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内蒙古大地构造单元划分及其地质特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据地层建造类型、生物区系特征、各块体构造及边界构造特征、构造活动演化特点,采用板块构造学术观点,对内蒙古大地构造单元进行了重新认识和划分。划分为华北板块、西伯利亚板块、塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦(准葛尔)板块四个一级构造单元。华北地块、华北北部陆缘增生带、哈萨克斯坦东南陆缘增生带、塔里木东部陆缘增生带、西伯利亚东南陆缘增生带五个二级构造单元。并进一步划分了火山型和非火山型被动陆缘等九个三级构造单元。对各构造单元地质特征及边界构造特征进行了论述,对几个重要地质问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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中国海洋油气资源开发与国家石油安全战略对策 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
石油是中国能源安全的核心问题,随着我国石油供应对外依赖程度的增大,石油安全问题越来越突出,将会成为我国21世纪经济、社会可持续发展面临的一个重要问题。我国是海洋油气资源丰富的国家,广阔的海域中分布着近100×104km2的含油沉积盆地,近海石油资源量为240×108t,天然气资源量为140×1012m3。海洋油气资源的开发利用,将能部分解决我国油气资源进口数量。本文讨论了解决石油安全的四种模式,对我国油气安全的国际和国内条件进行了分析,提出了解决我国油气安全的战略对策。 相似文献
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干旱内陆流域生态需水量及其估算──以黑河流域为例 总被引：73，自引：17，他引：56
在干县内陆流域生态需水量概念与分类的基础上,以黑河流域为例,讨论了生态需水量估算的方法。采用两种半经验潜水蒸发公式和直接植物蒸腾估算等三种方法,以1995年为基准,分别对流域中游防护林生态体系需水量和下游荒漠绿洲生态需水量进行了初步估算,结果表明:黑河流域中游人工防护林生态需水量约为2.1× 108~2.16×108 m3,下游荒漠绿洲生态需水量为5.23×108~5.7×108 m3;为维持或稳定流域下游额济纳现有绿洲规模,狼心山断面过水流量不应小于5.8×108m3。 相似文献
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基于实际粮食产量与抛荒耕地种植粮食作物条件下粮食总产量关系的分析方法有助于促进耕地红线制度改进。依据全国粮食总产量、种植面积与耕地面积数据,构造2016-2033 年粮食产量与耕地面积红线耦合的基本、法定、过渡、新型与理想耦合红线标准;分析阶段性耦合与可持续耦合两种升级路径。研究表明：2001-2015 年,全国耕地面积与粮食产量耦合不足。据此,提出以新增建设用地指标与抛荒治理面积挂钩的政策建议;在抛荒比例11.12%的条件下,新增单位面积建设用地,治理28.85 倍抛荒耕地;2017、2021、2025、2029、2033 年分别实现有效利用1.200×108 hm2、1.243×108 hm2、1.279×108 hm2、1.314×108 hm2、1.349×108 hm2 耕地,粮食总产量分别比基期增加4.838×106、2.4190×107、4.354 2×107、5.321 8×107、8.824 6×107 t;红线耦合系数分别达到0.882 471、0.909 740、0.937 008、0.950 643与1;有效利用耕地增加12.5%,粮食总产量提升14.2%。 相似文献
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东南极威尔克斯地-阿德利地陆缘是研究南极洲-澳大利亚晚白垩世裂解过程的关键部位,然而该地区的地质情况研究程度较低,特别是在构造-沉积演化方面。基于横穿威尔克斯地-阿德利地大陆边缘多道地震剖面的解释,对该地区的构造变形及沉积特征进行了研究。在地震剖面上识别出区域性的两大不整合面,分别是土伦阶不整合面(tur)和始新世不整合面(eoc)。两大不整合面将研究区层序划分为三大构造层序:裂谷层序S3,后裂谷层序S2、S1。裂谷层序主要为裂谷期的火山碎屑岩,后裂谷层序多为半深海浊流沉积物如淤泥、黏土等。地震剖面解释发现,研究区不同部位构造变形及沉积特征差异显著,威尔克斯地西部S3较少发育,只在陆坡坡脚向深海盆地过渡的局部区域发育,而发育了厚层的S2、S1;威尔克斯地东部发育了厚层的S3,且S3内部普遍发育高角度正断层。阿德利地发育了一明显的裂谷地块——"阿德利地裂谷地块",其为裂谷作用下从大陆边缘裂离至深海区的海底高原,在其陆缘一侧可能发育了大型的控制断陷的正断层。威尔克斯地-阿德利地陆缘构造变形的差异可能是由于南极洲-澳大利亚板块裂解过程中发生逆时针旋转,导致陆缘裂谷作用强度不均所形成。威尔克斯地-阿德利地陆缘在洋-陆过渡带(Continent-Ocean Transition,COT)内发育了岩浆成因的基底凸脊,这些凸脊可能是在早期裂谷作用时,在地壳减薄最强烈处地幔物质上涌并遇水蛇纹石化的结果,并且导致了COT内的磁异常。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地昆北地区位于柴达木盆地西部南区的昆仑山前缘，该地区构造活动频繁，地层完整，是研究古环境和古气候理想地区。通过采集昆北地区切26井新生界下部泥岩样品，对其进行微量元素分析。结果表明：在地层界线附近，路乐河组Cu、U、Cr、Sr元素含量平均值分别为18.34×10-6、3.24×10-6、141.68×10-6、107.10×10-6,下干柴沟组下段为28.17×10-6、3.35×10-6、192.07×10-6、217.05×10-6。下干柴沟组下段微量元素有明显增大趋势，指示沉积环境发生变化。U与陆源碎屑来源指示元素Th相关性差（R2=0.174 5)，表明U主要为自生成因，因此其含量的增加可以指示原始沉积水体还原程度的增强。Cr与U表现为弱相关（R2=0.420
9),表明水体环境的变化对Cr的富集有一定的影响；氧化还原指标U/Th、V/Cr表明研究区古环境为氧化水体沉积环境，U/Th、V/Cr指标在下干柴沟组下段变大表明水体加深，还原性增强。利用Sr/Cu比值变化以及结合化石种属演化等推测地层界线附近古气候经历了干旱—湿润—干旱的旋回变化。 相似文献
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青海省祁连山南缘多年冻土区发现天然气水合物,这是在我国冻土区的首次发现。虽然青海天然气水合物的发现与开发具有诸如能源战略等重要意义,但在多年冻土区开发天然气水合物具有巨大的环境影响风险,包括CH4释放对全球气候的影响、冻土层的退化和高寒草甸的破坏、开采过程中可能出现的塌方和地陷等。可以通过采用安全可靠的具有针对性的开发技术和工艺,将青海天然气水合物开发纳入柴达木循环经济范畴,采用CO2捕获和封存技术,以及控制工程过程等来防治天然气水合物开发过程中的环境影响。 相似文献
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The methane hydrate stability zone beneath Sverdrup Basin has developed to a depth of 2 km underneath the Canadian Arctic Islands and 1 km below sea level under the deepest part of the inter-island sea channels. It is not, however, a continuous zone. Methane hydrates are detected in this zone, but the gas hydrate/free gas contact occurs rarely. Interpretation of well logs indicate that methane hydrate occurs within the methane stability zone in 57 of 150 analyzed wells. Fourteen wells show the methane hydrate/free gas contact. Analysis of the distribution of methane hydrate and hydrate/gas contact occurrences with respect to the present methane hydrate stability zone indicate that, in most instances, the detected methane hydrate occurs well above the base of methane hydrate stability. This relationship suggests that these methane hydrates were formed in shallower strata than expected with respect to the present hydrate stability zone from methane gases which migrated upward into hydrate trap zones. Presently, only a small proportion of gas hydrate occurrences occur in close proximity to the base of predicted methane hydrate stability. The association of the majority of detected hydrates with deeply buried hydrocarbon discoveries, mostly conventional natural gas accumulations, or mapped seismic closures, some of which are dry, located in structures in western and central Sverdrup Basin, indicate the concurring relationship of hydrate occurrence with areas of high heat flow. Either present-day or paleo-high heat flows are relevant. Twenty-three hydrate occurrences coincide directly with underlying conventional hydrocarbon accumulations. Other gas hydrate occurrences are associated with structures filled with water with evidence of precursor hydrocarbons that were lost because of upward leakage. 相似文献
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W. F. Waite L. A. Stern S. H. Kirby W. J. Winters D. H. Mason 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(2):767-774
Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of sI methane hydrate were measured as functions of temperature and pressure using a needle probe technique. The temperature dependence was measured between −20°C and 17°C at 31.5 MPa. The pressure dependence was measured between 31.5 and 102 MPa at 14.4°C. Only weak temperature and pressure dependencies were observed. Methane hydrate thermal conductivity differs from that of water by less than 10 per cent, too little to provide a sensitive measure of hydrate content in water-saturated systems. Thermal diffusivity of methane hydrate is more than twice that of water, however, and its specific heat is about half that of water. Thus, when drilling into or through hydrate-rich sediment, heat from the borehole can raise the formation temperature more than 20 per cent faster than if the formation's pore space contains only water. Thermal properties of methane hydrate should be considered in safety and economic assessments of hydrate-bearing sediment. 相似文献
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Water is a necessary element during gas hydrate formations. Therefore, by analyzing water depletion changes in media, the reaction characteristics of methane hydrate in media can be studied. In this study, two water sources supplying some liquid water which may be consumed by the methane hydrate formation reactions were designed and assembled. Using them, the full formation processes of methane hydrate was studied. Experimental results show the following： If heat released from nucleation reaction of methane hydrate is diffused rapidly, the nucleation ratios will be enhanced discernibly. While the hydrate is formed, a force is generated that sucks fresh water from the source into the vicinity of the hydrate, slowing down the cementation process and causing some hydrate grain dissociation. As a result of cementation differences, the hydrate reaction processes with different water sources present linear or quadratic equation characteristics. After a few repeated dissociation and formation processes of some hydrate grains caused by the fresh water, the gas amounts contained in hydrate will be significantly enhanced. 相似文献
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Natural Gas Hydrate Stability in the East Coast Offshore-Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The methane hydrate stability zone beneath the Canadian East Coast oceanic margin has developed to a depth of more than 600 meters beneath the deep water column in the area of the deep shelf and the slope. This zone is continuous spreading from the Labrador continental shelf in the north to the slope of the Nova Scotia shelf in the south. Gas hydrates within the methane hydrate stability zone are detected only in one situation, however, they are numerous in the deeper zone in which type II gas hydrates are present through the whole area at water depths as low as 100-200 m. Well-log indications of gas hydrate situated deeper than the base of the methane hydrate stability zone may be an indication of wetter, compositionally more complicated hydrates that probably are not of bacterial only origin. This could indicate a deep thermogenic source of gas in hydrates. The presence of hydrates in the upper 1000 m of sediments also can be considered as an indicator of deeper hydrocarbon sources. 相似文献
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极地天然气水合物分布于南北极大陆及其毗邻海域的沉积物（岩）中,与广泛分布的永久冻土带密切相关,资源潜力巨大。极地天然气水合物储层类型主要为富砂沉积物储层,能提供天然气水合物高浓度聚集所需的储集渗透性,最可能实现远景勘探和商业利用。随着全球气候变暖,北冰洋海冰加速融化和航道开通,北极地区蕴藏的丰富资源都将从潜在利益变成现实利益,各国的权益纷争也将愈演愈烈。本文综述了极地天然气水合物勘探开发现状和相关国家的水合物开发政策,依据中国海陆域天然气水合物勘查开发现状,提出了中国参与极地天然气水合物研究和开发的思路和途径,为中国极地资源开发利用战略提供参考。 相似文献
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Volume, heat and salt transport by the West Spitsbergen Current 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the summer of 2000 (June-July) 14 CTD and ADCP transects perpendicular to the West Spitsbergen Current and along the western border of the Barents Sea were made. The measurements covered the area between 69° 43'and 80° N and 01° and 20° E. The main purpose was to follow changes in volume, heat and salt content of Atlantic Water (AW) on its way north. The strongest and most stable flow of AW was located along the continental slope where northward flowing currents exceeding 40 cm/sec were measured. A few weaker northward branches were also found to the west of the slope. South-directed currents were recorded between them and eddy-like mesoscale structures were commonly observed. Measured by vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VM-ADCP), the net northward transport of AW volume in the upper 136 m layer decreased from nearly 6 Sv at the southernmost transect to below 1 Sv at a latitude of 78° 50'N. Similarly, heat transport drops from about 173 TW to about 9 TW and relative salt transport (over 34.92 psu) from 980 × 103 kg/sec to 14 × 103 kg/sec. Transport in the southern direction prevails at the transect located between 79° 07'and 79° 30'N. The calculated baroclinic geostrophic transport of AW volume, heat and salt in the upper 1000 m layer behaves similarly. East-directed transport dominates at the Barents Sea boundary while westward flow prevails on the western side of the West Spitsbergen Current. 相似文献
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《Basin Research》2017,29(2):149-179
Integrated analysis of high‐quality three‐dimensional (3D) seismic, seabed geochemistry, and satellite‐based surface slick data from the deep‐water Kwanza Basin documents the widespread occurrence of past and present fluid flow associated with dewatering processes and hydrocarbon migration. Seismic scale fluid flow phenomena are defined by seep‐related seafloor features including pockmarks, mud or asphalt volcanoes, gas hydrate pingoes, as well as shallow subsurface features such as palaeo‐pockmarks, direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs), pipes and bottom‐simulating reflections (BSRs). BSR‐derived shallow geothermal gradients show elevated temperatures attributed to fluid advection along inclined stratigraphic carrier beds around salt structures in addition to elevated shallow thermal anomalies above highly conductive salt bodies. Seabed evidences of migrated thermogenic hydrocarbons and surface slicks are used to differentiate thermogenic hydrocarbon migration from fluid flow processes such as dewatering and biogenic gas migration. The analysis constrains the fluid plumbing system defined by the three‐dimensional distribution of stratigraphic carriers and seal bypass systems through time. Detailed integration and iterative interpretation have confirmed the presence of mature source rock and effective migration pathways with significant implications for petroleum prospectivity in the post‐salt interval. Integration of seismic, seabed geochemistry and satellite data represents a robust method to document and interpret fluid flow phenomena along continental margins, and highlights the importance of integrated fluid flow studies with regard to petroleum exploration, submarine geohazards, marine ecosystems and climate change. 相似文献
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Seismic reflection data image now-buried and inactive volcanoes, both onshore and along the submarine portions of continental margins. However, the impact that these volcanoes have on later, post-eruption fluid flow events (e.g., hydrocarbon migration and accumulation) is poorly understood. Determining how buried volcanoes and their underlying plumbing systems influence subsurface fluid or gas flow, or form traps for hydrocarbon accumulations, is critical to de-risk hydrocarbon exploration and production. Here, we focus on evaluating how buried volcanoes affect the bulk permeability of hydrocarbon seals, and channel and focus hydrocarbons. We use high-resolution 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the northern South China Sea to show how ca. <10 km wide, ca. <590 m high Miocene volcanoes, buried several kilometres (ca. 1.9 km) below the seabed and fed by a sub-volcanic plumbing system that exploited rift-related faults: (i) acted as long-lived migration pathways, and perhaps reservoirs, for hydrocarbons generated from even more deeply buried (ca. 8–10 km) source rocks; and (ii) instigated differential compaction and doming of the overburden during subsequent burial, producing extensional faults that breached regional seal rocks. Considering that volcanism and related deformation are both common on many magma-rich passive margins, the interplay between the magmatic products and hydrocarbon migration documented here may be more common than currently thought. Our results demonstrate that now-buried and inactive volcanoes can locally degrade hydrocarbon reservoir seals and control the migration of hydrocarbon-rich fluids and gas. These fluids and gases can migrate into and be stored in shallower reservoirs, where they may then represent geohazards to drilling and impact slope stability. 相似文献