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1.
贵州高原复杂地形下太阳总辐射精细空间分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海拔、坡度、坡向以及周围地形遮蔽作用,造成山区各部位接受到的太阳辐射能有很大差异. 在前人研究的基础上,对以前的模型进行了一些改进,考虑了坡度、坡向和地形相互遮蔽作用对复杂地形下天文辐射的影响,基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据,研制了以复杂地形下天文辐射为起始数据的复杂地形下太阳总辐射的分布式模型,在模型中还考虑了散射辐射的各向异性及坡地反射辐射对复杂地形下太阳总辐射的影响.应用100 m×100 m分辨率的DEM数据及气象站常规观测气象资料,计算了贵州高原复杂地形下100 m×100 m分辨率的复杂地形下太阳总辐射.结果表明:(1) 局地地形因子如坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽等对太阳总辐射影响显著,地形对复杂地形下太阳总辐射的影响是不容忽视的.(2)在缺乏复杂地形下坡面考察资料的情况下,建立以常规气象站观测资料为主的物理经验统计模型是实现细网格辐射资源计算的可行途径.  相似文献   

2.
基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据和气象站观测资料建立了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射分布式计算模型,模型充分考虑了地形因子(坡向、坡度、地形相互遮蔽)对起伏地形下太阳直接辐射空间分布的影响;以1km×1km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了起伏地形下黄河流域1km×1km分辨率太阳直接辐射的空间分布;深入分析了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射受地理、地形因子影响的变化规律.结果表明受地形起伏和坡向、坡度等局地地形因子的影响,山区年太阳直接辐射量的空间差异比较明显,向阳山坡(偏南坡)的年直接辐射量明显高于背阴山坡(偏北坡).  相似文献   

3.
起伏地形下黄河流域太阳直接辐射分布式模拟   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据和气象站观测资料建立了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射分布式计算模型,模型充分考虑了地形因子(坡向、坡度、地形相互遮蔽)对起伏地形下太阳直接辐射空间分布的影响;以1km×1km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了起伏地形下黄河流域1km×1km分辨率太阳直接辐射的空间分布;深入分析了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射受地理、地形因子影响的变化规律。结果表明:受地形起伏和坡向、坡度等局地地形因子的影响,山区年太阳直接辐射量的空间差异比较明显,向阳山坡(偏南坡)的年直接辐射量明显高于背阴山坡(偏北坡)  相似文献   

4.
天文辐射是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估及其他相关研究领域重要的起始参量,由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响,使实际起伏地形下获得的天文辐射与水平面上获得的天文辐射有一定差异。确定实际起伏地形下天文辐射是比较困难的。应用数字高程模型(DEM)数据和地理信息系统(G IS),建立起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了起伏地形下贵州高原100 m×100 m分辨率天文辐射精细空间分布,分析了局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射的影响。结果表明:(1)贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征。(2)贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射年总量平均为481.7~13 041.8 M J/m2,1月、7月天文辐射分别为0.0~1 244.7 M J/m2、0.0~1 264.8 M J/m2。(3)局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射空间分布的影响随季节和纬度变化,虽然坡度、坡向和地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响,在太阳高度角较低的1月比太阳高度角较高的7月相对较大,但因为7月水平面获得的天文辐射的强度相对较大,7月局地地形对天文辐射的影响依然显著。因此,贵州高原起伏地形对天文辐射的影响是不容忽视的。  相似文献   

5.
李军  黄敬峰  游松财 《地理科学》2012,(11):1384-1390
以浙江省仙居县为实验样区,通过气温空间分布的地形调节统计模型,使用10个气象站(哨)气温资料和4种不同空间分辨率的DEM(5 m,源于1∶1万数字化地形图;30 m,来源于Aster GDEM v2;90 m,来源于SRTMv4.1;900 m,源于GTOPO30’)模拟不同空间尺度年均气温空间分布,比较其误差大小及随宏观地形(海拔高度)和微观地形(坡度和坡向)的分布差异。结果表明:基于4种不同空间分辨率DEM模拟气温呈较大空间分布差异性;随着DEM空间分辨率减小,误差逐渐增加,空间差异性降低。微观地形因子(坡度和坡向)随空间分辨率的变化产生显著变化,明显影响气温空间分布,不同坡度和坡向间年均气温差最高可达到10~12.5℃,最小仅为1.9~2.6℃。  相似文献   

6.
为建立高时空分辨率的福建省复杂地形下气温栅格数据集,利用福建省及其周边33个常规气象站观测资料,基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据,综合考虑海拔、太阳总辐射、地表长波有效辐射对旬平均气温的影响,模拟了福建省复杂地形下旬均温的空间分布。结果表明:1)常规站验证结果显示:各旬气温绝对误差平均值(MAE)最小为0.46℃,最大为2.3℃,全年平均为0.87℃;加密站验证结果显示,MAE最大为2.3℃,最小0.5℃,全年平均为0.96℃。2)模拟结果能反映旬均温的宏观分布规律与局地细节特征。宏观范围内,旬均温受纬度影响较大,由北至南气温逐渐升高,沿海地区旬均温整体高于内陆,山区旬均温明显较低;局地范围内,各坡向上气温差异显著,海拔越高、坡度越大,差异越明显;地形因子对旬平均温的影响具有季节差异,具体表现为冬季时地形因子对旬均温的影响最大,秋季次之,春夏季节中地形因子对旬均温的影响最弱。  相似文献   

7.
复杂地形下长江流域太阳总辐射的分布式模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用长江流域气象站1960-2005年的观测资料(包括常规气象站点资料和辐射站点资料)、NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据(反演地表反照率),以1km×1km的数字高程模型(DEM)反映地形状况的主要数据,通过基于DEM数据的起伏地形下天文辐射模型和地形开阔度模型,分别建立了长江流域太阳直接辐射、散射辐射和地形反射辐射分布式模型,实现了长江流域太阳总辐射模拟,并对总辐射模拟结果进行了时空分布规律分析和对其受季节、纬度、地形因子(高度、坡度和坡向等)影响的局部规律分析,以及模拟结果的误差分析和站点验证分析。结果显示:太阳总辐射在季节上受影响的程度依次是春季>冬季>夏季>秋季;随着高度、坡度、纬度的增加,太阳总辐射受坡向影响的程度呈增强趋势,从坡向上看,向阳山坡(偏南坡)对太阳总辐射量明显高于背阴坡(偏北坡)。模拟的平均绝对误差为13.04177MJm-2,相对误差平均值3.655%,用站点验证方法显示:模拟绝对误差为22.667MJm-2,相对误差为4.867%。  相似文献   

8.
太阳短波辐射是地表辐射收支平衡的重要参量,水汽、气溶胶等大气环境与坡度、坡向等地形效应导致其空间分布变异特性。该文利用复杂地形区太阳短波辐射遥感估算模型已有成果,采用ArcGIS和GeoDa空间分析及地统计建模方法,分析了黑河流域上游大野口子流域太阳短波辐射的空间变异特性与规律。研究表明,各分量中,太阳短波直接辐射空间变异系数最大,各向同性散射辐射空间变异系数最小。在研究区任意选择2 115个点进一步分析发现,MODIS过境时刻太阳直接辐射空间变异性规律受地形起伏度、坡度和坡向影响,各向异性散射辐射分量表现特征与太阳短波直接辐射类似,而各向同性散射辐射地形效应不明显。Moran′s I分析表明,太阳短波辐射各分量具有显著的空间正相关关系,南坡自相关性最强,西坡次之,北坡空间自相关性较弱,而东坡空间自相关性最弱。Moran散点图表明,地形起伏度对散射辐射,尤其是对各向同性散射辐射空间分布影响较大,而对周围地形反射辐射影响较小。  相似文献   

9.
以浙江省仙居县为实验区,通过气温空间分布的地形调节统计模型,并使用了10个气象站(哨)的气温资料和不同空间分辨率的DEM(均来源于1:1万的数字化地形图),模拟了不同空间尺度的年平均气温空间分布,比较了它们的误差大小以及随宏观地形(海拔)和微观地形(坡度和坡向)的分布差异.结果表明:基于不同空间分辨率DEM模拟的平均气温呈现较大的空间分布差异性;随着DEM空间分辨率的减小,误差逐渐增加(最大绝对误差为2.04℃,相对误差为15.10%),且空间差异性降低.而且微观地形因子(坡度和坡向)随着空间分辨率的变化产生显著变化,进而明显影响气温的空间分布,不同坡度之间的年平均气温差最大为9.5℃,最小为1.8℃.不同坡向之间的年平均气温差最大为12.2℃,最小为2.4℃.  相似文献   

10.
基于太白山内2013—2014年气象站点实测数据和DEM分析太白山南北坡不同时间尺度的气温直减率,并利用辐射传输方程法针对Landsat 8影像数据反演地表温度场,通过窗口差分法推导太白山气温直减率场及其特征。研究表明:1实测法计算太白山年均气温直减率北坡为0.515℃/(100 m),南坡为0.505℃/(100 m);10月直减率北坡为0.505℃/(100 m),南坡为0.480℃/(100 m);春、夏季气温直减率较大,北坡大于南坡,而冬季较小,北坡小于南坡。2采用辐射传输方程法针对Landsat 8 TIRS 10反演地表温度具有较高置信度,获取10月北坡气温直减率为0.611℃/(100 m),南坡为0.502℃/(100 m)。3气温直减率在山脊和山谷附近表现出高直减率条带;海拔对太白山气温直减率的影响高于坡向,高、中、低海拔区气温直减率分别为0.913℃/(100 m)、0.471℃/(100m)、0.755℃/(100 m);坡向对气温直减率分布的影响表现为随阳坡至阴坡而逐渐变大,依次为0.515℃/(100m)、0.541℃/(100 m)、0.617℃/(100 m)。  相似文献   

11.
Global solar radiation(GSR) is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model(DEM) data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors(e.g. slope, aspect, etc.). Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.  相似文献   

12.
Global solar radiation(GSR) is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model(DEM) data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors(e.g. slope, aspect, etc.). Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.  相似文献   

13.
中国太阳总辐射的气候学计算法研究(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Angstrom-Prescott公式的气候学计算法是应用较广的太阳辐射模拟方法,其系数一般通过线性回归确定。近年来,许多研究显示该系数存在明显的空间变异性,常见的解决方法是将研究区划分子区域逐个拟合。本研究采用1961-2010时段日照时数与太阳辐射站点资料,以天文辐射为起始值,基于地理加权回归得到全国尺度连续变化的Angstrom-Prescott系数。通过高精度曲面建模方法(HASM)构建的日照时数资料和天文辐射曲面,得到国家尺度太阳辐射曲面。空间非平稳和误差比较检验等结果表明,系数存在显著的空间非平稳性;与已有研究相比,本研究的模拟方法效果较好。  相似文献   

14.
SHI Jun  TANG Xu  CUI Linli 《地理学报》2008,18(3):283-294
Based on the daily maximum temperature data covering the period 1961–2005, temporal and spatial characteristics and their changing in mean annual and monthly high temperature days (HTDs) and the mean daily maximum temperature (MDMT) during annual and monthly HTDs in East China were studied. The results show that the mean annual HTDs were 15.1 and the MDMT during annual HTDs was 36.3℃ in the past 45 years. Both the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs were negative anomaly in the1980s and positive anomaly in the other periods of time, oscillating with a cycle of about 12–15 years. The mean annual HTDs were more in the southern part, but less in the northern part of East China. The MDMT during annual HTDs was higher in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces in the central and western parts of East China. The high temperature process (HTP) was more in the southwestern part, but less in northeastern part of East China. Both the HTDs and the numbers of HTP were at most in July, and the MDMT during monthly HTDs was also the highest in July. In the first 5 years of the 21st century, the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs increased at most of the stations, both the mean monthly HTDs and the MDMT during monthly HTDs were positive anomalies from April to October, the number of each type of HTP generally was at most and the MDMT in each type of HTP was also the highest.  相似文献   

15.
地表太阳辐射是地球表层主要能量来源,对地表能量平衡、能量交换以及生态水文过程等具有决定性意义。山区地形复杂,其地表太阳辐射时空差异较大且较难估算。采用适用于山区的地表太阳辐射模型对西北昆仑山提孜那甫河流域地表太阳辐射时空分布进行了估算,分析了该流域季节太阳辐射空间分布规律并探讨了地形和云2个重要因素对太阳辐射空间分布的影响。结果表明:(1) 地形因子中周围地形阻挡即地形开阔度(Sky view factor,SVF)与年总太阳辐射的关系最为显著,太阳辐射随SVF增加而增加。(2) 年总太阳辐射随着高程增加首先减少,再而随之增加。探究SVF随高程的变化,发现其与太阳辐射随高程的变化趋势较为一致,因此在山区复杂地形下地表太阳辐射估算中仅利用高程对其校正存在明显不足,需综合考虑地形效应。(3) 研究计算了季节云出现频率空间分布与太阳辐射空间分布的相关系数,结果表明夏季太阳辐射受云影响较其他季节显著。定量分析了地形因子以及云对地表太阳辐射空间分布影响的贡献率,周围地形阻挡SVF对地表太阳辐射空间分布的影响最大,高程和云次之。因此综合考虑地形和云对太阳辐射的影响在山区太阳辐射模拟中是非常必要的,研究可为山区地表太阳辐射模拟提供理论依据,并为山区生态水文过程研究提供方法支撑。  相似文献   

16.
塔克拉玛干沙漠不同下垫面太阳总辐射比较   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
本文运用统计学方法,分析并比较了塔克拉玛干沙漠绿洲-沙漠过渡带(肖塘、哈德)与沙漠腹地(塔中)总辐射的气候学特征。结果表明:沙漠腹地(塔中)总辐射年总量高于绿洲-沙漠过渡带(肖塘、哈德),塔中、肖塘和哈德年总量分别为6 515.0 MJ·m-2、5 666.4 MJ·m-2和5 774.5 MJ·m-2。春、夏、秋、冬四季变化幅度,塔中高于肖塘和哈德,肖塘与哈德相近;3个观测点均为夏季最大、冬季最小、春季高于秋季。塔中月总量最大值出现时间(6月)早于肖塘和哈德(7月),最小值均在12月;塔中月总量最大值比肖塘和哈德分别高99.4 MJ·m-2和81.9 MJ·m-2。平均日变化表现为早晚小、正午12:00最大。沙尘暴天气下总辐射被明显削弱,日变化波动大。肖塘、哈德和塔中沙尘暴日的峰值分别减少40.3%、56.2%和53.0%;日总量分别减少41.6%、57.8%和61.2%。沙尘暴日的后续天气仍受到沙尘的明显影响,只有当整个沙尘天气过程结束其日变化曲线才恢复。沙尘天气日,小时平均值>500 W·m-2的总辐射明显被削弱,主要向低值区集中,分布在高值区的概率减少。总辐射与太阳高度角的变化一致,相同太阳高度角下晴天总辐射高于沙尘天。  相似文献   

17.
Based on the daily maximum temperature data covering the period 1961-2005, temporal and spatial characteristics and their changing in mean annual and monthly high temperature days (HTDs) and the mean daily maximum temperature (MDMT) during annual and monthly HTDs in East China were studied. The results show that the mean annual HTDs were 15.1 and the MDMT during annual HTDs was 36.3℃ in the past 45 years. Both the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs were negative anomaly in the1980s and positive anomaly in the other periods of time, oscillating with a cycle of about 12-15 years. The mean annual HTDs were more in the southern part, but less in the northern part of East China. The MDMT during annual HTDs was higher in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces in the central and western parts of East China. The high temperature process (HTP) was more in the southwestern part, but less in northeastern part of East China. Both the HTDs and the numbers of HTP were at most in July, and the MDMT during monthly HTDs was also the highest in July. In the first 5 years of the 21st century, the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs increased at most of the stations, both the mean monthly HTDs and the MDMT during monthly HTDs were positive anomalies from April to October, the number of each type of HTP generally was at most and the MDMT in each type of HTP was also the highest.  相似文献   

18.
中国三种太阳辐射起始数据分布式模拟   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
施国萍  邱新法  曾燕 《地理科学》2013,33(4):385-392
天文辐射、干洁大气总辐射和湿洁大气总辐射是太阳辐射模拟的3种重要起始数据。依托Iqbal Model C和起伏地形下干/湿洁大气总辐射模型,实现了水平面和起伏地形下干/湿洁大气总辐射分布式模拟。以DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,结合常规气象资料,计算了水平面和起伏地形下中国1 km×1 km分辨率日天文辐射量、干洁大气总辐射量、湿洁大气总辐射量的空间分布,并对3种太阳辐射起始数据的时空分布特征做了对比分析。结果表明:3种辐射量均遵循随纬向变化的宏观分布规律;水平面干/湿洁大气总辐射量的分布体现了海拔的影响,水平面湿洁大气总辐射量的分布还体现了水汽分布的影响;起伏地形下的3种辐射量能很好的体现坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局部地形特征对辐射量的影响;以干/湿洁大气总辐射作为起始数据,将有助于提高太阳总辐射的模拟精度。  相似文献   

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