共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 657 毫秒
1.
环境变化对黄河下游来水来沙的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文探讨了到下世纪中叶时，由于环境变化对黄河下游来水来沙的影响，考虑了三方面的因素，即：全球性变暖，温度、降水、径流和泥沙的长周期变化，和人类。最后得出，届时来水来沙将分别比目前减少１９％－２９．６％和增减＋２６．３％－－３４．０％。 相似文献
2.
沂河流域水文特征变化及其驱动因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以沂河流域为研究区,运用水文特征参数时间序列法,分析1951—2002年流域降水、径流、洪峰流量等水文要素的演化趋势,通过临沂站50年来天然径流过程的回归模拟及其与实测径流的比较,定量分析气候变化和人类活动对径流的影响。结果表明：近50年来沂河流域年径流量和各月径流量显著减少,并且对降水波动的响应迟缓,而单次暴雨径流对降水反应敏感;10年尺度的降水波动中,径流随着降水的多少而发生相对一致的变化趋势,降水变化在一定程度上控制着径流的演化;但是20世纪60年代中期以来,临沂站实测径流的平均值减少了149mm,占天然径流量年平均值的51．6％,气候变化和人类活动对径流减少的贡献率分别为39．3％和60．7％。水利工程建设、土地利用变化、水资源开发利用等人类活动对径流产生更为深刻的影响。流域可持续发展要求在遵循水循环自然规律的基础上合理约束人类活动。 相似文献
3.
上海旱地农田氮磷随地表径流流失研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
选择上海宝山罗店镇具有代表性的旱地蔬菜农田生态系统，从2004年3月到8月的近半年时间里，通过对径流及径流中侵蚀泥沙的氮磷流失情况的连续监测，研究了旱地农田施肥与氮磷流失污染之间的关系，探讨了农田氮磷的迁移特征及环境效应，主要结果表明：当季施用化肥的地表径流总流失量，总氮为32．77kg/hm^2，总磷为8．1kg／hm^2，随径流排出农田的氮素中有37．7％是当季施用的氮素化肥，磷素中有26．9％是当季施用的磷素化肥；从过量施肥与环境污染之间的“因”与“果”来看，减量15％施肥区相比常规施肥区的茄子的产量减少2．7％，但是其污染负荷却减少了13．4％，表明在化肥利用的有效性上或增施化肥与控制环境污染之间，应该寻找一个最佳的平衡点。 相似文献
4.
黄土丘陵区小流域土壤氮素流失规律 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以８．２７ｋｍ＾２纸坊沟流域和１：４００比例流域模型为研究对象,研究小流域土壤氮素随径流流失规律。结果表明：在模拟降雨下,当流域植被覆盖度分别为６０％、４０％、２０％和０时,流域模型土壤铵态氮流失量分别为８７．０８、４４．３１、２５．１６和１３．７１ｋｇ／ｋｍ＾２,硝态氮为８５．５０、７４．０５、６３．９５和５６．２３ｋｇ／ｋｍ＾２,全氮为０．８１、１．１８、１．９８和７．５１ｔ／ｋｍ＾２;在自然 相似文献
5.
利用流域月径流模型分析气候变化对东北国际河流的定量影响。对黑龙江流域边境地区典型子流域呼玛河和绥芬河流域进行月径流模拟计算。应用建立的径流模型丹析了气候变化情景下天然径流的可能响应。计算结果表明,在5种大气环流模式给出的二氧化碳浓度倍增条件(2030年)的气候变化情景下,由于气温、降水的变化,多年平均径流将增加或减少,幅度在-3.72％至 5.81％之间。 相似文献
6.
洮儿河流域中上游水循环要素变化及其原因 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
选取洮儿河流域中上游地区为研究区,分析1961～2000年期间径流、降水、气温等水文气象要素的演化趋势.采用特征参数时间序列法,初步探讨了气候变化与土地利用/覆被变化的径流效应,并通过洮南站40年天然径流与实测径流的比较,定量分析水资源开发利用对径流的影响.结果表明:降水、气温均呈一定的上升趋势,径流表现出先减少、后增加、再减少的趋势;年降水、年气温分别与天然年径流呈正相关和负相关的关系,然而这种影响随着时间序列的延长均有所减弱;近30年间,植被覆盖度降低可能是天然年径流增加的主要原因;水资源的开发利用导致1986～2000年期间的年径流减少5.8亿m3,占天然年径流量多年均值的37.1%. 相似文献
7.
本文介绍了国外对于亚马逊流域森林砍伐的气候变化所作的模拟试验。结果表明，一旦亚马逊流域森林砍伐殆尽，所的气候将为得更加干热，也就是说，亚马逊流域气候对其响应主要表现在水分循环的减弱上，即减少降水约２０％，减少蒸散约３０％，而地面温度将升高２．０－３．０℃，甚至当出现北非沙漠同样的情况时，降水可减少６０％。 相似文献
8.
遥感与GIS支持下的榆林地区土地利用动态变化研究 总被引：24，自引：9，他引：15
利用1986、1996和2000年人机交互解译的遥感影像资料,采用GIS空间分析技术,通过叠加3个不同时期的土地利用图,分析了榆林地区1986～2000年期间土地利用时空变化特征,同时还分析了榆林地区14年间沙地逆转恢复的情况。结果表明：1986～1996年期间土地利用变化主要表现为：沙地减少了22．25％,草地、林地和城乡居住建设用地分别增加了6．51％、4．63％和3．55％。1996～2000期间,沼泽地、盐碱地分别减少了26．11％、24．39％,沙地仅减少0．79％,草地减少了2．86％,林地仅增加了0．17％,而旱地增加了3．28％。城乡居住建设用地增加了14．13％。14年间沙地面积减少了128684．17hm^2,沙地净逆转为草地118872．99h^2、旱地3605．07hm^2、林地4049．52hm^2。 相似文献
9.
三江平原挠力河上游径流演变趋势及其驱动因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用Mann-Kendall检验法分析三江平原挠力河上游径流在1956~2002年间的演变趋势,结果表明,径流在1966年发生突变,将流域径流分为1956~1966年和1967~2002年两个阶段。应用统计方法分析气候要素和人类活动对径流减少的影响并借助IHACRES模型将影响量化,研究结果表明,在第一阶段,气候要素是导致径流减少的主要原因;在第二阶段,人类活动为主要原因,并且31%的年份径流较基准期减少50%以上,25%的年份径流较基准期减少30%~50%,25%的年份径流较基准期减少10%~30%。 相似文献
10.
11.
塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析 总被引：44，自引：2，他引：42
结合塔里木河流域近50年来水文、植被以及社会经济等方面的资料,采用趋势分析方法估算人为因素对流域地表径流的影响,通过相关和主成分分析等数学方法分析人类活动诸因子与流域地表径流和地下水质之间的关系。研究结果表明,塔里木河上游源流区的地表径流在过去的几十年里没有减少,且有一定程度的增加,塔里木河干流地表径流量减少是人类活动所致;人类活动在1970、1980和1990年代对流域上中游地表径流的影响量分别为41.59%、63.77%和75.15%;由人类活动所导致的地表径流量减少是影响河道水质发生变化的主导因子,而地下水位变化则影响灌区和非灌区地下水水质;塔里木河下游生态系统受损与人类活动直接相关。 相似文献
12.
1933~2012年无定河径流突变与周期特征诊断 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取黄河中游区实施水土保持最早的一级支流无定河流域,利用滑动-T、曼-肯德尔和山本等3种突变检测方法相互验证,确定了在受人类活动显著影响下,径流的突变年份为1972年,自此径流平均减少3.55×108m3;基于径流突变前降水与径流的显著相关性,并借助地统计克里格空间插值法,重建1933~2012年无定河流域出口控制水位站天然径流变化序列。采用小波分析法诊断天然径流序列的周期变化,结果显示：天然年径流存在6个不同时间尺度的“丰-枯”演变特征,其平均周期分别对应着35.5、22.2、16.8、12.2、9.3和3.3 a。 相似文献
13.
The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Jiang Chang Jingbao Li Dianqing Lu Xiang Zhu Chengzhi Lu Yueyun Zhou Chuxiong Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting
Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring
amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher
than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and
2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into
the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered
by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity
of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive
years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of
birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased
by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,
some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining
the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
14.
CHANG Jiang LI Jingbao LU Dianqing ZHU Xiang LU Chengzhi ZHOU Yueyun DENG Chuxiong 《地理学报》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
15.
16.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):533-545
A GIS-based distributed-parameter runoff simulation model for the Struma River Basin in southwestern Bulgaria calculates the monthly snow/rain proportion, direct or surface runoff, snow cover and snowmelt, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and total runoff. Simulation during the Bulgarian hydrologic year from November to October was compared with observed runoff data. The model closely replicates mean monthly runoff from climate conditions during the years 1961 –1990 as well as specific years. The simplified GIS model simulates hydrologic processes under limited data availability. 相似文献
17.
等高活篱笆技术提高坡地持续生产力探讨*—以三峡库区为例 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
控制坡面水土流失和土地退化,是坡地资源持续利用的关键,也是解决三峡库区移民安置的主要途径之一。在三峡库区所进行的等高活篱笆技术试验表明,这种技术对增加土壤有机质含量、延缓径流及控制土壤流失具有十分明显的作用。篱笆植物新银合欢、马桑和黄荆都是著名的绿肥植物,每年从活篱笆上修剪下的枝叶可分别为篱间地的土壤提供24000kg/hm2、8400kg/hm2和31500kg/hm2的绿肥。营养元素含量较高的新银合欢,每公顷所产绿肥含纯氮素924kg,磷48kg,钾504kg.在坡面上沿等高线种植的篱笆带密闭以后,可以起到削减径流量,延缓产流过程,增加土壤入渗,并可拦截径流中大部分的土粒。由于篱笆带阻挡了各种因素造成的土壤沿坡面下移,篱间地的坡度不断降低。这些对坡地持续生产力的提高都具有积极的意义。 相似文献
18.
《地理学报(英文版)》2010,(5)
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008,the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation.The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji,and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter;2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately;3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively;4) in Dongting Lake,the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%,in flood season,the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value,leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year.The former prolonged the lake life,while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years,shortage of drinking and industrial water,shipping insecurity,as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis;5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%,the embankments were protected effectively.Then,to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,some suggestions were put forward,such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir,reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation,and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
19.
C. Gregory Knight Heejun Chang Marieta P. Staneva Deyan Kostov 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(4):533-545
A GIS‐based distributed‐parameter runoff simulation model for the Struma River Basin in southwestern Bulgaria calculates the monthly snow/rain proportion, direct or surface runoff, snow cover and snowmelt, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and total runoff. Simulation during the Bulgarian hydrologic year from November to October was compared with observed runoff data. The model closely replicates mean monthly runoff from climate conditions during the years 1961 –1990 as well as specific years. The simplified GIS model simulates hydrologic processes under limited data availability. 相似文献