共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 33 毫秒
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基于 Markov 理论的加权非等距GM（1，1）预测优化模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
背景值的构造方法是影响加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型的精度和适应性的关键因素。文中通过等分函数法构造新的背景值对传统的加权非等距GM(1,1)模型进行优化,优化后的模型使其同时适应于高增长指数序列和低增长指数序列,提高传统模型的预测精度和适应性能力。但是优化后的模型依然易受建模数据随机扰动影响。马尔科夫(Markov)模型具有削弱建模数据的随机扰动性的优势。基于此,将优化的加权非等距GM(1,1)模型和Markov理论有机结合,构建优化的加权非等距Markov-GM(1,1)预测模型。最后,结合秀山湖二期工程的变形实测数据,运用新陈代谢的计算模式进行预测验证。结果表明:优化的加权非等距Markov-GM(1,1)预测模型的拟合和预测精度都优于传统的加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型,新的预测模型的适用性更强,具有实际的参考价值。 相似文献
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综合运用非线性回归和时间序列分析研究边坡变形 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
边坡变形的复杂性决定了运用非线性回归模型很难准确解决边坡变形规律。本文将讨论综合运用非线性回归模型和时间序列分析的方法进行变形预报。即运用非线性模型和其他模型的有机结合和综合运用正确分析和解决边坡变形规律,同时利用时间序列分析方法解决边坡周期性变形规律,并通过某实测边坡上一系列监测点监测资料的分析和研究,证明该方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Understanding the Combined Impacts of Aggregation and Spatial Non‐Stationarity: The Case of Migration‐Environment Associations in Rural South Africa 
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下载免费PDF全文 Socio‐demographic data are typically collected at various levels of aggregation, leading to the modifiable areal unit problem. Spatial non‐stationarity of statistical associations between variables further influences the demographic analyses. This study investigates the implications of these two phenomena within the context of migration‐environment associations. Global and local statistical models are fit across increasing levels of aggregation using household level survey data from rural South Africa. We raise the issue of operational scale sensitivity, which describes how the explanatory power of certain variables depends on the aggregation level. We find that as units of analysis (households) are aggregated, some variables become non‐significant in the global models, while others are less sensitive to aggregation. Local model results show that aggregation reduces spatial variation in migration‐related local associations but also affects variables differently. Spatial non‐stationarity appears to be the driving force behind this phenomenon as the results from the global model mask this relationship. Operational scale sensitivity appears related to the underlying spatial autocorrelation of the non‐aggregated variables but also to the way a variable is constructed. Understanding operational scale sensitivity can help to refine the process of selecting variables related to the scale of analysis and better understand the effects of spatial non‐stationarity on statistical relationships. 相似文献
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Sanjeev P. Deshpande K. V. Radhakrishnan U. Gopalakrishna Bhat 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(4):547-554
The technique of predicting Potential Fishing Zone using satellite derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll is becoming
an important aspect for the fishermen. In the present study an attempt has been made to compare fish density/catch per unit
effort in the areas predicted by Satellite imagery and available to fishermen via electronic display boards at the fish landing
centers of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka with those of non predicted areas. Direct and Indirect validation was done.
Direct method means comparing the catch using fishing vessels simultaneously in the notified region with that of catch from
non notified region. And in indirect method by comparing catch data from landing centers on notified days with that of non
notified days. Direct validation off Karwar showed that catch was significantly higher in notified (PFZ) area with high densities
as compared to non notified (non PFZ) regions. When comparisons of landing center data of Karwar, Tadadi and Bhatkal are done
it is evident that in all the centers during the period under study, higher catches were observed on notified days than non
notified days except in Bhatkal centre in 2009–10. There by validating the accuracy of PFZ predictions and economic gains
to fishermen. 相似文献
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应用长江口区域GPS成果实现免验潮水深测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上海海事局海测大队在1998年已在沿黄浦江和长江口附近布设了GPS控制网，并计算了该地区的(似)大地水准面差距，最近已完成的GPS扩展网覆盖了整个长江口和杭州湾。这些GPS控制网为进行免验潮水深测量奠定了很好的基础。探讨了综合应用这些GPS控制成果进行免验潮水深测量需要考虑的GPS高程与吴淞零点高程的转换、GPS差分基准点的加密，以及采用GPS实时相位差分(RTK)技术实现免验潮水深测量，以提高海事应急测绘的反应能力。 相似文献
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汉江中下游农业面源污染动态监测信息系统的建立与初步应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
根据汉江中下游农业面源污染治理决策的需求,应用遥感与GIS一体化的方法,研究设计了汉江中下游农业面源污染动态监测信息系统的结构、功能及数据库的组成,并建立了可运行的汉江中下游农业面源污染动态监测信息系统,在系统支持下可有效地实现汉江中下游农业面源污染动态监测、最佳管理措施的选择以及区域农业面源污染综合治理规划.系统可以为地方政府相关部门决策提供依据,对有效的保护汉江流域水资源环境,控制汉江流域水污染有着重要意义. 相似文献
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各向异性组合滤波法反演陆地水储量变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
地球时变重力场模型反演陆地水储量变化已为全球气候变化研究作出巨大贡献,考虑到时变重力场模型球谐系数中存在相关性,其高阶次项具有较大的误差,需采用最优的滤波方法进行空间平滑。本文提出一种新的各向异性组合滤波方法,其基本思想是将改进的高斯滤波法与均方根(root mean square,RMS)滤波法组合,即对球谐系数的低阶次采用改进的高斯滤波法,而高阶次采用RMS滤波法。首先分析了最新的GRACE RL05系列时变重力场模型系数误差特性,基于全球水储量变化反演结果,分析比较了高斯滤波、改进的高斯滤波、RMS滤波和DDK滤波与本文提出的组合滤波法的有效性及精度,并利用模型结果进行了验证,计算结果表明,组合滤波法的中误差最小。研究结果表明,本文提出的组合法相比于先前的滤波方法,可有效地过滤高阶次的噪声,消除南北条带误差,同时减少信号泄漏,提高信噪比,保留更多有效的地球物理信号,进而提高反演精度。 相似文献
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Spatial analysis and spatial information systems have great potential in many non‐geographic domains. This paper presents an example of the utility of spatial analysis in a non‐geographic domain. A technique of pupillometry using digital infrared video loosely coupled with a Spatial Information System and a spreadsheet is developed to accurately quantify pupil dilation magnitude and constriction onset latency for participants of different cognitive ability and under different cognitive loads. Spatio‐temporal pupil dynamics of participants are recorded using digital infrared video. The pupil to iris area ratio is calculated for over 470,000 temporally sequenced de‐interlaced video fields by automatic feature extraction using a combination of threshold analysis, spatial smoothing and areal filtering. Pupil dilation magnitudes and constriction onset latencies are calculated through post‐processing in a spreadsheet. The study identifies inadequacies in current spatial analytical techniques for automatic feature extraction not necessarily evident in geographic applications. Issues impeding the employment of spatial analysis in non‐geographic domains including the lack of a generic spatial referencing system are identified and discussed. 相似文献
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Geostatistical characterization of local DEM error is usually based on the assumption of a stationary variogram model which requires the mean and variance to be finite and constant in the area under investigation. However, in practice this assumption is appropriate only in a restricted spatial location, where the local experimental variograms vary slowly. Therefore, an adaptive method is developed in this article to model non‐stationary variograms, for which the estimator and the indicator for characterization of spatial variation are a Voronoi map and the standard deviation of mean values displayed in the Voronoi map, respectively. For the adaptive method, the global domain is divided into different meshes with various sizes according to the variability of local variograms. The adaptive method of non‐stationary variogram modeling is applied to simulating error surfaces of a LiDAR derived DEM located in Sichuan province, China. Results indicate that the locally adaptive variogram model is more accurate than the global one for capturing the characterization of spatial variation in DEM errors. The adaptive model can be considered as an alternative approach to modeling non‐stationary variograms for DEM error surface simulation. 相似文献
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球冠谐分析中非整阶Legendre函数的性质及其计算 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
局部重力场的谱方法是当前重力学的研究方向,该方法的核心问题是如何构造合适的谱函数以及如何对谱函数实施快速、有效的计算。当所研究的区域近似一个球冠时,迂冠谐函数是该区域对应的谱函数,它由非整阶勒让德（Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ）函数和三角函数组成,显然非整阶勒让德函数的构造和计算是研究球冠谐函数的关键。本文研究了非高小阶勒让德函数的性质和实用计算方法,包括如何对非整阶勒让德函数实施规格化处理。 相似文献
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本文所采用的基于输入－输出系统论的谱方法在计算结果的精度上与最小二乘配置方法相当,却很容易用于异性场的计算。用该谱方法对卫星测高及海洋重力资料进行组合求解重力场量（大地水准面差距和重力异常）,其误差估计结果表明各向异性场的计算精度优于各向同性场的精度。 相似文献
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A Spatial Anomaly Points and Regions Detection Method Using Multi‐Constrained Graphs and Local Density 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Spatial anomalies may be single points or small regions whose non‐spatial attribute values are significantly inconsistent with those of their spatial neighborhoods. In this article, a S patial A nomaly P oints and R egions D etection method using multi‐constrained graphs and local density ( SAPRD for short) is proposed. The SAPRD algorithm first models spatial proximity relationships between spatial entities by constructing a Delaunay triangulation, the edges of which provide certain statistical characteristics. By considering the difference in non‐spatial attributes of adjacent spatial entities, two levels of non‐spatial attribute distance constraints are imposed to improve the proximity graph. This produces a series of sub‐graphs, and those with very few entities are identified as candidate spatial anomalies. Moreover, the spatial anomaly degree of each entity is calculated based on the local density. A spatial interpolation surface of the spatial anomaly degree is generated using the inverse distance weight, and this is utilized to reveal potential spatial anomalies and reflect their whole areal distribution. Experiments on both simulated and real‐life spatial databases demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the SAPRD algorithm. 相似文献
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With the rapid growth and popularity of mobile devices and location‐aware technologies, online social networks such as Twitter have become an important data source for scientists to conduct geo‐social network research. Non‐personal accounts, spam users and junk tweets, however, pose severe problems to the extraction of meaningful information and the validation of any research findings on tweets or twitter users. Therefore, the detection of such users is a critical and fundamental step for twitter‐related geographic research. In this study, we develop a methodological framework to: (1) extract user characteristics based on geographic, graph‐based and content‐based features of tweets; (2) construct a training dataset by manually inspecting and labeling a large sample of twitter users; and (3) derive reliable rules and knowledge for detecting non‐personal users with supervised classification methods. The extracted geographic characteristics of a user include maximum speed, mean speed, the number of different counties that the user has been to, and others. Content‐based characteristics for a user include the number of tweets per month, the percentage of tweets with URLs or Hashtags, and the percentage of tweets with emotions, detected with sentiment analysis. The extracted rules are theoretically interesting and practically useful. Specifically, the results show that geographic features, such as the average speed and frequency of county changes, can serve as important indicators of non‐personal users. For non‐spatial characteristics, the percentage of tweets with a high human factor index, the percentage of tweets with URLs, and the percentage of tweets with mentioned/replied users are the top three features in detecting non‐personal users. 相似文献
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Edzer J Pebesma 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):615-632
Although many geostatistical studies only study a measured attribute in relation to its spatial coordinates, this paper argues that other layers in the GIS database can be of additional use for spatial prediction purposes. They may enter the prediction equations as predictors in a regression model, or as correlated measurements. In an example we will show how this is done for predicting PCB138, a sediment pollution variable, over the North Sea floor. Issues of exploratory data analysis, required sample size, sample configuration, local versus global neighbourhoods, non‐stationarity, non‐linear transformations, change of support and conditional simulation will be discussed in the light of this example. 相似文献
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Within an increasingly competitive job market, academic internships have become an important source of work experience for students with career interests involving geographic information systems (GIS) and related geospatial technologies. However, while GIS internships offer benefits to employers and students, their structure and objectives may be viewed differently across stakeholder groups such as private industry, government, and academia. In this article we evaluate how GIS internships are valued and perceived by employers, educators, and the interns themselves using quantitative and qualitative measures collected though web‐based surveys and semi‐structured telephone interviews. Data analysis helped us determine the relative importance of technical and non‐technical skills needed by students in preparation for GIS internships. Our findings reveal relatively few differences in scores assigned to technical and non‐technical skills when comparing employer and educator ratings. Educator ratings were higher for nearly all technical and non‐technical skills. In comparison, employers placed greater emphasis on technical skills involving data entry/manipulation and non‐technical skills such as flexibility/adaptability. The survey also revealed differences in employer and educator perceptions of internship goals and administration. Telephone surveys with former interns supplemented information from employer and educator surveys in developing “best practices” that may be useful in the design and administration of GIS internships. 相似文献