainties associated with the representativity of interflow demonstrated by hydrograph separation and shown in the model may indicate that the groundwater recharge estimate could be lower than those obtained considering hydrograph numerical filters. 相似文献
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The hydrograph separation of the Amazon river was performed using three different methodologies. Were applied isotopic, filter-separation, and mixing methods to estimate the contributions of the surface runoff (event water) and baseflow (pre-event water) components to the total river flow, during the 1973–1974 hydrological years. The importance of the baseflow contribution, mainly during the peak discharge, suggesting that the groundwater plays a much more active and important role in the storm dynamics, was verified. Similar results were obtained for all the methods used, and the applicability of each one was discussed in detail. For the Amazon river basin, the average contribution of the baseflow was 56% of the total river flow, at peak discharge. The average surface runoff contribution, which represents the water capable of mechanical erosion in drainage basins, expressed in terms of the surface runoff coefficient (Kr), was 31.9%, while the mean contribution of the baseflow, expressed by the baseflow coefficient (Kb), was 68.1%. 相似文献
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Hyerin Kim Sung-Hyun Cho Dongguen Lee Youn-Young Jung Young-Hee Kim Dong-Chan Koh Jeonghoon Lee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(2):82
For water resources management, many studies for investigating flow paths from rainfall to subsurface have been conducted for last half century. A hydrograph separation based on end member mixing was carried out to evaluate the importance of the hydrological pathways providing the main sources of a small granitic watershed, Dorim-cheon, Seoul. An analysis of chloride, oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes from precipitation and stream water during three storms was conducted with high-resolution data using 129 samples. Stream water, collected in advance of rain event, was assumed as a pre-event water (baseflow) component according to its dry condition and isotopic values compared with the values of different time periods. The contribution from vadose water was ignored due to the thin soil layer covering the study area. Using a two-component mixing model, hydrograph separation of the stream water in Dorim-cheon was conducted based on weighted mean values of rain water and pre-event water component with the high-resolution datasets. As a result of the analysis with water isotopes, contribution of groundwater was dominant during the entire study period (73–74%) except of instant dominance of rainfall at the earliest period. Using chloride as a tracer for hydrograph separation, a significant difference for the amount of pre-event water contribution was identified. This might be caused by the large variation of chloride concentration during the rain event and the end member determination. 相似文献
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The catchment areas with the hydrological data in the southern region of the Cretaceous system are divided into seven categories according to the distribution characteristics of physical geographic conditions, watershed, lithology and geological structure. River baseflow of the Cretaceous system in the Ordos Basin is 1.143 billion m3/a. Baseflow of the Jing River drainage area is 538 million m3/a, which accounts for 47.0 % of the total, and baseflow of the Wuding River drainage area is 352 million m3/a, which accounts for 30.8 %. The AutoCAD technique of baseflow separation is chosen for two reasons. Firstly, the automated technique neither has the true physical basis, nor the relation to groundwater movement. Selection of $ \alpha $ value must refer to manual method for baseflow separation. Each pass will result in less baseflow as a percentage of total flow. Secondly, it is always thought that the manual method for baseflow separation is based on physical reasoning. The AutoCAD technique is essentially manual baseflow separation using the drafting tools available in AutoCAD. During the manual baseflow separation process, it makes the calculation workload substantial. The greatest benefits of using AutoCAD for calculation are to reduce the workload, enhance the efficiency, and provide more precise results. Hence, the AutoCAD technique provides a new way for baseflow separation. 相似文献
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??根据岩溶含水系统的双重特性,岩溶含水系统出口处泉流量可分为三个组成部分—前期蓄水量,快速径流和慢速径流,将快速径流和慢速径流视为两线性并联水库,经过系统的调蓄作用,得到一个单位降雨脉冲下快速流和慢速流的响应函数,建立了前期降雨和瞬时单位线之间的识别函数,识别降雨在岩溶不同空隙类型中的水量分配系数。将该函数模型应用到后寨河岩溶小流域,通过参数识别,结果表明从上游到下游前期蓄水量呈现增加的趋势,而水量进入到管道中的分配系数呈现递减的趋势,说明岩溶裂隙结构越往下游越发育,这一研究结果和实际情况相符,说明该模型有一定的适应性,但由于模型假设岩溶系统是线性变化的,所以该模型不适用于大流域以及长期的泉流量预测。 相似文献
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融水径流分割研究回顾及展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全球气候变暖引起雪冰（积雪/冰川）消融、冻土退化,融水径流量显著增加。不同融水径流分割方法可以量化河流径流的融水比例,反映高寒区雪冰变化及其对气候变暖的响应。评述了不同径流分割方法的原理及其优缺点,并着重介绍了同位素/化学径流分割的计算方法及示踪剂选择。对比分析各研究流域融水径流分割结果,详细讨论影响融水径流变化的主要因素。针对同位素径流分割方法的理想化假设,提出了量化不确定性的的拓展研究。最后,阐述了随着高频采样技术的完善,同位素径流分割研究的发展前景。 相似文献
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Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow records 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
The purpose of this paper is to estimate ground-water recharge based on the investigation of the balance between ground-water recharge and discharge from streamflow hydrographs. Two methods of hydrograph analysis are employed in a case study of Cho-Shui River basin, Taiwan. The first is the recession-curve-displacement method, which assumes the linearity of the master recession curve while the profile of the ground-water head distribution is nearly stable. The second method is the base-flow-record estimation, which uses a relatively arbitrary procedure to estimate a continuous record of ground-water discharge (baseflow) under the streamflow hydrograph. Through implementing these two methods, the annual rates of ground-water recharge and infiltration in the area of Cho-Shui River basin are examined as our case study. Results showed that the discharge calculated by the method of base-flow-record estimation is about 16% average less than the recharge calculated by the recession-curve-displacement method in the mountain region. 相似文献
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黄河源区白河基流分割方法适用性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基流是黄河径流的重要补给来源, 对源区水资源规划和生态环境建设具有重要作用。以黄河源区白河流域为研究区, 利用唐克水文站1981 - 2015年的实测日径流资料, 采用常用的5类12种数值模拟法, 进行基流分割并比较分析其适用性。结果表明： 12种方法估算的基流指数（Baseflow index, BFI）差异明显, Lyne-Hollick滤波法计算的BFI值最大, 为0.91; 加里宁法计算的BFI值最小, 为0.39; Eckhardt滤波法的标准差和极值比最小, 稳定性最好; 加里宁法的标准差和极值比最大, 稳定性最差; 对1992年（丰水年）日径流过程进行分割, Chapman滤波法、 Chapman-Maxwell滤波法和加里宁法的基流过程线平滑缓慢, 更符合实际情况; Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法和HYSEP法基流模拟效果较好, Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数高于0.87, 决定系数接近0.9, 平均相对误差小于10%。综合比较, 认为Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法是白河流域较为适宜的基流分割手段。 相似文献