共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
S. R. Sabbagh Yazdi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,2(4):309-317
In this paper, simulation of oil spill due to tidal currents in Persian Gulf is performed by coupled solution of the hydrodynamics equations and an equation for convection and diffusion of the oil. The hydrodynamic equations utilized in this work consist of depth average equations of continuity and motion in two dimensional horizontal planes. The effect of evaporation is considered in the continuity equation and the effects of bed slope and friction, as well as the Coriolis effects are considered in two equations of motion. The overlapping cell vertex finite volume method is applied for solving the governing equations on triangular unstructured meshes. Using unstructured meshes provides great flexibility for modeling the flow in arbitrary and complex geometries, such as Persian Gulf flow domain. The results of the hydrodynamic model for tidal currents in Persian Gulf domain is examined by imposing tidal fluctuations to the main flow boundary during a limited period of time. Finally, the developed model is used to simulate an accidental oil spill from a point in Persian Gulf. 相似文献
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数值模拟是研究撞击坑形成过程的一种主要方法,尤其是认识撞击坑形成机制的重要手段。撞击坑形成过程数值模拟的基本原理是用离散方法描述物质在高速撞击作用下的运动及状态,在模拟中首先将物质与空间划分成离散的网格,在每一次迭代计算中逐步求解各个网格的形变、运动与状态改变的规律。牛顿运动定律、物质的连续体模型与热力学方程是撞击坑形成过程数值模拟的理论基础,牛顿运动定律以偏微分方程的形式贯穿在离散化的网格空间中,物质的连续体模型将物质的屈服强度与破裂、温度、孔隙、振动等联系起来,而热力学方程则通过其他热力学参数计算网格单元内物质的压强与物质所处的状态。 相似文献
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ELIEZER GAVISH 《Sedimentology》1974,21(3):397-414
Most efforts in the study of sea-marginal sabkhas have concentrated on the Persian Gulf, but little is known about the sediments and mineralogy of sabkhas marginal to other seas. The purpose of this paper was to present some geochemical and mineralogical observations in a recent sabkha on the coast of Sinai along the Gulf of Suez. The sabkha is composed of coarse clastic sediments with marine-derived groundwater at depth of about 1 m. The general morphology, climate and water salinity of the Gulf of Suez resemble those of the Persian Gulf, despite the fact that the content of authigenic evaporites in this sabkha is more sparse. The evaporite minerals accumulated only in the upper 30–40 cm of the sabkha, below that and down to the groundwater table, there is no accumulation of evaporites. Laterally, the salinity of the groundwater in the sabkha and the concentration of evaporites in the sediments above it increase constantly with distance from the shore. In contrast to the Persian Gulf where anhydrite is a major evaporite mineral, in Belayim gypsum is the only calcium sulphate mineral in the recent sabkha. Anhydrite is found only in an old elevated sabkha where it recrystallized from gypsum. The gypsum occurs as interstitial crystal concentrations or lithified horizons almost exclusively at the depth of 20–40 cm below the sabkha surface. Above that, in the uppermost horizons, there is in situ accumulation of interstitial halite crystals. The total concentrations of gypsum and halite are almost equal in this sabkha. The sea water recharge in El Belayim is almost exclusively by seepage through the sabkha sediments and not by flooding. The groundwater under this sabkha is only slightly more saline than the Gulf water, thus, not heavy enough for extensive downward refluxing. The major hydrodynamic process must be upward migration of the brines from the groundwater, precipitating on the way gypsum and later halite with some magnesite. Since the sediments of the sabkha are too coarse to support extensive capillary movement, the brines must, therefore, migrate upwards due to ‘evaporative pumping’. 相似文献
4.
New mimetic discretizations of diffusion-type equations (for instance, equations modeling single phase Darcy flow in porous media) on unstructured polygonal meshes are derived. The first order convergence rate for the fluid velocity and the second-order convergence rate for the pressure on polygonal, locally refined and non-matching meshes are demonstrated with numerical experiments.
The work was partly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory operated by the University of California for the US Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. The research of the first author was supported by a grant from the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute (LACSI). 相似文献
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A continuous/discontinuous Galerkin framework for modeling coupled subsurface and surface water flow
Clint Dawson 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(4):451-472
We consider conjunctive surface-subsurface flow modeling, where surface water flow is described by the shallow water equations
and ground water flow by Richards’ equation for the vadose zone. Coupling between the models is based on the continuity of
flux and water pressure. Numerical approximation of the coupled model using the framework of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods
is formulated. In the subsurface, the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method is used to approximate ground water velocity
and hydraulic head; a DG method is also used to approximate surface water velocity and elevation. This approach allows for
a weak coupling of the models and the use of different approximating spaces and/or meshes within each regime. A simplified
LDG method based on continuous approximations to water head is also described. Numerical results that investigate physical
and numerical aspects of surface–subsurface flow modeling are presented.
This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0411413. 相似文献
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The literature review on discrete element (DEM) model analysis of jigging reveals that an idealized fluid behavior is assumed and the damping of the fluid motion across the mineral bed is generally ignored. A microscopic model based on the principles of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the liquid flow and stratification of coal particles with a wide size range and density distribution in jigging. Fluid motion is calculated by directly solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Coal particles are moved in a Lagrangian frame through the action of forces imposed by the fluid and gravity. Particle effects on fluid motion are fed back at each time step through calculating the velocity disturbance caused by the particle. Particle–particle and particle–wall collisions are also considered. The snapshots of particle configurations for the simulation of stratification in oscillating flow show that the model predicts the macroscopic behavior, such as segregation and stratification, of particles reasonably well. 相似文献
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建立了土质陡坡降雨侵蚀的数学模型,模型包括陡坡细沟间坡面流控制方程、变沟宽陡坡细沟流控制方程、陡坡细沟间坡面侵蚀泥沙连续方程及陡坡变沟宽细沟侵蚀泥沙连续方程。通过紊流冲击分布概率确定土壤剥蚀方程,确定了泥沙源/汇项的表达形式及细沟高程与宽度的表达式。通过有限元和有限差分相结合的方法求解该数学模型,利用有限单元法对数学模型的水动力方程、运动方程及泥沙连续方程进行空间上的离散,利用有限差分法解决时间域的问题,得出了顺序求解的数值计算公式及模型数值求解的具体方法和步骤。 相似文献
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建立了基于无结构三角网格下采用有限体积法求解的二维水动力学模型,用于模拟溃坝洪水在复杂边界及实际地形上的流动过程。该模型采用Roe格式的近似Riemann解计算界面水流通量,结合空间方向的TVD-MUSCL格式及时间方向的预测-校正格式,可使模型在时空方向具有二阶计算精度。模型中引入最小水深概念,提出了有效的干湿界面处理方法。模拟了理想条件下溃坝水流过程,研究不同最小水深取值对干河床上洪水演进的影响,并用两组简单溃坝水流的水槽试验资料对模型进行验证。采用该模型模拟了实际溃坝洪水的流动过程,所得计算结果与实测资料及已有模型计算结果较为符合。 相似文献
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In response to legislative directives beginning in 1975, the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) jointly established and currently maintain a data collection and analytical study program focused on determining the effects of and needs for freshwater inflows into the state's 10 bay and estuary systems. Study elements include hydrographic surveys, hydrodynamic modeling of circulation and salinity patterns, sediment analyses, nutrient analyses, fisheries analyses, freshwater inflow optimization modeling, and verification of needs. For determining the needs, statistical regression models are developed among freshwater inflows, salinities, and coastal fisheries. Results from the models and analyses are placed into the Texas Estuarine Mathematical Programming (TxEMP) model, along with information on salinity viability limits, nutrient budgets, fishery biomass ratios, and inflow bounds. The numerical relationships are solved within the constraints and limits, and optimized to meet state management objectives for maintenance of biological productivity and overall ecological health. Solution curves from the TxEMP model are verified by TWDB’s hydrodynamic simulation of estuarine circulation and salinity structure, which is evaluated against TPWD’s analysis of species abundance and distribution patterns in each bay and estuary system. An adequate system-wide match initially verifies the inflow solution. Long-term monitoring is recommended in order to verify that implementation of future water management strategies maintain ecological health of the estuaries and to provide an early warning of needs for adaptive management strategies. 相似文献
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Abdolreza Karbassi Gholam Reza Nabi Bidhendi Mohsen Saeedi Azadeh Rastegari 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(4):531-536
In the present study, the removal of dissolved and colloidal Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn in Arvand River water during estuarine mixing with the Persian Gulf water is investigated. The flocculation process was investigated for a series of mixtures with salinities ranging from 0.48 to 30.3^. The flocculation rates were indicative of the non-conservative behavior of studied metals during estuarine mixing. Rapid flocculation in the low salinity regimes was observed. The order of the final flocculation rate of metals in the river water was as follows: Co (91.2%)> Cd (86.9%)> Zn (83%)> Cu (75.2%)> Ni (74.3%). Salinity, pH, EC and dissolved oxygen do not govern the flocculation of metals during estuarine mixing. The results of the present investigation show that estuarine processes can be considered as an effective mechanism in self purification of colloidal metals that are anthropogenically introduced into the fresh water ecosystem. 相似文献
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含油气盆地盐构造研究进展 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
简要讨论了近年来含油气盆地盐构造研究的主要进展,这些进展主要表现在盐构造地质建模、三维可视化、物理模拟和数值模拟、平衡剖面分析和构造复原以及盐构造形成机制等方面。盐构造是一类与油气聚集关系极为密切的构造类型,在波斯湾、北海、墨西哥湾、北欧和非洲大陆边缘等油气资源丰富的地区有大量分布。中国在塔里木、渤海湾、江汉、四川等盆地广泛发育多期盐岩层和多种类型的盐构造,但国内盐构造研究相对较少,对盐及其相关构造的变形组合样式、三维地质建模和三维可视化、盐构造形成机理和动力学演化的研究是薄弱环节。对于塔里木、渤海湾盆地以及中国南方海相碳酸盐岩层系来说,区域性盐岩盖层的存在和分布将是油气藏得以保存的关键。深入探讨盐构造特征将有助于深化对中国含油气盆地构造演化、构造样式和油气成藏过程的认识。 相似文献
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Earthquake ground motion model is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment. The model consists in several empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that are considered to be applicable to the given region. When the recorded ground motion data are scarce, numerical modeling of ground motion based on available seismological information is widely used. We describe results of stochastic simulation of ground motion acceleration records for western Saudi Arabia. The simulation was performed using the finite fault model and considering peak ground acceleration and amplitudes of spectral acceleration at natural frequencies 0.2 and 1.0 s. Based on the parameters of the input seismological model that were accepted in similar previous studies, we analyze influence of variations in the source factor (stress drop) and in the local attenuation and amplification factors (kappa value, crustal amplification). These characteristics of the model are considered as the major contributors to the ground motion variability. The results of our work show that distribution of simulated ground motion parameters versus magnitude and distance reveals an agreement with the GMPEs recently used in seismic hazard assessment for the region. Collection of credible information about seismic source, propagation path, and site attenuation parameters using the regional ground motion database would allow constraining the seismological model and developing regional GMPEs. The stochastic simulation based on regional seismological model may be applied for generation of ground motion time histories used for development of analytical fragility curves for typical constructions in the region. 相似文献
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The geochemical processes controlling chemical composition of groundwater are studied using hydrochemical and isotopic data in Abdan-Dayer coastal plain, south of Iran. The salinity of groundwater in the coastal plain ranges from 1,000, a fresh end-member, to more than 50,000 μS cm?1, a saline end-member. Groundwater salinity increases from the recharge area toward areas with a shallow water table close to the Persian Gulf coast due to direct evaporation and sea water intrusion as confirmed by mixing binary diagrams, stable isotope content, and Br?/Cl? ratio. Groundwater flow pattern in the study area has been modified due to over-pumping of groundwater in recent years which resulted in further saline water migration toward fresh water and their mixing. The maximum mixing ratio is estimated about 15% in different parts of the study area according to chloride concentration. 相似文献
19.
固液耦合作用是碎屑流向泥石流转化形成复合型滑坡灾害的关键因素,会导致成灾范围和规模放大,是防灾减灾领域研究中的热点和难点问题之一。文中采用自主研发的滑坡后破坏数值模拟平台(LPF3D,Landslides post failure 3D),以2014年9月强降雨诱发的重庆奉节无山坪滑坡为例,探讨了滑坡在水动力作用下远程成灾的动力过程,揭示了固液耦合影响机制。研究结果显示：水动力作用在滑坡运动过程中主要体现为液化和拖曳两种,两种力学作用的增程效应明显,往往使得碎屑流转化为泥石流,导致远程成灾;基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法的两相耦合计算模型,考虑流体状态方程、固体黏塑性本构方程和相间作用力的共同影响,基本还原了强降雨条件下重庆奉节无山坪滑坡两相运动过程;数值计算结果显示无山坪滑坡最大运动速度为34 m/s,最大堆积厚度为21.5 m,堆积面积为0.12 km2,最远运动距离为1300 m,模拟结果同实际滑坡的堆积形态基本一致。综上认为,在高位远程滑坡风险调查与预测过程中,需充分考虑强降雨工况下孔隙水压力和固液相间作用,基于LPF... 相似文献
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Kyriakos I. Kopasakis Anastasios N. Georgoulas Panagiotis B. Angelidis Nikolaos E. Kotsovinos 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(6):1530-1550
This study investigates the long-term capacity of the North Aegean coastal systems to transport and store conservative pollutants that originate from the Black Sea. Emphasis is placed on modeling the dispersion and accumulation of a passive tracer that represents a Black Sea pollutant (BSP) substance that continuously discharges from the Dardanelles exit into the North Aegean, for a long period of time (16?years). The effects of the Black Sea water (BSW) inflows, meteorological forcing, and seasonal stratification are assessed with a 3D hydrodynamic model (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model), after validation with available field data. The salinity, water temperature, and discharge from the Dardanelles Strait are taken to be seasonally varied. According to the authors' best knowledge, the present paper constitutes the first numerical modeling attempt in the literature that apart from the long-term hydrodynamic characteristics that have also been studied in previous works, a suitable tracer is introduced in order to predict the long-term fate, distribution, and accumulation of pollutants that originate from the Black Sea into the North Aegean coastal regions. The overall results of the present investigation indicate that the BSP concentration is very high at the coastal waters of Thassos, Samothraki, and Limnos islands, as well as along the mainland coastal waters between Alexandroupolis and Strymonikos Gulf, during summer and autumn when strong water column stratification occurs. In general, the BSP concentration in the North Aegean surface waters reaches considerable high values (47?C58?% of the initial pollutant concentration at Dardanelles inflow) within 16?years. Even for depths more than 500?m the BSP concentration is still remarkable, slightly increasing with time. The increase of the BSP concentration with respect to time at various depths (from free surface up to 750?m) is also investigated. 相似文献