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1.
Darcian flow under/through a leaky cutoff wall: Terzaghi–Anderson's seepage problem revisited 
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下载免费PDF全文 An analytical solution is obtained for 2‐D steady Darcian flow under and through a cutoff wall partially obstructing a homogeneous isotropic foundation of a dam. The wall is leaky; that is, flow across it depends on the ratio of hydraulic conductivity of the wall and the wall thickness that results in the third‐type (Robin) boundary condition along the wall, as compared with the Terzaghi problem for an impermeable wall. The Laplace equation for the hydraulic head is meshlessly solved in a non‐standard flow tube. A Fredholm equation of the second kind is obtained for the intensity of leakage across the wall. The equation is tackled numerically, by adjusted successive iterations. Flow characteristics (total Darcian discharge and its components through the wall and the window between the wall top and horizontal bedrock, stream function, head distribution, and Darcian velocity along the wall and tailwater bed) are obtained for various conductivity ratios, head drops across the structure, thicknesses of the foundation, and the degree of its blockage by the wall. Comparisons with the Terzaghi limit of an impermeable wall show that for common wall materials and thicknesses, the leakage may constitute tens of percent of the discharge under the dam. The through‐flow hydraulic gradients on a vertical wall face (Robin's boundary condition) as well as the exit gradients along a horizontal tailwater boundary (Dirichlet's boundary condition) acting for decades have deleterious impacts on dam stability because of potential heaving, piping, and mechanical–chemical suffusion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
为评价滨海地区海（咸）水入侵区不同类型地层渗透性,提出振荡试验适宜模型选择方法。利用Geoprobe系统对不同平面位置地层实施了气压式振荡试验,部分点位进行了分层测试;利用配线法计算地层渗透系数。结果表明:当试验目标层为承压含水层时,利用Butler模型分析欠阻尼振荡试验,KGS模型分析过阻尼振荡试验,均可获得良好的计算结果;当试验目标层为弱透水层时,KGS模型可用于过阻尼振荡试验的数据分析,但计算结果会受到相邻高渗透性含水层以及钻孔编录不准确的影响。地层渗透性等级未知条件下,需根据地层类型、介质岩性、测试井结构和水位恢复过程曲线特征选择适宜的振荡试验分析模型,以准确获取地层渗透系数值。 相似文献
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A mathematical model describing the hydraulic head distribution for a constant‐head test performed in a well situated at the centre of a patchy aquifer is presented. The analytical solution for the mathematical model is derived by the Laplace transforms and the Bromwich integral method. The solution for the hydraulic head has been shown to satisfy the governing equations, related boundary conditions, and continuity requirements for the hydraulic head and flow rate at the interface of the patch and outer regions. An efficient numerical approach is proposed to evaluate the solution, which has an integral covering an integration range from zero to infinity and an integrand consisting the product and square of the Bessel functions. This solution can be used to produce the curves of dimensionless hydraulic head against dimensionless time for investigating the effect of the contrast of formation properties on the dimensionless hydraulic head distribution. Define the ratio of outer‐region transmissivity to patch‐region transmissivity as α. The dimensionless hydraulic head for α=0.1 case is about 2.72 times to that for α=10 case at dimensionless large time (e.g. τ?106) when the dimensionless distance (ρ) equals 10. The results indicate that the hydraulic head distribution highly depends on the hydraulic properties of two‐zone formations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为评价振荡试验在获取倾斜承压含水层水文地质参数过程中含水层倾角对计算结果的影响,基于Kipp模型推导了考虑承压含水层倾角的振荡试验解析解模型。倾斜承压含水层量纲一贮水系数和量纲一导水系数不变条件下,测试井-含水层系统的量纲一阻尼系数随着倾角的增加而增加。修正模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数与Kipp模型计算的量纲一阻尼系数偏差10%以上时,必须考虑倾角的影响并且承压含水层倾角对水头响应曲线造成影响临界角度约为34°。修正模型和Kipp模型对现场振荡试验水头响应曲线分析结果的差异表明,忽略含水层倾角会对倾斜承压含水层导水系数和贮水系数的计算结果产生较大误差。 相似文献
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《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(6-7):305-315
A regional seepage field is usually simulated by 2D horizontal seepage finite element method (FEM). However, the Dupuit assumption means that it does not take into account hydraulic head loss caused by vertical flow. In order to simulate a regional seepage field containing suspended cut-off walls by 2D horizontal FEM without any loss of accuracy and efficiency, a zero-thickness element is introduced. The zero-thickness element is used to model suspended cut-off walls and take into account the hydraulic head loss caused by vertical flow near the walls. The matrix equation is deduced. The deduction is based on the resistance coefficient method and the analytical solution of flow near suspended cut-off walls under plane condition. The accuracy of the method is assessed by comparing with 3D FEM results. These coincide with each other both in discharge and hydraulic head. The method is an effective way to simulate a suspended cut-off wall in a regional seepage field with 2D horizontal FEM. 相似文献
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Because of their simplicity, assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity are often applied to slug test analyses, determining hydraulic conductivity of heterogeneous and anisotropic formations, in spite of their inherent unfitness. In this study, it was examined how anisotropy and heterogeneity of the formation affect well recovery curves and therefore estimates of hydraulic conductivity in slug tests. Using a finite element method (FEM) slug test model, several hypothetical slug tests in anisotropic and heterogeneous formations with known hydraulic parameters and actual formations of unknown parameters were analyzed. Error factors as a result of the assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity were quantified through sensitivity analyses of well recovery curves. Results of slug tests analyzed in this study indicate that: (1) the well recovery curves in slug tests do not show unique shape or signs reflecting the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the tested formation; (2) the assumption of isotropy does not deviate estimates of hydraulic conductivity significantly when the radial hydraulic conductivity is larger than the vertical one in the formation; (3) the assumption of homogeneity in a layered heterogeneous system has a high potential for errors in hydraulic conductivity estimation, however it can be avoided by placing the screened section apart from the adjacent layers; (4) a low permeability well skin skews the hydraulic conductivity of the original formation, depending on the size and hydraulic conductivity of the skin. 相似文献
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综合考虑了海底淤泥层的弹性储水系数、海潮荷载效应和渗透性,对海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海承压含水层系统中海潮引起的水头波动进行分析,给出了相应的数学模型,并推导出其解析解,讨论了淤泥层弹性储水对于水头波动的影响.分析表明,当淤泥层的厚度或弹性储水系数较小时,或者其渗透性较好时,可以忽略其弹性储水效应,从而把整个淤泥层简化为第三类边界条件来处理.文章还考虑了承压含水层和淤泥层中可能存在的垂向流动,对垂向剖面二维地下水流动方程进行了数值模拟,将二维数值解与忽略垂向流动的一维解析解进行了比较,结果表明该含水层系统的垂向流动是可以被忽略的. 相似文献
10.
Abigail L. Langston Elizabeth J. Screaton Jonathan B. Martin Vincent Bailly-Comte 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(4):767-781
The karstic upper Floridan aquifer in north-central Florida (USA) is recharged by both diffuse and allogenic recharge. To understand how recharged water moves within the aquifer, water levels and specific conductivities were monitored and slug tests were conducted in wells installed in the aquifer surrounding the Santa Fe River Sink and Rise. Results indicate that diffuse recharge does not mix rapidly within the aquifer but instead flows horizontally. Stratification may be aided by the high matrix porosity of the eogenetic karst aquifer. Purging wells for sample collection perturbed conductivity for several days, reflecting mixing of the stratified water and rendering collection of representative samples difficult. Interpretive numerical simulations suggest that diffuse recharge impacts the intrusion of allogenic water from the conduit by increasing hydraulic head in the surrounding aquifer and thereby reducing influx to the aquifer from the conduit. In turn, the increase of head within the conduits affects flow paths of diffuse recharge by moving newly recharged water vertically as the water table rises and falls. This movement may result in a broad vertical zone of dissolution at the water table above the conduit system, with thinner and more focused water-table dissolution at greater distance from the conduit. 相似文献
11.
四川省大渡河上某水电站目前正处于施工阶段,大坝基坑防渗墙已基本完成施工,但基坑涌水量较大,为评价防渗墙的防渗效果,在两防渗墙间开展了2组抽水试验.根据研究区边界条件,利用综合井函数法初步求取了基坑砂砾层的水文地质参数,并在此基础上采用数值法(groundwater modeling system, GMS)建立水流模型,进行参数的识别、验证,研究表明综合井函数法得到的砂砾含水层渗透系数为19.13~32.24 m/d,GMS拟合得到的渗透系数为26.00 m/d.此外,数值模拟拟合得到的主、副防渗墙渗透系数较小(0.01~0.02 m/d),说明两防渗墙防渗效果较好. 相似文献
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A new analytical solution is developed for describing groundwater level fluctuations in a coupled leaky confined aquifer system
which consists of an unconfined aquifer, confined aquifer, and an aquitard in between. The aquifer system has a tidal boundary
at the seashore, a no flow boundary at remote inland side, and a confined aquifer extending under the sea and terminated with
an outlet-capping. This new solution has shown to be a generalisation of most existing analytical solutions for a tidal aquifer
system which includes single confined and leaky confined aquifers. In addition, the solution is used to explore the influences
of the dimensionless leakance of the outlet-capping, the dimensionless hydraulic diffusivities, and the leakages of the inland
and offshore aquitards on the head responses in the leaky confined aquifer. 相似文献
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水泥系隔离墙被广泛应用于工业污染场地修复工程,但其防渗性能有待改善,且在高浓度、毒理性重金属污染作用下的化学相容性有待研究。通过室内试验研究了不同粒化高炉矿渣（GGBS）掺量、膨润土掺量和固化剂总掺量对水泥系隔离墙的强度和渗透特性的影响;综合考虑成墙效果和成本,选出固化剂掺量为20%（水泥、粒化高炉矿渣和膨润土掺量分别为8%、8%和4%）作为改性水泥系竖向隔离墙的最优配比。通过柔性壁渗透试验研究了重金属锌、铅污染作用下改性水泥系隔离墙试样的化学相容性。结果表明,重金属溶液作用下试样防渗性能的下降由重金属种类、重金属浓度以及试样孔隙液pH值三者共同决定。重金属种类对防渗性能的不利影响为：硝酸锌-硝酸铅>硝酸锌>硝酸铅。锌、铅溶液作用下试样的渗透系数为自来水作用下渗透系数的1.49～10.10倍,且重金属溶液的浓度越高渗透系数越大。在满足防渗要求前提下,该配比墙体材料能阻挡50 mmol/L的硝酸锌污染液、100 mmol/L的硝酸铅污染液和10 mmol/L硝酸锌-硝酸铅污染液。 相似文献
14.
Stress and strain fields for overdamped slug tests in aquifer materials,and resulting conservation equation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Robert P. Chapuis 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(18):1908-1921
Two theories may be used to analyze overdamped variable‐head (slug) tests in aquifer materials. The first theory assumes that the solid matrix strain has a negligible influence. The second theory takes into account some elastic and immediate strain. Something is wrong with these theories because they yield different hydraulic conductivity values. This paper explains what is wrong after establishing the strain‐stress elastic equations for a slug test in 2 ideal conditions: plane strain and spherical symmetry. The equations show that the radial contraction (or elongation) and tangential elongation (or contraction) yield a null volumetric strain. As a result, the conservation is described by the Laplace equation, which is used by the first theory. This first theory is the only one to yield correct solutions. The diffusion equation, with storativity, which is used by the second theory, is physically ill founded for slug tests in aquifers. This new proof scientifically confirms previously raised doubts and experimental proofs that the second theory is ill founded. 相似文献
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Analytical solutions to 1-D horizontal and vertical water infiltration in saturated/unsaturated soils are developed that can consider the variation of rainfall with time. In this model, water content and the permeability coefficient are assumed to be exponential functions of the pressure head, and diffusivity is constant. By means of Fourier integral transformation, the analytical solutions are expressed as infinite series. The steady-state solutions for horizontal and vertical infiltration in unsaturated soils are then derived. The solutions can consider both flux and pressure head boundaries. The solutions are easy to implement compared with numerical solutions, although the restricted assumptions may limit their applicability in some ways. The analytical solutions provide a reliable tool for checking the accuracy of various numerical methods under the condition of constant diffusivity. Finally, the analysis carried out in a case study indicates that the pressure head differences caused by the transient infiltration in both the horizontal and vertical directions can be estimated using the steady-state solutions, and the effect of gravity on water infiltration mainly depends on the boundary conditions. 相似文献
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滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题, 因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件, 尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型, 得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数: 弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明, 淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子), 并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h, 对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时, 本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增, 随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减; 波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响. 相似文献
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渗流场水头分布计算是进行渗流量和渗流水力坡降计算的基础,准确、有效地求取渗流场水头分布是渗流计算的关键环节。对均质非饱和土体一维稳态流的流动方程进行分析,考虑到渗透系数是与基质吸力相关的函数,通过数学变换,给出了稳定渗流场的解析通式,并基于渗透性函数中的Gardner模型,给出了非饱和土一维稳态流水头垂直分布的解析解。该解析通式表明,均质非饱和土一维稳态流水头垂直分布主要受地表水头、深度和流动率3个因素控制。分别计算了一维稳态蒸发条件下粉土和黏土两种典型土类水头沿垂直方向的分布。计算结果表明：稳态蒸发条件下粉土层和黏土层内的水头分布表现出相似的变化规律,即自地表至地下水位处随着土层深度的增加,水头分布呈现出加速递减的趋势;在相同的蒸发条件下,对于相同深度处的黏土和粉土而言,黏土层内水头更高些;对同一种土类而言,在较大的蒸发状态下同一深度处土层内水头更高。反之,则较低。 相似文献
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A new artificial boundary approach for transient seepage problems in unbounded domain is presented. The artificial boundary condition at the truncated boundary is derived from the analytical solutions for transient seepage problems in one dimension, including solutions, respectively, for flow in one‐dimensional infinite space and for radial flow in an infinite layer, and then it is tentatively applied for some two dimensional problems in addition to the one‐dimensional problems mentioned above. The boundary conditions derived relate the time‐dependent boundary flux with the time derivative of the hydraulic head at the truncated boundary, which makes the implementation much easier compared with the infinite element method. The accuracy and efficiency of the artificial boundary are validated by several numerical examples, which shows that the proposed boundary can give very good results for one‐dimensional transient seepage problems, as expected, whereas reasonable results can be also obtained for two‐dimensional problems, such as two‐dimensional axisymmetric flow and flow in an infinite plane. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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针对截取侧向径流的抽水井,兰太权提出一个解释单位涌水量的公式,认为“单位涌水量就是导水系数”(q=T),并以砂箱试验的结果作为证据。然而,这个等式的推导过程缺少严谨的水动力学基础。砂箱试验的边界条件等价于含有1个或2个定水头边界的矩形承压含水层,单井抽水的稳定流场可以用镜像井点叠加法求解,从理论上表明单位涌水量与导水系数成正比,而比例系数取决于含水层的形状和抽水井的半径。在特定条件下,含水层和抽水井的尺寸可以造成单位涌水量与导水系数相等的情况,兰太权发表于文献中的2组砂箱试验恰好符合这种条件,但并不能证明q=T具有普适性。新的砂箱试验避免了几何尺寸的这种特殊组合,得到了显著偏离q=T的结果。 相似文献
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A Simple Approach to Account for Radial Flow and Boundary Conditions When Kriging Hydraulic Head Fields for Confined Aquifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The estimation and mapping of realistic hydraulic head fields, hence of flow paths, is a major goal of many hydrogeological studies. The most widely used method to obtain reliable head fields is the inverse approach. This approach relies on the numerical approximation of the flow equation and requires specifying boundary conditions and the transmissivity of each grid element. Boundary conditions are often unknown or poorly known, yet they impose a strong signature on the head fields obtained by inverse analysis. A simpler alternative to the inverse approach is the direct kriging of the head field using the measurements obtained at observation wells. The kriging must be modified to incorporate the available information. Use of the dual kriging formalism enables simultaneously estimating the head field, the aquifer mean transmissivity, and the regional hydraulic gradient from head data in steady or transient state conditions. In transient state conditions, an estimate of the storage coefficient can be obtained. We test the approach on simple analytical cases, on synthetic cases with solutions obtained numerically using a finite element flow simulator, and on a real aquifer. For homogeneous aquifers, infinite or bounded, the kriging estimate retrieves the exact solution of the head field, the exact hydrogeological parameters and the flow net. With heterogeneous aquifers, kriging accurately estimates the head field with prediction errors of the same magnitude as typical head measurement errors. The transmissivities are also accurately estimated by kriging. Moreover, if inversion is required, the kriged head along boundaries can be used as realistic boundary conditions for flow simulation. 相似文献