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1.
太平洋暖池冷舌交汇区盐度变异机制及气候效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
热带中太平洋暖池冷舌交汇区既是冷暖水交汇的区域,也是高盐低盐水交汇之地,形成了以强烈的海表盐度锋、较浅的混合层和较厚的障碍层为显著特征的温盐结构。该区域还是不同类型厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)发生发展的关键区域,也是气候模式模拟偏差比较集中的区域。为了研究该区域盐度过程及其时空变异,及其在多大程度上影响热带太平洋上层海洋热力动力结构和ENSO的发展变异这一重要科学问题,国家自然科学基金重点项目"暖池冷舌交汇区盐度变异机制及气候效应研究"于2017年7月正式立项。该项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括:(1)融合多源数据刻画交汇区盐度的三维结构及变异规律;(2)阐明影响盐度锋和障碍层不同时间尺度变异的主要过程及作用机理;(3)阐明交汇区盐度变异,特别是障碍层和盐度锋变异,是如何以及在多大程度上影响ENSO循环及其变异的。通过该项目的实施,有望在热带海洋动力学理论和ENSO动力学理论方面取得突破,为提高ENSO预报水平提供新的思路和依据。 相似文献
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我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论的研究”把20世纪80年代以来我国所发生的旱涝重大气候灾害作为项目研究的切入点,从气候系统各圈层的变化及其相互作用,特别是从气候系统中海—陆—气各子系统的变化和相互作用及其对我国重大气候灾害的影响机理入手,对我国重大气候灾害进行了深入分析研究,提出了与我国旱涝重大气候灾害形成机理有关的“东亚气候系统”新理论,指出这个系统的时空变化特征及其对我国旱涝等重大气候灾害发生的重要作用;从东亚季风—西太平洋暖池—ENSO循环相互作用及机理的研究,提出了热带西太平洋对热带太平洋ENSO循环的热力和动力作用以及与亚洲季风的相互作用过程,指出了ENSO循环的不同阶段对于东亚季风和我国气候异常的不同影响及其机理;提出了高原热力适应理论,应用此理论揭示了高原热力变化对南亚高压东西振荡影响的物理过程。在上述理论研究的基础上提出了ENSO循环的数值预测模式和我国跨季度和年度气候异常的数值预测系统,研制了新一代气候耦合数值模型中的大气环流数值模式。通过这两个预测系统的研制使我国对ENSO事件预测水平有了较大提高,并成功地预测了我国1998—2003年夏季所发生的严重旱涝气候灾害。此外,成功地进行了我国西北干旱区陆—气相互作用观测试验,获取了许多有关我国典型干旱区陆—气相互作用有价值的科学数据,并得到许多原创性的科学结果,为开发大西北提供了可靠的气候环境资料。本项目的完成不仅为今后开展我国重大气候灾害的发生规律、成因与预测研究奠定了坚实的理论和数值模型基础,而且对于国家旱涝气候灾害预测水平的提高,减轻气候灾害造成的经济损失具有重要的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
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北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东部陆架海和南海是国防安全的重要门户;位处第二岛链以西的副热带北太平洋既是各国争夺的重要海区,又是我国从近海走向大洋的重要通道.围绕"北太平洋副热带环流变异如何通过黑潮与我国近海动力环境之间相互作用"这一国际前沿科学问题,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响"于2007年9月正式立项.该项目不仅有助于拓展和丰富海洋动力学理论,揭示我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异机制,提高预测能力,而且也将为维护我国国防安全和海洋权益,为可持续开发利用海洋资源提供海洋动力环境保障.该项目主要研究内容包括:①北太平洋副热带环流变异和调整机理;②黑潮与我国近海的能量与水体交换过程及机制;③北太平洋副热带环流变异与大气驱动力的耦合效应;④我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异的可预测性研究.拟解决的关键科学问题为:北太平洋副热带内区环流变异的机理及其对黑潮的影响;黑潮源头变异机理及其对吕宋海峡水交换的影响和黑潮变异机理及其对东部陆架海域动力环境的影响. 相似文献
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在上层海洋,受盐度的影响,温度均匀层和密度均匀层并不一定重合,出现温跃层顶界深度明显大于密度跃层顶界深度的现象,即产生盐度障碍层.重力稳定度较高的障碍层对上层海洋热量的垂直交换具有“热障”作用,使混合层和温跃层无法进行有效的热量交换,导致局地海洋上混合层偏暖,从而影响局地海气相互作用乃至全球气候变化.得益于全球海洋观测计划的实施,近20年来科学家已逐渐认识到盐度在海洋环流和气候变化中的重要性,因此盐度障碍层在上层海洋热量收支中的作用等科学问题已成为物理海洋学的前沿研究热点.以障碍层多尺度变异为中心,围绕影响和调控障碍层变异的关键海洋过程,以及障碍层通过海气相互作用影响天气、气候尺度变异的过程和机理等关键科学问题,综述了近几十年来有关热带障碍层的研究进展.重点总结了以下3个方面的进展:全球不同热带海域障碍层的空间结构和多尺度变异特征;海洋动力过程和大气热力过程在障碍层变异中的作用及其机理;障碍层与天气、气候事件及海洋生物相互作用的关键过程和机理.强调了障碍层变异的海洋—大气耦合过程及其气候效应,最后提出了尚需解决的关键科学问题. 相似文献
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作为全球接受太阳辐射最多、表层海水温度最高的区域,西太平洋暖池区通过厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和季风等过程影响着全球气候的变化。越来越多的沉积记录证明,在地质历史时期西太平洋暖池也存在类似于现代ENSO过程的“类ENSO式”变化。而目前类ENSO式变化与冰期—间冰期旋回之间的响应关系和驱动机制及其与东亚季风的关联仍存在争议。本文利用位于暖池核心区的B10岩心浮游有孔虫氧同位素、Mg/Ca(质量分数比)和黏土矿物参数重建了暖池区氧同位素8期以来的古气候记录,并结合已有的热带海表温度记录、中国石笋氧同位素和南大洋地区海表温度记录,研究了西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中类ENSO状态的演化规律及其与东亚季风的关系,并探讨了暖池区类ENSO演化的驱动机制。结果发现:冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层变浅,赤道东、西太平洋温差减小,同时,东亚夏季风减弱,暖池区降水量相对减少,与现代El Niño时期气候态类似;间冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层加深,赤道东、西太平洋温差增大,东亚冬夏季风增强,暖池区降水量相对增加,与现代La Niña时期气候态类似。频谱分析结果表明,西太平洋暖池区海表温度的变化具有偏心率周期(96 ka)。冰消期时,低纬度太阳辐射量的增加,增大了纬向上的SST梯度,并使得次表层海水储存了更多的热量,积累的热量会通过调节次表层环流向暖池区的热传输,最终调控赤道太平洋地区Walker环流强度和ENSO活动的长期变化。而冰期时,南大洋地区降温所引起的东南信风和大洋环流异常可能对类ENSO式起到调控的作用。 相似文献
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ENSO-7赤道西太平洋异常纬向风所驱动的热带太平洋次表层海温距平的循环 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
近几年的一系列分析研究表明，ENSO与异常东亚冬季风之间有相互影响，持续的强（弱）东亚冬季风通过引起赤道西太平洋地区的西（东）风异常对El Niño/La Niña的发生起着重要作用；赤道太平洋次表层海温异常（SOTA）的年际变化（循环）与ENSO发生有密切关系；ENSO的真正源在西太平洋暖池，暖池正（负）SOTA沿赤道温跃层东传到东太平洋，便导致El Niño/La Niña的爆发；在暖池正（负）SOTA沿赤道东传的同时，有负（正）SOTA沿10°N和10°S纬度带向西传播，从而构成SOTA的循环；热带太平洋SOTA循环的驱动者是赤道西太平洋的异常纬向风。进而可以认为：ENSO实质上是主要由异常东亚季风引起的赤道西太平洋异常纬向风所驱动的热带太平洋次表层海温距平的年际循环。 相似文献
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《地球科学进展》2017,(12)
2013年启动的国际大洋发现计划(IODP)针对当前大气温室气体浓度急剧升高和全球变暖的气候变化现状,提出全球气候对CO2增高的响应、冰盖和海平面对全球变暖的响应、中—低纬水文循环的变化机制以及海洋碳化学体系的缓冲能力等4个科学挑战。截至2017年8月已经完成的8个IODP气候变化主题航次聚焦于亚洲—太平洋—印度洋区域的季风过程和西太平洋暖池的新生代演变,着重探索轨道—千年尺度上亚洲季风系统的变化特征和主导机制,以及构造时间尺度上亚洲季风与青藏高原隆升和剥蚀的动力联系。未来2年IODP将瞄准南半球高纬的冰盖、海冰、洋流和碳循环等气候因子,重点考察新生代西南极冰盖和海冰变化、白垩纪和古近纪南大洋的海洋环流和碳循环等。因此,IODP旨在深入探索以亚洲季风和西太平洋暖池为代表的热带海洋气候过程和以西南极冰盖为代表的高纬气候因子在多种时间尺度上的演变,为认识当前气候变化、预测未来气候趋势提供自然变化的科学依据。中国的优势在于全球季风概念和热带驱动假说方面的研究,特别是巽他陆架的气候效应。 相似文献
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利用美国NCAR CAM3大气环流模式,分析了末次盛冰期（LGM）两个不同的热带海表温度重建方案中,北半球冬季热带中、西太平洋对流活动及大气环流对暖池外（赤道东太平洋和热带大西洋）热带SST异常的敏感性。结果表明： 1）SST异常首先引起大气环流的改变。 赤道东太平洋对流层下沉增强,而作为经向补偿,副热带东太平洋上升运动增强,其中南半球尤为明显,同时南半球热带中、西太平洋上升运动增强,加剧了该区纬向逆时针环流,说明冰期热带海气耦合过程受气候背景场（如SST）影响很大; 2）大气环流格局改变引起热带中西太平洋的大气加热、对流活动、表层风场及降雨的巨大变化。 140°E以西的婆罗洲和菲律宾区域,总的大气加热减少是由于对流与辐射加热减少所致,对应于该区风场辐散和降雨减少; 而140°E以东的南半球热带中、西太平洋,大气吸收热量增加,对流与辐射加热均增强,总降雨量也随之增加,反映该区赤道辐合带南移并增强。该项研究为探索热带太平洋在冰期/间冰期旋回中的古海洋学变化提供了新的数据支撑。此外,不同重建SST对赤道辐合带的影响比较大,因此利用重建SST进行数值模拟或者利用耦合模式研究LGM热带海气相互作用时,应该十分重视全球热带SST分布特征。 相似文献
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印度尼西亚海与印度尼西亚贯穿流研究概述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
概述过去30年间与印度尼西亚海和印度尼西亚贯穿流有关的海洋动力学方面的研究进展。印度尼西亚海处于海洋大陆的中心地带,衔接西太平洋和印度洋的暖池,是影响大气环流的关键海域;而通过印度尼西亚海多个连通海峡从太平洋进入印度洋的贯穿流,对维持全球大洋热盐分布和平衡起着关键的作用,影响着全球大洋环流的结构及长期的气候变化。基于大... 相似文献
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Fan Wang Chuanyu Liu Shijian Hu Shan Gao Fan Jia Linlin Zhang Jianing Wang Junqiao Feng 《地球科学进展》2018,33(8):775-782
This study focused on the warm pool-cold tongue confluence region (WCCR) in the central tropical Pacific Ocean where the warm and fresh water from the warm pool encounters with cold and saline water from the cold tongue. The WCCR is characterized by strong surface salinity front, shallow mixed layer and thick barrier layer. The WCCR is the key area for the development of different types of El Ni?o, and also the area with significant systematic bias in climate models. In order to reveal what role the structure and variability of salinity will play in the ocean dynamic and thermal conditions, and the cycle of the ENSO, a key project was approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in July, 2017. The key scientific issues that will be addressed in the project are as follows: ①to depict the three-dimensional structure and variability of salinity in the WCCR; ②to reveal the mechanism for the variability of salinity front and barrier layer; and ③to illustrate the main processes that control the impact of salinity on the upper-ocean variation in the tropical Pacific and the cycle of the ENSO. The present study will improve our understanding of the tropical ocean dynamics and ENSO dynamics, and will enhance the prediction skill of the ENSO. 相似文献
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In the recent decades， a large amount of anthropogenic heat has been absorbed and stored in the Southern Ocean. Results from observations and climate models' simulations both show that the Southern Ocean displays large warming in the upper and subsurface ocean that maximizes at 45°~40°S. However， the underlying mechanisms and evolution processes of the Southern Ocean temperature changes remain unclear， leaving the Southern Ocean to be a hotspot of climate change studies in the recent years. The present study summarized the current progress in the observations and numerical modeling of long-term temperature changes in the Southern Ocean. The effects of changes in wind， surface heat flux， sea-ice and other factors on the ocean temperature changes were presented， along with the introduction to the role of oceanic mean circulation and eddies. The present study further proposed that a deepening of the understanding in the Southern Ocean temperature change may be achieved by investigating the fast and slow responses of the Southern Ocean to external radiative forcing， which are respectively associated with the fast adjustments of the ocean mixed-layer and the slow evolution of the deep ocean. Specifically， the striking and fast mixed-layer ocean warming north of 50°S is tightly related to the surface heat absorption over upwelling regions and wind-driven meridional heat transport， resulting in enhanced warming around 45°S. While in the slow response of the Southern Ocean temperature， the enhanced ocean warming shifts southward and downward， mainly associating with the heat transfer from oceanic eddies. The Southern Ocean temperature has pronounced climatic effects on many aspects， such as global energy balance， sea-level rise， ocean stratification changes， regional surface warming and atmospheric circulation changes. However， large model biases/deficiencies in simulating the present-day climatology and essential ocean dynamic processes last in generations of climate models， which are the main challenge in advancing our understanding in the mechanisms for the Southern Ocean climate changes. Therefore， to achieve reliable future projections of the Southern Ocean climate， substantial efforts will be needed to improve the model performances and physical understanding in the relative role of various processes in ocean temperature changes at different time scales. 相似文献
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Ocean Assimilation System (OAS) is an important component for decadal prediction experiment, providing initial conditions. Evaluating the atmosphere response in OAS can provide reference for analyzing results from decadal prediction. We analyzed the interdecadal change in relation between the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the previous winter based on an OAS on the coupled climate model FGOALS-s2. It shows that two factors impact the performance: ① interdecadal change of Ssea Surface Temperature (SST) pattern in the summer Indo-Pacific Basin related with ENSO in previous winter and ② bias in model response of the western North Pacific anticyclone to tropical SST anomalies. The anticyclone shows steady relation with the warm eastern Indian Ocean. When ENSO’s impact on the summer Indian Ocean is strengthened around the end of 1970s, the OAS can reproduce the strengthened EASM-ENSO relation. However, the trend of intensified EASM-ENSO relation in the OAS is still significant after the mid-1990s due to the stronger link between the anticyclone and the northeastern Indian Ocean, differing with the observation which shows a weakened effect of the Indian Ocean on the anticyclone. In addition, the bias in response to the SST anomalies in the central Pacific also partly contributes to the failure in reproducing the weakening EASM-ENSO relation after the mid-1990s. It implies that prediction skill of interdecadal ENSO impact on the tropical Indo-Pacific SST and response bias of model to SST anomalies may to some extent limit the capability to predict the interdecadal change in the EASM-ENSO relation. 相似文献
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As one of the most important mesoscale ocean features, the mesoscale eddies are omnipresent and have significant impact on the overlying atmosphere. Based on the comprehensive review of the influence of mesoscale eddies on the atmospheric boundary layer and the local circulation, the corresponding physical mechanisms and their impacts on weather systems were presented systematically. ①Eddy-induced SST anomalies may modify the surface wind speed, horizontal divergence, cloud and precipitation through turbulence heat flux anomalies. Meanwhile, additional secondary circulations arise over the eddies. What is more, there are obvious regional and seasonal differences for atmospheric responses. ② Studies in the South China Sea, the Kuroshio Extension region and the Southern Ocean indicate that atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies can be explained by the changes of sea level pressure or the vertical momentum transport. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by the phase relationship between the atmospheric anomaly center and the eddy core. Diagnosis on the inner dynamical processes may draw better conclusions. ③The energy conversions are affected by mesoscale eddies, which may affect storm tracks and jet streams, and finally result in distant influences on weather patterns. Moreover, sea temperature anomalies from sea surface to the thermocline associated with mesoscale eddies have significant impacts on the intensification and the maintenance of tropical cyclones. 相似文献
15.
大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20世纪气候演变研究的最大突破,在于地球轨道变化驱动冰期旋回的米兰柯维奇理论。然而近年来学术界对热带过程和大气CO2浓度变化的研究进展,暴露了传统的轨道驱动理论存在着对低纬区和碳循环在全球气候系统中作用估计不足的严重缺陷。国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"大洋碳循环与气候演变的热带驱动"拟以南海与西太平洋暖池的深海记录为依据,进行全球性对比和跨越地球圈层的探索,通过观测分析结果与数值模拟的结合、地质记录与现代过程的结合,检验和论证大洋碳储库长周期变化机制的假说,对于不同时间尺度上低纬过程如何通过碳循环在全球气候环境演变中的作用,实现理论上的突破。同时简要介绍了该项目的目的、科学意义、关键科学问题及预期目标等。 相似文献
16.
Aiming at the current climate status, i.e., drastic rise of atmospheric greenhouse gases and the apparent trend of global warming, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), launched in 2013, proposed four scientific challenges, including the response of global climate to CO2 rise, the feedback of ice-sheet and sea-level to global warming, the dynamics of the mid- and low-latitude hydro-cycle, and the mechanism of the marine carbon-chemical buffering system. By August 2017, eight IODP expeditions of climate-related themes were implemented, focusing on the Neogene evolution of the monsoon system over Asia-Pacific-Indian and the West Pacific Warm Pool, with specific interests in the variabilities and mechanisms of the Asian Monsoon system on orbital-to millennial-scales, as well as the connections between Asian Monsoon and the uplift/weathering of the Tibetan Plateau on tectonic time scale. The planned IODP expeditions in the forthcoming two years will explore the Southern high-latitude climate histories of West Antarctic ice in the Cenozoic, and Southern Ocean currents and carbon cycle in the Cretaceous-Paleogene. In sum, during the current phase of IODP (2013-2023), our knowledge about the marine climate system would be greatly advanced via deciphering the past changes in tropical processes of Asian Monsoon and West Pacific Warm Pool, as well as in high-latitude factors of the West Antarctic ice. A better scientific background of natural variability would be provided, accordingly, for predicting the future tendency in climate change. In this context, China’s strategic directions include the global monsoon concept, the tropical forcing hypothesis, and in particular the climate effect of the Sunda Shelf. 相似文献
17.
The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean and their ocean-continent connection zones are the core area of "the Belt and Road". Scientific and in-depth recognition to the natural environment, disaster distribution, resources, energy potential of “the Belt and Road” development, is the cut-in point of the current Earth science community to serve urgent national needs. This paper mainly discusses the following key tectonic problems in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones (OCCZs): 1. modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs to the two oceans and the ocean-continent transition zones, this item includes the following questions. (1) Plate origin, growth, death and evolution in the two oceans, for example, 1) The initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate including causes and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky microplates; 2) spatial and temporal process, present status and trends of the plates within the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific Ocean to the evolution of the East Asian Continental Domain; 3) origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and assembly and dispersal of supercontinents. (2) Latest research progress and problems of mid-oceanic ridges: 1) the ridge-hot spot interaction and ridge accretion, how to think about the relationship between vertical accretion behavior of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading of millions years at 0 Ma mid-oceanic ridges; 2) the difference of formation mechanisms between the back-arc basin extension and the normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; 3) the differentials between ultra-slow dian Ocean and the rapid Pacific spreading, whether there are active and passive spreading, and a push force in the mid-oceanic ridge; 4) mid-oceanic ridge jumping and termination: causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; 5) interaction of mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. (3) On the intra-oceanic subduction and tectonics: 1) the origin of intra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab window on continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; 2) causes of the large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamount chains. (4) The oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean. (5) Advances on the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench suction and mid-oceanic ridge push, is reviewed and discussed. 2. The ocean-continent connection zones near the two oceans, including: (1) Property of continental margin basement: the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are the continental crusts or oceanic crusts, and origin of micro-continent within the oceans; (2) the ocean-continent transition and coupling process, revealing from the comparison of the major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and the continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, causes of transform fault within back-arc basin, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margin; (3) strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; (4) connection between deep and surface processes within the two ocean and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3. On the relationship, especially their present relations and evolutionary trends, between the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific plates and the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean. At last, this paper makes a perspective of the related marine geology, ocean-continent connection zone and in-depth geology for the two oceans and one zone. 相似文献
18.
2005年夏,一个先进的海洋观测网络——包括实时的光纤海洋观测系统和内部存储的自动化观测系统——被投放在了阿曼海和北阿拉伯海并运行至今.在2010年初,其中的自动化观测系统被升级到了新的深水光纤观测系统.这个海洋观测网络是在阿曼农业和渔业部的资助下,由美国的Lighthouse R&D公司设计、开发、安装和维护的.这2个观测系统作为一个整体已经连续工作了7年多的时间.所采集数据包括海流、温度、盐度、压力、溶解氧和浊度等.该海区是一个多水团的汇合区,波斯湾的高盐水和阿拉伯海的低盐水在这里汇合并蔓延南下到印度洋.对采集的数据研究表明,这一观测网络对研究该区域的物理和生物过程具有重要价值.在此,将系统介绍整个观测网络,并简要阐述已经完成和接近完成的4个研究主题:①对阿拉伯海有记载以来最强热带气旋“古怒”的海洋响应的研究;②阿曼海北部的季节性缺氧现象的季节及年际变化和成因分析;③深海声散射层的时空演变;④阿曼海和北阿拉伯海的高温高盐现象的成因.该观测网络采集的长期、连续的时间序列对这一地区的海洋动力研究、水文的季节性变化,以及气候的长期变化等研究都有很大帮助.此外,如果观测网络可以完成25年的设定观测目标,这将对验证和改进海洋环流模式和海气耦合模式具有重要意义. 相似文献
19.
南大洋是全球面积最大的一个大洋。传统观点倾向于认为由于南大洋与北半球相距遥远而与北半球气候系统关系不大,其全球性气候效应也较弱,这主要是由于以往对南大洋的了解不足。随着观测分析、数值模拟与理论研究的加强,以及对南大洋的认识不断加深,南大洋的气候效应日益凸显。从南极底层水、南极绕极流、南大洋海冰、南大洋与热带之间的遥相关、以及南大洋对气候变化的响应等多个角度梳理了南大洋物理过程特别是动力过程在全球气候系统中的作用,较为完整地总结了对南大洋气候效应的已有认识,并结合南大洋研究现状对未来有价值的科学问题和潜在的研究热点进行了探讨,以期强调南大洋在全球气候系统中的重要地位,推动南大洋研究不断走向深入。 相似文献
20.
The warm pool in the Indian Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The structure of the warm pool (region with temperature greater than 28°C) in the equatorial Indian Ocean is examined and
compared with its counterpart in the Pacific Ocean using the climatology of Levitus. Though the Pacific warm pool is larger
and warmer, a peculiarity of the pool in the Indian Ocean is its seasonal variation. The surface area of the pool changes
from 24 × 106 km2 in April to 8 × 106 km2 in September due to interaction with the southwest monsoon. The annual cycles of sea surface temperature at locations covered
by the pool during at least a part of the year show the following modes: (i) a cycle with no significant variation (observed
in the western equatorial Pacific and central and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean), (ii) a single maximum/minimum (northern
and southern part of the Pacific warm pool and the south Indian Ocean), (iii) two maxima/minima (Arabian Sea, western equatorial
Indian Ocean and southern Bay of Bengal), and (iv) a rapid rise, a steady phase and a rapid fall (northern Bay of Bengal). 相似文献