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瞬态法广泛用于致密岩体渗透率测量。传统瞬态法由于忽视储层压缩性及气体吸附性对渗透率的影响,在测量页岩、煤等有机质岩体渗透率时会产生较大误差。本文通过TOUGH+REALGASBRINE模拟了瞬态法试验,研究了孔隙率、容器体积及吸附参数对渗流影响。研究结果表明,孔隙率较小或容器体积较大时,储层压缩性对传统脉冲法渗流影响可忽略;气体吸附性对传统脉冲法渗流影响较大,采用吸附性气体对页岩和煤等岩体进行渗透率测量时应考虑吸附影响。双向脉冲法能有效消除储层压缩性及吸附性对岩体的渗透率测量影响,且压力梯度能较早的达到常数,比传统脉冲法更为适用。 相似文献
2.
高煤级煤储层煤层气产能“瓶颈”问题研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
基于山西沁水盆地高煤级煤储层宏观裂隙、显微裂隙的连续观测,孔隙的系统测量,结合应力渗透率、气-水相对渗透率、吸附膨胀等实验成果,分析了高煤级煤储层三级渗流特征,探讨了有效应力和煤基质收缩对高煤级煤储层渗透率的耦合作用,系统揭示了在地面排水降压开发煤层气的过程中,高煤级煤储层初期产气量高,数月后急剧衰减之“瓶颈”现象,找出了造成高煤级煤储层产气缺陷的根本原因。鉴于高煤级煤储层物性的特殊性,指出了高煤级煤储层煤层气开发的技术和措施。 相似文献
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4.
山西沁水盆地中-南部煤储层渗透率物理模拟与数值模拟 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
通过对山西沁水盆地中南部上主煤层宏观裂隙观测,力学参数测量和应力渗透率实验,分别建立了裂隙面密度、裂隙产状、裂隙宽度与煤储层渗透率之间的预测数学模型;利用FLAC—3D软件,模拟了该区上主煤层内现代地应力状态,结合煤层气试井渗透率资料,构建了应力与渗透率之间关系预测的数学模型,并对该区上主煤层渗透率进行了全面预测。通过吸附膨胀实验,揭示了各煤类煤基质的收缩特征,构建了有效应力、煤基质收缩与渗透率之间的耦合数学模型,并对煤层气开发过程中渗透率动态变化进行了数值模拟。 相似文献
5.
不同煤级煤及其萃余物吸附性能的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用不同溶剂对褐煤、焦煤、低级无烟煤(Ro,max2.62%)以及中级无烟煤(Ro,max3.74%)等四个煤级煤样进行分级超声萃取,然后对原煤和萃余物进行平衡水预湿的方法,进行了等温吸附实验,并结合孔隙结构测试和水分含量变化,分析了溶剂萃取后萃余物的吸附性能变化及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)平衡水条件下,原煤对甲烷的吸附能力要大于萃余物,萃取后,尽管煤的组成和孔隙结构发生了变化,但并不能改变不同煤级煤吸附甲烷的能力的对比关系;(2)原煤和各级萃余物都发生了到某一压力后,吸附量随着压力增加而下降的现象,褐煤及其萃余物甚至出现负值,这可能是由超临界状态下吸附相的体积忽视后带来的效应和煤基质在压力、水分作用发生膨胀以及随着压力增加,水分在吸附孔隙中占据吸附点位的增多,造成甲烷有效吸附点位的减少等综合作用的结果。研究认为,在讨论影响不同煤化作用的煤吸附能力的因素时,应该首先考虑到煤级对吸附能力的影响;对煤化程度相近的煤,其他因素如孔隙结构和水分的变化对吸附的影响才显现,但对不同煤级煤吸附性的主要影响因素也不尽相同。在煤层气吸附研究中,吸附量下降现象应该是一个共性,其机理的解释和寻求正确的吸附相体积校正,以及一定压力下,煤基质在水分作用下发生膨胀对吸附性的影响的规律描述,都是亟待解决的重要问题。 相似文献
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煤层渗透率变化受多种因素制约,其中有效应力和煤吸附–解吸过程中煤基质的膨胀/收缩是两个主要因素。基于这两方面影响因素,采用体积不变原理和MATCHSTICK模型,提出新的预测渗透率变化的模型,有效回避了经典模型中使用不确定参数引起的渗透率模拟误差问题。研究结果表明,渗透率随煤层压力的变化存在3种理论模型,煤层气排采过程中,应尽可能使得渗透率变化曲线呈现下降缓慢、抬升稳定快速且增幅较大的趋势。最后,通过与经典的Palmer-Mansoori模型和Shi-Durucan模型的模拟对比,并利用现场实测数据进行验证,证明了本文推导模型的正确性和实用性。 相似文献
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煤层气产出一般要经过解吸、扩散和渗流三个阶段,而煤层气在变形较强的构造煤中的扩散过程不同于在原生结构煤或变形较弱的煤体中的扩散。外界压力的变化只是构造煤吸附与解吸整个过程的一种外在因素,构造煤的变形和结构变化以及吸附势场的转换才是构造煤吸附与解吸的内在因素,是导致解吸过程不可逆性的根本原因。当构造煤体与CH4等多元气体间的吸附平衡状态遭到破坏时,变形较强的构造煤在降压后会产生解吸滞后现象;而变形较弱的煤,分子结构中的气体会很快解吸,第一阶段是气体解吸作用,第二阶段是游离气体从微孔向较大孔隙扩散的过程,气体扩散速率主要由第二阶段决定。构造煤气体扩散机理主要是由孔隙形状、大小、连通性和多元气体性质和状态所决定的。韧性变形煤的微孔隙比较发达,所以韧性变形煤以Knudsen扩散为主,脆性变形煤的中、大孔隙所占比例较大,而且脆性变形煤的孔隙之间具有很好的连通性,所以脆性变形煤以Fick型扩散为主,脆-韧性变形煤以及接近脆-韧性变形煤的脆性变形煤和韧性变形煤均以过渡型扩散为主。在试井渗透率比较中,一定变形程度的脆性变形煤>韧性变形煤,脆性变形煤中以过渡孔为主,其余为微孔,测不出亚微孔和极微孔,脆性变形还增加了各孔隙之间的相互连通性。韧性变形煤中过渡孔比表面积所占比例下降,微孔和亚微孔增高,扩散主要发生在微孔和过渡孔中,所以韧性变形煤的试井渗透率低于脆性变形煤的试井渗透率。 相似文献
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国外煤层气成因与储层物性研究进展与分析 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
从煤层气生成机制及其地质控制、煤储层孔隙结构与吸附/解吸行为、煤储层裂隙系统及其对渗透率的影响三个方面,有重点地总结了国外有关煤层气成因和煤储层物性研究的新进展。笔者认为:国外在煤层气次生生物成因、煤层气生成矿物金属元素催化作用、煤层气固溶态赋存形式、含气量测定不确定性、煤层气近临界和超临界吸附、吸附能及其非均质性、裂隙矿物成因及其对成藏过程的指示作用、煤储层渗透率随煤层气解吸的变化规律及其控制因素等方面的研究,极大地深化了对煤层气成因和煤储层物性的理解与认识;煤岩学、煤地球化学、岩石力学等的结合是国际上煤层气地质研究手段的重要发展趋势,而煤层气成因与特殊赋存形式、含气量精确测定与评价、超临界吸附与吸附能分布、解吸过程中煤储层渗透率变化特征及其地质控制等的研究,显示出国外煤层气成因和煤储层物性研究的重要前缘方向。 相似文献
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基于晋城和焦作煤样的吸附实验,对比分析了构造煤与原生结构煤的孔隙结构、吸附能力差异及其影响因素。结果表明,与原生结构煤相比,构造煤低温液氮吸附两阶段的拐点相对提前,中值孔径显著偏小,总孔容、微孔-中孔范围内各孔径段孔容以及相应的孔比表面积均要大几到十几倍。构造煤平均孔容具有微孔≈小孔>中孔的特点,原生结构煤却呈中孔>小孔≈微孔的规律,但两类煤体分段孔比表面积比例却不存在实质性差别。同时,构造煤吸附能力显著强于相同煤级的原生结构煤,原因在于构造煤的吸附孔孔容及相应的孔比表面积显著较高。此外,构造动力对煤孔隙结构乃至煤吸附性的改造可能涉及与煤大分子结构相关的微孔层次,有关现象和机理值得进一步深入探讨。 相似文献
10.
采用二氧化氯溶液浸泡、甲烷等温吸附、X射线衍射等方法,探讨了煤储层改造新原理,从大分子结构层次上讨论了其可能的地球化学机理。实验结果显示,煤经浸泡后其吸附常数发生了明显变化,含气饱和度、临界解吸压力等得到不同程度的提高,但提高的程度受煤级控制。经二氧化氯处理后,煤中大分子结构单元发生了程度不等的解聚作用,煤大分子结构与吸附性之间存在同步响应关系,二氧化氯残液中存在苯环等有机物,解聚程度与煤化作用程度有关。浸泡后,煤分子结构发生了改变,使得其表面性质出现变化,从而影响到煤对甲烷分子的吸附能力和煤层气解吸产出潜势。 相似文献
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Hema J. Siriwardane Raj K. Gondle Duane H. Smith 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(1-2):188-202
Geologic sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams and enhanced coalbed methane production is a promising choice, economically and environmentally, to reduce anthropogenic gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Unmineable coal seams are typically known to adsorb large amounts of carbon dioxide in comparison to the sizeable amounts of sorbed methane, which raises the potential for large scale sequestration projects. During the process of sequestration, carbon dioxide is injected into the coalbed and desorbed methane is produced. The coal matrix is believed to shrink when a gas is desorbed and swell when a gas is sorbed, sometimes causing profound changes in the cleat porosity and permeability of the coal seam. These changes may have significant impact on the reservoir performance. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the combined influence of swelling and shrinkage, and geomechanical properties including elastic modulus, cleat porosity, and permeability of the reservoir.The present paper deals with the influence of swelling and shrinkage on the reservoir performance, and the geomechanical response of the reservoir system during the process of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide and enhanced coalbed methane production in an actual field project located in northern New Mexico. A three-dimensional swelling and shrinkage model was developed and implemented into an existing reservoir model to understand the influence of geomechanical parameters, as well as swelling and shrinkage properties, on the reservoir performance. Numerical results obtained from the modified simulator were compared to available measured values from that site and previous studies. Results show that swelling and shrinkage, and the combination of geomechanical and operational parameters, have a significant influence on the performance of the reservoir system. 相似文献
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A theoretical model for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
Swelling and shrinkage (volumetric change) of coal during adsorption and desorption of gas is a well-known phenomenon. For coalbed methane recovery and carbon sequestration in deep, unminable coal beds, adsorption-induced coal volumetric change may cause significant reservoir permeability change. In this work, a theoretical model is derived to describe adsorption-induced coal swelling at adsorption and strain equilibrium. This model applies an energy balance approach, which assumes that the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid. The elastic modulus of the coal, gas adsorption isotherm, and other measurable parameters, including coal density and porosity, are required in this model. Results from the model agree well with experimental observations of swelling. It is shown that the model is able to describe the differences in swelling behaviour with respect to gas species and at very high gas pressures, where the coal swelling ratio reaches a maximum then decreases. Furthermore, this model can be used to describe mixed-gas adsorption induced-coal swelling, and can thus be applied to CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery. 相似文献
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Characterization of coal reservoirs and determination of in-situ physical coal properties related to transport mechanism are complicated due to having lack of standard procedures in the literature. By considering these difficulties, a new approach has been developed proposing the usage of relationships between coal rank and physical coal properties. In this study, effects of shrinkage and swelling (SS) on total methane recovery at CO2 breakthrough (TMRB), which includes ten-year primary methane recovery and succeeding enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery up to CO2 breakthrough, and CO2 sequestration have been investigated by using rank-dependent coal properties. In addition to coal rank, different coal reservoir types, molar compositions of injected fluid, and parameters within the extended Palmer & Mansoori (P&M) permeability model were considered. As a result of this study, shrinkage and swelling lead to an increase in TMRB. Moreover, swelling increased CO2 breakthrough time and decreased displacement ratio and CO2 storage for all ranks of coal. Low-rank coals are affected more negatively than high-rank coals by swelling. Furthermore, it was realized that dry coal reservoirs are more influenced by swelling than others and saturated wet coals are more suitable for eliminating the negative effects of CO2 injection. In addition, it was understood that it is possible to reduce swelling effect of CO2 on cleat permeability by mixing it with N2 before injection. However, an economical optimization is required for the selection of proper gas mixture. Finally, it is concluded from sensitivity analysis that elastic modulus is the most important parameter, except the initial cleat porosity, controlling SS in the extended P&M model by highly affecting TMRB. 相似文献
14.
煤系页岩气是煤系非常规天然气的重要类型。储层研究可为煤系页岩气开发提供理论基础。基于国内外文献调研分析,从煤系页岩分布与地化特征、储层特征与含气性、煤系页岩气赋存状态、富集影响因素、有利储层优选方面,阐述了煤系页岩气储层研究进展。研究表明:煤系页岩单层厚度薄,累计厚度大,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,储层矿物中黏土矿物含量相对较高,含气量具备商业开发所需条件。煤系页岩气赋存状态本质上取决于储层孔隙结构,页岩气在微孔中主要以吸附态的形式存在,而在中孔和宏孔中游离态是其主要存在形式。煤系页岩气富集主要受到有机质特征、储层矿物组成、储层结构特征、岩性组合的影响。有机质含量高有利于页岩气赋存;黏土矿物具有较强的吸附能力,多发育微孔和中孔,有利于页岩气富集;储层孔隙度的增加有利于页岩气富集;煤系页岩与煤层互层时,存在压力封闭和煤层气充注,利于富集。煤系页岩气有利储层优选为:TOC含量>2%,R o>0.7%,孔隙度>2%,脆性矿物含量>30%,黏土矿物含量<50%,含气量>1 m 3/t,煤系页岩有效厚度定为>30m、埋深>1000m,同时应考虑气藏封闭性及构造稳定性。 相似文献
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我国煤层气储层研究现状及发展趋势 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
通过对煤层气储层描述及储层评价，煤储层分布，预测及选区评价，煤储层研究方法及实验技术等方面的系统评述后认为，我国目前已基本掌握了煤储层地质特征研究和地质评价选区技术，煤层气储层工程技术和储层模拟软件系统，并在煤层气储层研究方面有所突破，但我国煤储层的构造复杂，煤层多强烈变形，煤层结构常呈碎粒状及糜棱状等，煤储层多为贫煤和无烟煤，呈“三低一高”（煤层压力较低，煤层渗透率低，在水压裂等强化措施下形成的常规破裂裂缝所占比较低；煤层普遍具有较高的吸附力）的物性特征，且变质程度偏高，高煤级煤（贫煤一无烟煤）占49％，独具“中国特色”，进而讨论了当前我国煤层气储层研究急待解决的8个方面的科技问题和难点，指出了在21世纪初中我国煤层气储层研究的7个发展趋势。 相似文献
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在山西河东煤田石炭、二叠纪煤储层中发现规模类似于传统外生节理,而产状、节理面特征及发育载体等其他特征与内生裂隙极为相似的两组节理．该节理面上无擦痕和镜面特征,节理面产状与围岩中的节理差异明显．该节理属煤储层中流体间歇性释放造成的纯张节理．该区煤储层岩石物理研究表明,凡发育该类节理的煤储层,其渗透率较高,煤储层可改造性较好．该类节理发育的基本条件是：围岩封闭条件良好、煤储层中有机质丰度高达９０％以上和具有相应温压的煤层气藏成藏条件．研究该类节理不仅可以丰富煤储层岩石物理的研究内容,深化煤层气藏形成与保存条件的认识,而且还有助于正确评价煤层气的可采性． 相似文献
17.
Coal swelling/shrinkage during gas adsorption/desorption is a well-known phenomenon. For some coals the swelling/shrinkage shows strong anisotropy, with more swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding than that parallel to the bedding. Experimental measurements performed in this work on an Australian coal found strong anisotropic swelling behaviour in gases including nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide, with swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding almost double that parallel to the bedding. It is proposed here that this anisotropy is caused by anisotropy in the coal's mechanical properties and matrix structure. The Pan and Connell coal swelling model, which applies an energy balance approach where the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid, is further developed to describe the anisotropic swelling behaviour incorporating coal property and structure anisotropy. The developed anisotropic swelling model is able to accurately describe the experimental data mentioned above, with one set of parameters to describe the coal's properties and matrix structure and three gas adsorption isotherms. This developed model is also applied to describe anisotropic swelling measurements from the literature where the model was found to provide excellent agreement with the measurement. The anisotropic coal swelling model is also applied to an anisotropic permeability model to describe permeability behaviour for primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. It was found that the permeability calculation applying anisotropic coal swelling differs significantly to the permeability calculated using isotropic volumetric coal swelling strain. This demonstrates that for coals with strong anisotropic swelling, anisotropic swelling and permeability models should be applied to more accurately describe coal permeability behaviour for both primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery processes. 相似文献
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煤相分析在煤储层评价中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
煤储层研究的重要内容是孔裂隙系统发育特征、渗透性及其空间不均一性特征。煤储层的孔裂隙特征决定煤储层的渗透性,而煤储层的孔裂隙特征主要取决于煤岩成分和煤级。对一个特定的煤层气田而言,煤级变化不大或者规律明显。煤岩成分往往成为控制煤储层渗透率分布不均性的主导因素。煤岩成分,包括有机显微组分和矿物质均受控于煤相。可以通过系统的煤相分析认识煤储层中煤岩成分、结构、层序等的空间展布特征,为科学预测煤储层的渗透率莫定基础。煤相分析在注重横向变化的同时,更强调垂向层序分析。 相似文献