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1.
K. Kelts U. Briegel K. Ghilardi K. Hsu 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1986,48(1):104-115
Various methods are available for coring in lakes. We have developed an integrated coring system based on a modified Kullenberg poston-corer principle which is particularly useful for multiple coring in deep lakes. The selection of sites is guided by concurrent high-resolution (3.5 kHz) continuous seismic profiling. The system is modular for simple transport, and includes a very reliable tripweight gravity corer which uses the same plastic liners as the piston corer. Piston-core lengths are variable in 2, 4, or 5 m sections up to 16 m. This system has been successfully deployed in glacially deepened perialpine lakes (Lakes Zürich, Zug, Greifensee, Lucerne, Walensee, Constance, Murten, Neuchâtel, Geneva, Thun, Brienz, Maggiore, Lugano, Iseo, Garda, d'Annecy, Bourget and Ammersee), deep rift lakes of Africa (Turkana, Albert, Edward, Kiwu), Lake Ohrid (Jugoslavia), Lake Van (Turkey), Qinghai Lake (China), and in very shallow hypersaline lakes Urmia (Iran) and Great Salt Lake (USA). Following numerous requests, this paper describes the system concept and constructional features that have been refined over the last 12 years. Development has stressed increasing simplification and increased reliability. 相似文献
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城市湖泊富营养化问题日趋严峻,以往对水华的研究多集中于大型自然淡水湖库,而对小型城市浅水湖泊的水华动态相对较少.以宁波月湖为研究对象,探讨水华暴发期间浮游植物变化特征及与影响因子之间的关系,以期判别影响城市湖泊水华的主控因子.月湖水华期间营养盐水平处于中富营养至极端富营养之间,此次共检出浮游植物8门61属,藻种组成以绿藻门（51.79%）和硅藻门（21.43%）为主,各点位浮游植物生长主要受水温、光照驱动,经历了隐藻门→硅藻门→绿藻门→蓝藻门的演替.水华种为雷氏衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）,总藻密度最高达到1.55×108 cells/L,水华暴发后各点位衣藻属比例升高（最高达到81.10%）,群落结构呈现单一化特征.通过Pearson相关性分析和RDA分析发现衣藻属生长与水温、pH、总磷浓度均呈显著正相关,春季气温回升、天气持续晴好,城市浅水湖泊高营养盐负荷、水体流动性差等特点为带鞭毛的衣藻属提供了适宜的生存条件,在环境条件均适宜的情况下拥有最大生长潜力的衣藻属在营养盐、光照等竞争中生长速率明显优于其他藻种,从而发生绿藻水华. 相似文献
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崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其与环境因子的相互作用,以2010年各季节崇明岛河网水质数据为基础,探讨了环境因子与藻类的变化规律及其相互作用机制.结果表明:崇明岛河网水环境中营养盐水平较高,氮污染尤为严重.长江引水进入岛内河网水环境后,营养盐(除SiO3-Si)、Chl.a含量和营养状态都出现了明显的升高.与长江引水相比,河网内藻类群落Chl.a贡献比例的变化主要表现为硅藻比例的下降以及蓝藻和绿藻比例的上升.尽管水温、pH、浊度以及营养盐中的TN、TP、NO3--N、DOC的变化均与Chl.a含量显著相关,但藻类群落对环境因子的响应关系存在较大差异.蓝藻的增加主要与水温和TP含量的升高有关;绿藻与TN、NO3--N的关系最为密切;硅藻的变化只与浊度存在明显正相关,营养盐并不是硅藻生长的促进因子. 相似文献
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太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年) 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
比较了太湖、巢湖、滇池（"三湖"）1981-2010年间的气象要素,1987-2015年间的水质要素,2000-2013年间的年内水华起始日期与持续时间,以及与水华相关的已有研究情况.其中,气象要素包括气温、日温差、风速、风向、气压、降水、相对湿度等;水质要素包括水温、总氮浓度、总磷浓度、水体综合营养指数等.对比结果表明,云贵高原湖泊滇池因其冬、春季节气温较高且日温差较大等气象特征,以及总磷浓度较高等水质特征,相比于东部平原湖泊太湖、巢湖而言更易发生水华,且在"三湖"中水华年内起始日期最早,持续时间最长.然而,目前有关滇池水华的研究相对于"三湖"中的太湖却远远不足.鉴于滇池所处湖区的独特气象、水质特征,平原水华湖泊的研究结果难以有针对性地指导其水华控制,亟需提高滇池水华研究的系统性与深度.只有因地制宜,方有希望逐步有效控制、减轻、乃至消除滇池水华. 相似文献
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To show the relative availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and silica for diatoms as well as non-siliceous algae in phytoplankton communities triangular diagrams are most appropriate. Triangular diagrams for TN-TP-SRSi show the nutrient ratios TN:TP, SRSi:TN and SRSi:TP in proportion to each other at the same time.Comparison of waters, grouped according to their limnological characteristics, indicate that these groups have also different seasonal dynamics of TN, TP and SRSi in proportion to each other. From these groups, which include meso-eutrophic and hypertrophic, shallow and deep, polymictic and dimictic lakes,only the group of "flushed, hypertrophic polymictic lakes" has a high seasonal dynamic of the ratios of all three macronutrients. Moreover the relative availability of TN:TP-ratios changes from > 16:1 in spring to <16:1 in summer. Significant changes in phytoplankton structure are associated with this high dynamic of the nutrient ratios. Considerable changes in the share of cyanobacteria to diatom biomass during summer are synchronised with a powerful modification of the relative availability of TN-TP-SRSi as illustrated by the triangular diagrams.For practical purposes trophic situations are most commonly evaluated from concentrations of a single nutrient or a nutrient ratio, such as N:P. However, a complex assessment would often be more appropriate. In this context triangular diagrams have the benefit of synoptically presenting relative nutrient availability for phytoplankton communities as a whole. 相似文献
6.
2019年春、秋两季,对江西省76个湖泊的底栖动物进行了调查,在分析其群落结构和多样性的基础上,探讨了多样性与环境因子间的关系,旨在确定影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的重要环境因子,以期为江西省湖泊的精准化管理提供科学依据和技术支持。两次调查共检出140个分类单元,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,摇蚊类物种数占水生昆虫物种数的53.62%。富营养指示种(长足摇蚊属一种和摇蚊属一种)为春、秋两季的优势分类单元,湖沼典型种(长足摇蚊属一种、摇蚊属一种、石田螺属一种、苏氏尾鳃蚓和霍甫水丝蚓)的丰度变化导致了群落结构的季节变化。大型底栖无脊椎动物α多样性水平较低,基于PLSR和PLS-SEM的分析结果表明,影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性指标的环境因子既与藻类种群动态密切相关,也与水质状态有关。大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性与藻类种群状态存在稳定的联系,不受季节因素的影响,过高的藻类丰度不利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高,而较好的水质状况有利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高。为保护江西省湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物资源,应在具有渔业养殖功能的湖泊和城镇湖泊中进行水生植物的修复工作,使藻型湖泊向草型湖泊方向演化;对一... 相似文献
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水生高等植物-浮游植物关系和湖泊营养状态 总被引：29，自引：5，他引：24
本文根据中国一些湖泊的资料,从湖泊营养化角度分析了水生高等植物的生物量,分布和优势种以及浮游植物,透明度和湖泊营养状态的关系,表明高等植物和浮游藻类这两种初级生产者的生产在浅水湖泊中呈负相关,并反映在水质指标和湖泊营养状态下,同是,简要讨论了光限制,营养供给和生化抑制作用在浮游植物与水生高等植物关系中的作用。 相似文献
9.
湖泊氮素生物地球化学循环及微生物的作用 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
氮素是影响湖泊富营养化的关键元素之一,对湖泊中氮素生物地球化学循环整个过程进行全面的了解,有利于对湖泊富营养化进行控制和治理.本文综述了湖泊生态系统(特别是富营养化湖泊)中氮素的输入、输出及其在沉积物-水界面的迁移转化规律,着重分析和比较了藻型湖泊和草型湖泊的不同食物链中的氮素营养循环过程,重点讨论了微生物参与的硝化作用、反硝化作用、生物固氮和厌氧氨氧化等过程的最新研究进展,并对氮循环相关的研究方法和技术进行了小结.最后指出当前国内外研究中亟待解决的问题,并对湖泊氮循环今后的研究方向提出了建议. 相似文献
10.
B. V. Adamovich T. V. Zhukova T. M. Mikheeva R. Z. Kovalevskaya E. V. Luk’yanova 《Water Resources》2016,43(5):809-817
Variations of the trophic status of lakes Batorino, Myastro, and Naroch were analyzed over a long period of 1978–2013. The lakes form a system of interconnected water bodies with a wide range of trophic states. In the period under consideration, the trophic conditions in the lakes varied from highly eutrophic (Lake Batorino) to oligotrophic (Lake Naroch), making it possible to analyze the long-term changes in the trophic state of the lakes with the use of different variants of evaluating the Carlson index (trophic state index, TSI), to assess the relationship between the three versions of the index with one another, with phytoplankton biomass, and with hydroecological characteristics, such as the concentrations of total N, seston, and organic matter and biochemical oxygen demand. The possibility to evaluate the index by other characteristics, including phytoplankton biomass, was also considered. 相似文献
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Xie Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):14-27
Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton. 相似文献
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Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
XIE Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)
Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton. 相似文献
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Jianhua Wang Yuyan Zhou Weihua Xiao Yaohuan Huang Yanjie Bi Liting Wang Zefan Yang 《Water Resources》2016,43(4):690-698
The spatial and temporal variations of algae within a large drinking water reservoir with mesotrophy (Panjiakou Reservoir, Northern China) were investigated in relation to variations in environmental factors over a 6-month period (May to October) in 2013 and 2014. The analysis based on in-situ samples upstream to downstream (Puhekou, Jiajia’an, Yanziyu Panjiakou and Baqian) showed that three harmful algae species of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta prevail in the reservoir. The variations in algal concentrations presented a seasonal cycle with high values in the flood season and low values in the drought season and a spatial concentration in main water storage area of the reservoir. Compared with the environmental factors of pH value, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, water temperature, dissolved oxygen content and total phosphorus were significant related to algae concentrations with correlation coefficients of 0.76, 0.62 and 0.85, respectively. The impact analysis of three factors on prevailing algae species indicated that Chlorophyta was the main contributor to the algal photosynthesis of the Panjiakou Reservoir. An extremely high value of algal concentrations with little variety in August 2013 revealed that pollution carried by tremendous runoff may induce algae blooms later. 相似文献
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太湖梅梁湾与五里湖浮游植物群落的比较 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
富营养化和风浪是影响大型浅水湖泊浮游植物群落的重要因素,本文于2003年10月至2004年9月对太湖梅梁湾和五里湖理化环境因子(水温、透明度值、悬浮质浓度和氮、磷营养盐浓度)和浮游植物群落进行了逐月监测,通过对两个湖区理化因子和浮游植物群落结构在周年内季节变化的比较研究,探讨富营养化程度以及风浪对浮游植物群落结构的影响,结果为:(1)梅梁湾由于受风浪影响悬浮物含量较高,五里湖则富营养化水平更高.(2)周年内五里湖浮游植物平均生物量(6.85 mg/L)高于梅梁湾的平均生物量(4.99 mg/L),两个湖区都呈现夏秋高峰、冬季低谷的变化特征.梅梁湾浮游植物群落季节演替的模式基本为:冬季硅藻(小环藻属Cyclotella spp.)和隐藻(隐藻属Cryptomonas spp.)-春季绿藻(细丝藻属Planctonema sp.)-夏季绿藻(绿球藻目Chlorococcales种类)和蓝藻(微囊藻属Microcystis spp.和浮游蓝丝藻属Planktothrix spp.)-初秋蓝藻(微囊藻属)和硅藻(浮游直链硅藻Aulacoseira spp.)-秋季隐藻(隐藻属).五里湖的季节演替模式没有梅梁湾明显,全年隐藻(隐藻属)都占优势,在此基础上,秋冬季硅藻(小环藻属和浮游直链硅藻属)占优势,裸藻(裸藻属Euglena spp.)在冬春季占优势,绿藻(绿球藻目种类和团藻目衣藻属Chlamydomonas spp.)在整个春季和初夏的优势地位在夏季被蓝藻(微囊藻属和浮游蓝丝藻属)所取代.群落构成的差异是浮游植物对两个湖区不同风浪条件和富营养化水平的响应结果.(3)通过与PEG(Plankton Ecology Group)模式的比较,梅梁湾和五里湖浮游植物群落的季节演替主要受水温、光照、营养盐(氮、磷)浓度和浮游动物牧食等因子的影响,因此,大型富营养化浅水湖泊浮游植物群落演替规律需要进一步的研究. 相似文献
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阳宗海砷污染背景下浮游植物的时空分布特征及其驱动因子解析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
人类活动导致的重金属污染是湖泊水体面临的主要环境压力之一.云南高原湖泊阳宗海于2008年暴发了砷污染事件且水体砷浓度目前仍然超过生活饮用水卫生标准,严重影响了水安全和生态系统健康.本研究于2015年4月-2016年2月每两月对阳宗海南、中、北部湖区进行采样调查及分析,共鉴定出浮游植物7门44属68种,绿藻门种数最多.蓝藻门占绝对优势,其中伪鱼腥藻（Pseudoanabaena sp.）、浮丝藻（Planktothrix sp.）、束丝藻（Aphanizomenon sp.）为全年的优势种,这与已有调查显示的阳宗海砷污染后浮游植物群落中蓝藻占优的基本特征一致.方差分析结果表明浮游植物生物量在时间尺度上呈现显著的变化特征,最大值出现在8月（14.06 mg/L）,最小值出现在12月（1.23 mg/L）,而空间差异不显著.Pearson相关分析显示,浮游植物总生物量与水温、pH呈显著正相关.而与砷、透明度、锰、钠、钾和总磷浓度呈显著负相关,冗余分析结果表明,水温、砷、钙、锰、钾共同解释了阳宗海浮游植物群落结构变化的57.18%.方差分解的结果进一步表明,水温、钙离子和砷三者作用共同解释了浮游植物群落结构变化的32.05%,其中水温和钙离子分别独立解释了群落变化的12.45%和8.28%,水体砷浓度仅独立解释了2.33%,但与水温共同作用解释了9.46%.因此,我们推测水温的季节性波动导致了湖泊水体热力分层的明显变化,其中水体混合作用的增强可能会促进底泥释放过程并增加表层水体的砷浓度,进而影响了浮游植物群落的季节性变化.研究结果有利于评价重金属污染对湖泊的长期生态效应,并为砷污染湖泊的环境修复提供重要的科学依据. 相似文献
17.
水生生态系统蓝藻固氮作用研究进展与展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
固氮蓝藻在水生生态系统中占优势是由多种因素所引起的,如营养盐浓度及形态、氮磷比、水温和微量元素等.一般认为,湖泊中正磷酸盐浓度≥0.01 mg/L、溶解性无机氮浓度≤0.1 mg/L时,固氮蓝藻出现,并且低的氮磷比是表征水体中固氮蓝藻出现的重要指标,但引起固氮与非固氮蓝藻分异的驱动机制还需要深入研究.此外,光照、无机氮浓度与形态、异形胞丰度和溶解性有机物对蓝藻固氮速率有重要影响,进而决定蓝藻氮释放通量及对水体中氮库的贡献作用.固氮蓝藻是贫营养盐海域和海洋生态系统中氮库的重要贡献者,但在富营养化湖泊中,其贡献作用还存在争议.因此就目前国内外对固氮蓝藻相关研究做综述,以期待业界同行能够对蓝藻固氮作用及其氮释放对水生生态系统中氮循环的贡献引起重视. 相似文献
18.
武山湖是紧邻长江的通江型富营养化湖泊,是国家级湿地公园.为切实了解该湖在以鲢、鳙养殖为主的情况下浮游植物结构特征,于2017年9月-2018年8月对其浮游植物群落结构特征及水质开展了监测.监测结果表明武山湖水质全年处于轻度富营养到重度富营养水平之间;12次共采集浮游植物7门100种（属）,浮游植物优势种共有23种,其中蓝藻门有9种,绿藻门有8种,硅藻门和隐藻门各有3种.夏季和秋季蓝藻门优势种最多且优势度高,冬季和春季绿藻门和硅藻门优势种多且优势度高.武山湖浮游植物每月优势度最大的种类主要有蓝藻门微囊藻和细小平裂藻、绿藻门小球藻以及硅藻门小环藻.浮游植物生物量峰值出现在6月,达34.77 mg/L;丰度峰值出现在7月,达341.46×106 cells/L.冗余分析（RDA）和线性相关分析均表明浮游植物丰度和生物量与总磷、温度和pH均呈显著正相关,且蓝藻门生物量和丰度以及优势属与总磷和温度均呈显著正相关.研究结果表明武山湖浮游植物丰度和生物量在夏季均很高,发生蓝藻水华的风险较大.相对于氮,磷是更重要的限制浮游植物生长的营养元素. 相似文献
19.
Most existing studies on the algal communities of acid lakes are based on environments that have been caused by anthropogenic disturbances. Such lakes have a different origin compared to the natural acidic lakes and could be expected to differ also in the mechanisms controlling phytoplankton and trophic status. Planktonic community in Lake Caviahue is somewhat diverse in spite of the low pH of the water. Algae have a distinctive vertical distribution: the values of phytoplankton biomass remain constant throughout the water column and at times were highest in the upper end of the hypolimnion, forming a maximum or a layer of chlorophyll a at depth. The goal of this work was to investigate the factors influencing the seasonal and vertical distribution of phytoplankton. The lake was sampled between the years 2004 and 2006. Physical, chemical and biological parameters at different depths throughout the water column were determined. The interrelationships between environmental variables at different sampling dates were analyzed using an integration of multivariate matrices, multiple factor analysis, to analyze any joint partnerships in the samples. We found that phytoplankton biomass is dominated by Keratococcus rhaphidioides. With regard to zooplankton, we found a single species of rotifers (Philodina sp.). The two arms of the lake and the depths have different behaviours showing differences in the arms' conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH. The more superficial layers were characterized by high values of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved oxygen and pH. The deeper layers showed high values of chlorophyll a, ammonium and phosphorus (dissolved and particulate). From the multivariate analysis the relationships of the each algal species with pH, as a possible indicator of the degree of “acidophilia”, could be extracted. 相似文献
20.
淀山湖、小兴凯湖和洱海分别处在不同的营养阶段,夏季都存在蓝藻水华现象,有效控制蓝藻水华应控氮还是控磷一直存在争议.本研究采用营养物加富生物测试的试验方法,研究和比较三个湖泊限制性营养元素(N和P)夏季对浮游藻类生长的刺激作用,并采用多因素方差分析和两两比较方法(LSD)检验试验结果的显著性.结果表明:淀山湖(TN/TP=10左右)、洱海(TN/TP=29左右)、小兴凯湖(TN/TP=9左右)在夏季分别表现出显著的氮响应、氮磷双重响应、氮响应;较低氮磷比的营养程度较高的湖泊(淀山湖和小兴凯湖)夏季应控制氮含量,若添加氮更容易引发蓝藻(微囊藻)水华,而高氮磷比的初期富营养化湖泊(洱海)夏季应同时控制氮磷含量,同时添加氮磷的交互作用容易引发蓝藻(微囊藻)水华. 相似文献