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《地震研究》2015,(4)
结合地震前兆信息量综合数学表达式和小波变换、EMD分解技术,遴选郯庐断裂带中南段及其附近地区67个台点91个测项的连续性、可靠性较高前兆观测资料,多频域剖析前兆观测资料的变化特征、多层次挖掘地震前兆观测异常、最大程度地展示前兆群体映震效能。结果显示,地震综合前兆信息量时序曲线,在ML≥5.0地震前会出现不同程度的高值异常(S时序≥0.1),一般高值异常出现1~6个月内,研究区有发生ML≥5.0地震的可能;地震前兆信息量综合空间扫描的结果显示,未来的震中区多位于最早出现S窗≥0.2异常区的边缘区域,但异常区域的迁移规律性特征不明显,这可能与资料分析时段研究区内发生地震的震级较小及前兆台点的空间分布不匀有一定的关系。 相似文献
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一个地震前兆观测异常所提供的地震信息一般由异常地点、异常变化量、异常持续时间以及异常完成后的延续有效时间等诸多因素所决定,因此提出了用于描述地震异常的前兆信息量S值。根据地震前兆异常信息量综合数学表达式为基础,充分结合平滑滤波、消周期及趋势项和从属函数等数据处理方法,对西北地区67个观测资料较为连续的前兆主要台项进行地震综合信息量S值的计算与提取。结果表明,S值综合信息量时序曲线在西北地区1986年5月至2005年3月间的10次MS≥5.0地震震前均出现不同程度的高值异常(S≥0.154)。 相似文献
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本文以地震前兆异常信息量综合数学表达式为基础,结合平滑滤波、消周期及趋势项和从属函数等数据处理方法,对1999年11月29日岫岩5.4级地震前的11个有异常显示的前兆台项和7个无异常显示的前兆台项进行地震综合信息量S值的计算与提取。结果表明,岫岩地震前有异常显示的前兆台项S值计算结果异常显示更清晰突出,个别震前无异常显示的台项S值计算结果也有不同程度的异常显示;综合时序曲线在岫岩地震前约19个月(1998年5月开始)出现高值异常(S值≥0.18),在岫岩地震前一年(1999年初)达到最高值;S值的空间扫描图像也在震中附近出现高值异常集中区,岫岩5.4级地震震前3个月的图像尤为明显。 相似文献
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文章采用多种地震学参数的地震对应相关谱(ECRS)方法,分析研究阿拉善左旗及邻区ML≥5.0地震多种地震学参数的地震对应相关谱时空演化特征。结果表明,目标地震前多参数滑动极值平均概率时序曲线会出现高值异常;震前约1年左右,空间图像出现高值异常,接近临震异常区域会扩大增强,震后1~2年异常区域逐渐弱化消失。研究结果可为此地区中强地震危险性的判定提供科学依据。 相似文献
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云南洱源2013年3月3日MS5.5和4月17日MS5.0地震前,滇西实验场(24°~28°N,98°~102°E)在地震活动性震兆、地震短临动态跟踪综合预测方案指标和地下流体前兆等方面,均存在中短临异常现象。地震活动性方面的异常有,云南自2008年以来M≥4.8地震成条带分布,且存在MS≥5.0地震背景性空区;滇西实验场小震平静异常;中甸窗口地震和程海断裂窗口地震中期震兆异常;洱源ML3.6前兆震群短临震兆异常。滇西实验场地震短临动态跟踪综合预测方案于2012年10月20日达到中期预测指标,且分别于2012年12月25日和2013年3月30日达到短临预测指标。在短期阶段,地下流体于2012年12月~2013年1月出现同测点不同测项的同步性异常和不同测点同测项的同步性异常现象。在长、中、短、临渐进式预报思路的指导下,综合分析以上异常,在时间上进行逐步逼近,于2013年2月对洱源2013年3月3日MS5.5和4月17日MS5.0双震作出了地震三要素的短临预测。 相似文献
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华北地区地震异常前兆信息场演化特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在对地震异常前兆信息量先前研究的基础上,进一步给出了描述各种地震异常前兆信息量的普适性综合数学表达式.从大量震例资料入手,再次研究了地震异常延续有效性的问题,进而建立了地震异常持续有效时间与延续有效时间的数学关系式.收集整理了1980～1997年华北地区水化、形变、地磁、应力、水位、地电等371个观测项目、上百万个前兆观测数据,对每一观测项目逐一计算了它们的地震异常前兆信息量.研究了华北地区近20年的地震异常前兆信息场的演化特征及其与地震的关系,建立了华北地区Ms≥5地震的中短期综合预报指标体系,经R值评分检验,表明该地震综合预报指标体系在中短期地震预测中具有一定效果. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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