共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Phien-wej, N. and Cording, E.J., 1991. Sheared shale response to deep TBM excavation. Eng. Geol., 30: 371–391.
Ravelling and squeezing of sheared shale of Stillwater Tunnel caused severe problems in tunneling with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) that led to termination of the contract. The tunnel was finally holed through with two TBM's specially designed for squeezing ground. Although the shale mass in all geological conditions exhibited time-dependent response, significant squeezing was confined to sheared shale with large amounts of clay gouge infill, wherein creep of the clay gouge was the prime mechanism controlling the ground response. However, when the tunnel face was advanced at a slow rate, the observed ground squeezing in the early period was largely induced by the effect of stress change from face advance, not the creep. Ground ravelling was very significant in sheared shale due to the high degree of fissuring and fracturing of this thinly bedded shale. Failure of the first TBM resulted mainly from the incompatibility of the shield design with the sheared shale. The shield was too long and stiff and had variable diameters. Extensive observation and instrumentation programs of the project provided valuable information on rapid mechanized tunneling in heavy ground. 相似文献
2.
Double shield TBMs are amongst the most technically sophisticated excavation machines in use by tunneling industry. However, using the shielded machine limits access to the walls for observation of ground conditions and presence of shield makes the machine susceptible to entrapment or seizure in weak rocks under high stresses which results in high convergence. To realistically evaluate the possibility of machine seizure in such grounds, the interaction between the rock mass and shields, lining and backfilling need to be understood. This study explains the application of numerical analysis for 3D simulation of mechanized tunneling by using a double shield TBM. For this purpose, a comprehensive numerical simulation is developed to systematically evaluate the potential of excessive ground convergence. Simulation results at five reference points on the tunnel circumference along the tunnel have been examined. The results are including longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) as well as contact force profiles (LFP) on both front and rear shields, frictional forces and required thrust to move the machine, stress history of ground, and estimated loading of the segments. The results also proved that numerical analyses can successfully be used for prediction of loads on the shield during excavation to assess risks of machine entrapment. 相似文献
3.
Mehmet Ozcelik 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3437-3449
Mechanized tunnelling is a well-established tunnel construction method which allows constructing tunnels in various conditions including mixed ground conditions as well as tunnels in vulnerable urban areas. The selection of the excavator suitable for the geological structure is important in terms of realizing an efficient tunnel excavation. Tunnel excavation studies of Istanbul Kabatas–Mecidiyeköy Metro tunnels are implemented as a double tube. Geology in this section is composed of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone interbedded or as separate units along with dyke intrusions. Calcareous clay, clayey limestone, clayey sand are also rarely observed. Between the Kabatas–Mecidiyekoy tunnels includes two types of mechanical excavation methods namely tunnel boring machine (TBM) and new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM). Main purpose of this study is mixed ground and their impacts on mechanized tunnelling. At the end, some issues have been presented which seems to be important for the success of TBM and NATM in the mixed grounds. As the tunnel excavation studies continued, the problem of collapse on the ground surface of Barbaros Boulevard in Besiktas station increased the importance of tunnel excavation under mixed ground conditions. 相似文献
4.
“引大济湟”调水总干渠输水隧洞埋深大,地应力较高,其中穿越的洞段Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩占有较大的比例,在高地应力作用下围岩开挖卸荷后极可能出现大变形失稳、垮塌等,这些都极大地影响着TBM的掘进效率及施工进度。根据洞室开挖过程中实际揭示的围岩地质条件及变形特征,采用三维黏弹塑性数值方法,对围岩的流变特性与时效变形进行研究;在对实测地应力场进行分析基础上,结合围岩现场变形规律,对围岩蠕变力学参数进行了反演,进而对隧洞开挖区域的软弱围岩进行黏弹塑性数值分析,获得了规律性认识,为动态调整设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
为研究挤压地层双护盾隧道掘进机（TBM）作用下围岩变形及应力场特征,采用FLAC3D建立了完整模型,并详细阐述了隧道掘进机（TBM）施工过程中的模拟方法,重点分析了隧洞纵横断面内围岩位移场、应力场、塑性区特征。模拟结果表明,两腰下部范围内的围岩与TBM护盾发生接触并产生挤压,拱顶并未接触;受刀盘与护盾连接处的尺寸高差和前后护盾的锥度影响导致仰拱围岩内出现3次加卸载,仰拱内部环向应力和径向应力均大于拱顶和两腰,而且其主应力方向与径向线斜交,受扰动剧烈,但仰拱下方70°范围内的围岩基本处于弹性状态;横向断面内围岩塑性区自上而下逐渐减小,且距掌子面越远塑性区范围越大,但后盾塑性区范围变化不大。 相似文献
6.
针对全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）开挖过程掌子面岩体软硬交替变化的特点,以兰州水源地建设工程为背景,采用模型试验与数值模拟方法研究了复合地层TBM开挖过程隧洞围岩的动态响应规律。通过开展相似配比试验配制了不同围岩强度比的复合地层岩体相似材料,运用光纤光栅技术全程捕捉了隧洞开挖过程复合地层应变演化规律,并分析了隧洞围岩的宏观破裂形态。模型试验结果表明：TBM推进过程中复合地层应变变化规律体现了掌子面推进的空间效应,软岩部分应变要大于硬岩部分应变,且随着开挖步数的增加两种岩层应变差值越大;隧洞内岩体完全挖除后,围岩宏观破裂形态表明因复合地层岩体物理力学性质的差异,上覆软岩变形破坏较为严重,破裂和变形较为显著,在软、硬岩层交界面出现“变形不协调”现象。选取工程沿线某洞段的地质力学参数,基于破坏接近度（FAI）指标评价了隧洞开挖过程中复合地层围岩的稳定性,数值结果表明：开挖过程软岩中FAI变化较为明显,塑性区和破坏区分布范围更广,而下部硬岩受开挖扰动影响较小,只有拱底小范围岩体进入破坏状态。模型试验和数值结果均说明交替变化的掌子面岩体在开挖过程中其围岩在变形破坏等规律方面存在明显差异,因此,TBM在复合地层施工可采取重点部位监测预警、提前采取相应措施等手段,减少或避免卡机事故的发生。该研究成果对于指导复合地层TBM施工具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。 相似文献
7.
TBM掘进技术发展及有关工程地质问题分析和对策 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
通过对大量文献资料和工程实例的研究,论述了TBM(隧道掘进机)近半个世纪发展及其在隧道建设中的应用现状和问题。对大量国内外工程实例分析后发现优先采用TBM掘进技术已成为未来隧道建设总的发展趋势。从岩石力学和工程地质角度对岩石TBM掘进过程中遇到的诸如软岩大变形、突水、岩爆等不良工程地质问题导致卡机或管片变形、破损等工程事故进行了剖析,并对采用的工程处理措施作了总结对比。随着今后TBM掘进技术在我国大规模应用,对复杂工程地质条件的客观全面认识和施工方案的及时调整成为影响施工安全和经济效益的关键因素。 相似文献
8.
深埋长隧道TBM施工关键问题探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对深埋长隧道开挖所面临的高水压、高地压、高地温、大变形、难支护等问题,分析总结传统钻爆法开挖与支护技术、全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）施工技术、TBM导洞扩挖技术应用中的优劣,TBM导洞扩挖法为深埋长隧道开挖提供了新的设计思路。由于深埋长隧道的建设环境与浅埋隧道建设环境存在显著差异,TBM施工将面临3个关键问题--岩爆问题、卡盾（大变形）问题和未准确探测前方地质而发生的施工事故（涌水、突泥等）。为揭示TBM施工过程中卡盾的存在性,分别针对某一特定地质条件下深埋软、硬岩TBM施工进行理论分析和数值模拟研究。结果表明,软岩地层TBM施工发生卡盾,而硬岩完整地层TBM施工未发生卡盾。 相似文献
9.
A 3D numerical model for mechanised excavations is presented, which is capable of simulating the overall process of excavation and construction of a tunnel when a TBM EPB (Tunnel Boring Machine–Earth Pressure Balance) is used.The main construction aspects of a mechanised excavation are modelled. Their influence on calculated ground displacements are investigated by means of a series of parametric analyses.With the aim of testing the performance of the proposed 3D numerical model, a series of 25 Class C predictions has been carried out. Case Histories related to the construction of the 1995–2003 Madrid Metro Extension Project were considered for this purpose.As a general rule, the results obtained with the Modified Cam–Clay model closely fit in situ measurements. When the Linear-Elastic or the Mohr–Coulomb models are used, it is not as easy to summarise the results obtained, as higher fluctuations are observed around in situ measured data. A good agreement is also shown when the distribution of horizontal displacements along depth is considered.For some sections, the mechanised excavation model is not capable of reproducing the high values of the surface settlements measured in situ. A closer look at the results shows that mixed face conditions are found for these cases, with the TBM excavating through layered soil formations having sharply different mechanical behaviour. 相似文献
10.
Mechanical response of surrounding rock of tunnels constructed with the TBM and drill-blasting method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There are two kinds of excavation methods in underground engineering: the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the drill-blasting method. A large number of studies have shown that the deformation and failure, the degree of disturbance, the stability and the reinforcement measures of surrounding rock using the TBM and drill-blasting method vary from each other. To accurately master these macroscopic damages, it is necessary to focus on the investigation of the micro-mechanical responses of the surrounding rock. Scanning electron microscopy tests, acoustic emission tests and tunnel acoustic detection tests were carried out to analyze the mechanical response of surrounding rock of tunnels, which were excavated in marble by, respectively, the TBM and the drill-blasting method. The tests results showed that most of the rock fractures cut by TBM is wipe along the crystal, and the failure mechanism is mainly cutting, while most of the rock fractures induced by the TBM coincide with crystal planes, its mechanism is mainly tensile. The stress–strain curves of rocks cut by the TBM method are rather flat around the peak strength, which means a strong resistance to deformation around the peak load. The response of AE for the rock cut by the TBM method appears after larger strains than the response of the rock constructed by the drill-blasting method. This suggests that the resistance to damage is higher under TBM excavation conditions. The relaxation depths of the tunnel excavated by the drill-blasting method are larger than the tunnel excavated by the TBM method. The research can provide more insight into tunnel failure mechanisms and provide a framework for reinforcement measures. 相似文献
11.
Two headrace tunnels and the drainage tunnel were excavated by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in Jinping II Hydropower Station. During TBM excavation, two types of slabbing failure were encountered in these deep buried marble tunnels. One is rock bursting and the other is non-violent slabbing. In order to study the rock burst and slabbing failure, a unique true triaxial rock burst test was carried out to simulate the rock burst process with different in situ stresses. Four rock samples in different marble layers were obtained in the site, and then four experiments are conducted under the same stressed conditions as the in situ field. The rock burst process and slabbing failure phenomena of the four experiments are in good accordance with the observations of corresponding excavation site. The failure modes of slabbing and rock burst in different rock groups can be predicted based on the experiments. The influence of the slabbing and rock burst failure on TBM excavation is analyzed in depth. Non-violent slabbing is beneficial to the rock breakage process. Rock burst with violent slabbing process greatly affects the tunnel support, cutter and cutterhead damage, gripper movement and force and so on. 相似文献
12.
TBM滚刀破岩过程影响因素数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）的破岩效率主要受刀盘设计和岩体特征的影响。采用颗粒流方法建立了岩石试件与滚刀的数值模型,对TBM滚刀破岩过程的影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,单刃滚刀交替作用下强度较低的岩石中易形成规则的张拉裂纹而生成较大岩碴;强度较高的岩石中滚刀的侧向挤压促使形成块度较小的片状岩碴;双刃滚刀作用下岩石表面受到强烈挤压后出现较大的拉应力,使岩石更易破碎,且仅在强度较高的岩石中才易形成透镜状岩碴。滚刀破岩过程中存在能耗最小的最佳间距,该最佳间距随着岩石强度的增大而减小。滚刀破岩过程中,结构面对裂纹扩展具有显著的控制性作用,并阻隔损伤向结构面下的岩石中渗透;随着结构面与滚刀侵入方向夹角的减小,结构面将引导裂纹向岩石深部扩展,而当夹角较大时,结构面则会引导裂纹横向扩展,易导致大块岩碴的形成 相似文献
13.
深埋隧洞极强岩爆段隧道掘进机半导洞掘进岩爆风险研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
深埋隧洞TBM（隧道掘进机）全断面掘进时,在局部超高应力集中的完整硬脆性岩体洞段将直面极强岩爆的风险,设备和人员的安全将遭受极大的威胁。在锦屏II水电站3#引水隧洞极强岩爆段实施了“先半导洞+TBM联合掘进”实验,结合微震实时监测信息对TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险开展了研究。监测结果表明,（1）TBM半导洞掘进期间,日平均微震事件数、日平均辐射微震能、微震大事件数及实际岩爆发生次数和强度均远远低于TBM全断面掘进;（2）能量指数对数值和累积视体积的时域演化表明,TBM半导洞掘进强烈岩爆发生的风险远低于TBM全断面掘进,现场实际开挖也证明了这一点;（3）半导洞洞段微震事件的空间集结程度、总数、震级大小与能量辐射均远小于全断面洞段。因此,TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险远远低于TBM全断面掘进,在具有施工条件的情况下采用先半导洞预处理,然后TBM半断面掘进极强岩爆段,以期控制岩爆风险的方案是可行的。 相似文献
14.
G. Exadaktylos M. Stavropoulou G. Xiroudakis M. de Broissia H. Schwarz 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):797-834
Summary Basic principles of the theory of rock cutting with rolling disc cutters are used to appropriately reduce tunnel boring machine
(TBM) logged data and compute the specific energy (SE) of rock cutting as a function of geometry of the cutterhead and operational
parameters. A computational code written in Fortran 77 is used to perform Kriging predictions in a regular or irregular grid in 1D, 2D or 3D space based on sampled data referring to rock mass classification
indices or TBM related parameters. This code is used here for three purposes, namely: (1) to filter raw data in order to establish
a good correlation between SE and rock mass rating (RMR) (or tunnelling quality index Q) along the chainage of the tunnel,
(2) to make prediction of RMR, Q or SE along the chainage of the tunnel from boreholes at the exploration phase and design
stage of the tunnel, and (3) to make predictions of SE and RMR or Q ahead of the tunnel’s face during excavation of the tunnel
based on SE estimations during excavation. The above tools are the basic constituents of an algorithm to continuously update
the geotechnical model of the rock mass based on logged TBM data. Several cases were considered to illustrate the proposed
methodology, namely: (a) data from a system of twin tunnels in Hong Kong, (b) data from three tunnels excavated in Northern
Italy, and (c) data from the section Singuerlin-Esglesias of the Metro L9 tunnel in Barcelona.
Correspondence: G. Exadaktylos, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece 相似文献
15.
A Top Pilot Tunnel Preconditioning Method for the Prevention of Extremely Intense Rockbursts in Deep Tunnels Excavated by TBMs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chuanqing Zhang Xiating Feng Hui Zhou Shili Qiu Wenping Wu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(3):289-309
The headrace tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station cross the Jinping Mountain with a maximum overburden depth of 2,525 m,
where 80% of the strata along the tunnels consist of marble. A number of extremely intense rockbursts occurred during the
excavation of the auxiliary tunnels and the drainage tunnel. In particular, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was destroyed by
an extremely intense rockburst in a 7.2-m-diameter drainage tunnel. Two of the four subsequent 12.4-m-diameter headrace tunnels
will be excavated with larger size TBMs, where a high risk of extremely intense rockbursts exists. Herein, a top pilot tunnel
preconditioning method is proposed to minimize this risk, in which a drilling and blasting method is first recommended for
the top pilot tunnel excavation and support, and then the TBM excavation of the main tunnel is conducted. In order to evaluate
the mechanical effectiveness of this method, numerical simulation analyses using the failure approaching index, energy release
rate, and excess shear stress indices are carried out. Its construction feasibility is discussed as well. Moreover, a microseismic
monitoring technique is used in the experimental tunnel section for the real-time monitoring of the microseismic activities
of the rock mass in TBM excavation and for assessing the effect of the top pilot tunnel excavation in reducing the risk of
rockbursts. This method is applied to two tunnel sections prone to extremely intense rockbursts and leads to a reduction in
the risk of rockbursts in TBM excavation. 相似文献
16.
全断面隧道掘进机(简称TBM)在穿越深部软弱地层时围岩收敛变形较大,围岩容易挤压护盾,导致TBM卡机,影响TBM正常掘进。通过分析TBM卡机灾害孕育过程,得到了预测TBM卡机的重要条件：一是围岩变形量大于预留的空间,二是额定推力不能克服摩擦阻力。为了监测实际工程TBM卡机状态,提出了一种监测护盾变形的方案以及护盾受力的计算方法,可通过监测得到的变形估算护盾的受力,进而计算出护盾受到的摩擦阻力,得到TBM卡机的状态。根据TBM受到的摩擦阻力、TBM正常掘进时所需推力和TBM额定推力之间的关系,将TBM卡机状态分为4个等级,即无卡机、轻微卡机、卡机和严重卡机,并提出了对应的处理措施。结合TBM卡机条件以及护盾受力监测方案,提出了TBM卡机灾害预警流程。在兰州水源地输水隧洞工程中应用了该监测方案和卡机灾害预警流程,应用结果表明,预测的卡机状态与TBM实际状态基本一致,说明该方法具有一定的可靠性,对指导TBM隧道施工具有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
隧道掘进机（TBM）近年来在世界范围内得到了广泛应用,通常通过完全充满压力仓的泥土或泥浆来支护开挖面。但在较差的地层和水力条件下,开挖面失稳时有发生。事实上,TBM开挖面的支护压力的大小直接决定了施工安全及地表变形。基于所建立的开挖面支护压力计算模型,并考虑复合地层下土体分层带来的影响,通过计算机编程方法,建立了界面友好、使用便捷的开挖面支护压力可视化计算平台(TBM Studio);并结合阿拉斯加隧道、钱江隧道工程实例进行了不同模型结果的验证分析,给出了各模型计算结果的差异性;讨论了软土复合地层条件下,土体自稳性对开挖面稳定的影响,认为软土地层中定量确定有效支护压力和水头高度至关重要,研究为正确评价TBM开挖面稳定性提供了相应的计算模型。 相似文献
18.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Rock Breaking with TBM Tools under High Stress Confinement 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
N. Innaurato C. Oggeri P. P. Oreste R. Vinai 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(5):429-451
Summary The understanding of rock breaking and chipping due to the TBM cutter disks mechanism in deep tunnels is considered in this
paper. The interest stems from the use of TBMs for the excavation of long Trans-Alpine tunnels. Some tests that simulate the
disk cutter action at the tunnel face by means of an indenter, acting on a rock specimen are proposed. The rock specimen is
confined through a flat-jack and a confinement-free area on one side of the specimen simulates the formation of a groove near
the indenter, like it occurs in TBM excavation conditions. Results show a limited influence of the confinement stress versus
the thrust increment required for breaking the rock between the indenter and the free side of the specimen. Numerical modelling
of the cutter disk action on confined material has also been carried out in order to investigate further aspects of the fracture
initiation. Also in this case the importance of the relative position between disk cutter and groove is pointed out. 相似文献
19.
Ebrahim Farrokh Jamal Rostami Chris Laughton 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(4):431-445
Estimation of advance rate and utilization of tunnel boring machines (TBM) are some of the important steps in planning a TBM
tunneling project. Estimation of the utilization factor depends on realistic analysis of downtime components. Among the different
parameters influencing TBM downtime, tunnel support is the most influential factor, which can take up to 50% of the total
excavation time in some cases. Although, there are some rock mass classification systems specifically developed to link ground
conditions with the type and amount of support installed in TBM tunneling, the related downtime for support installation has
not been studied in detail. Unit supporting time (UST) is the time required for the installation of ground support per unit
length of tunnel. Support installation time (SIT) is the time required for installation of a single ground support element.
In this paper, approximate ranges of UST and SIT are discussed and analyzed on the basis of recorded ground SIT from a number
of TBM tunneling projects. The primary goal of this paper is to link UST with rock mass classifications that have been specifically
developed to assess ground support requirements for different tunnel sections using open-type TBM. An accurate estimate of
UST and SIT allows for realistic determination of the related downtime and TBM utilization rate. 相似文献
20.
全断面硬岩隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）对岩体条件极其敏感,且其前期投入较大,准确地评估岩体可掘性、预测TBM掘进性能对TBM隧道施工至关重要。基于来自中国、伊朗两国涵盖3种不同岩性的5条TBM施工引水隧洞约300组现场数据,以现场贯入度指数FPI为岩体可掘性评价指标,分析了岩石单轴抗压强度UCS、岩体完整性指数 、岩体主要结构面与洞轴线的夹角?、隧洞直径D等与岩体可掘性之间的关系;探讨了适用于岩体可掘性研究的岩体参数统一方法,进一步建立了精度较高的（相关系数为0.768）岩体可掘性经验预测方法。基于该预测方法,运用K中心聚类分析方法,将岩体可掘性分为6类,探讨了不同岩体可掘性条件下TBM平均单刀推力、刀盘转速分布规律,相应成果可为实际工程中TBM施工隧洞岩体可掘性评估、掘进参数的选择、施工进度的安排提供一定的指导。 相似文献