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1.
利用1958～1997年NCEP/NCAR一日四次的风场再分析资料,系统地分析了季节平均西风角动量（即u角动量）经向、垂直输送通量及其三个分量（平均经圈环流、定常波、瞬变涡输送通量）的气候特征,特别是讨论了12～2月、6～8月它们与东、西风带、副热带西风急流、极夜急流之间的联系。结果表明:（1）包含纬度因子的角动量通量与动量通量在高纬地区存在显著差别,高纬对流层上部的强动量输送中心在角动量通量中不明显。而u角动量强经向输送主要在中低纬对流层顶附近和冬半球高纬平流层顶附近,副热带西风急流和极夜西风急流均位于u角动量强向极输送中心及其高纬一侧的辐合区中。（2）发现三个输送分量对急流维持的作用随纬度、季节不同。北半球冬季（夏季）的副热带西风急流主要由平均经圈环流（强度相当的定常波和瞬变涡）强经向输送及辐合维持;南半球西风急流全年均由平均经圈环流和瞬变涡旋输送及辐合维持;冬半球中平流层极夜急流主要由定常波、瞬变涡旋输送及其辐合共同维持。（3）热带东风区是牵连角动量（即Ω角动量）的高值区,它主要由平均经圈环流向对流层上部输送;冬半球副热带及中纬西风区存在u角动量垂直输送的切变区,它主要由平均经圈环流和瞬变涡旋完成;热带对流层顶附近有u角动量的定常波弱向下输送。 相似文献
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北半球冬季副热带高压带维持的涡度机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用涡度平衡方程讨论北半球冬季副热带高压的维持,计算发现,30°N副热带高压带地区,大型扰动所造成的涡度输送的辐散是维持这地区反气旋涡度的主要因子,这种辐散作用所造成的反气旋涡度主要发生在对流层上层,平均经圈环流对地转祸度的输送可以把它引导到对流层下层来。此外,我们还根据涡度输送的计算,讨论了西风急流的维持。向北的扰动涡度输送在45°N上空达极大值,因此它对中纬度西风和纬向平均急流的维持起着重要作用。但30°N上空,扰动的涡度输送为零,而平均经圈环流对地转涡度和相对涡度的输送都比较大,因此,可以认为副热带急流是在平均经圈环流作用下维持的。 相似文献
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非均匀风场与急流强迫的水体涡旋动力特征模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过数值模拟有限区域水气界面由强迫作用驱动形成的水体涡旋及环流动力结构特征,分析非均匀风场、水体急流、两者叠加以及环境边界和地转偏向力等因子的综合影响,探讨此类水体涡旋结构和动力特征。风应力驱动的水体涡旋尺度大,相对深厚,正涡旋具有下凹表面,负涡旋具有上凸表面。水体急流驱动的涡旋形成在急流两侧,对应急流所在深度及厚度尺度相对较小,也较浅,但流速与强度均大于风场驱动的涡旋环流。地形阻挡起着引导涡旋环流走向的作用;同时在北半球地转偏向力对急流侧向负涡旋形成和强度增强更为有利。此外正涡旋对应的辐合辐散势函数强于负涡旋,有利于正涡旋区垂直上升运动强于负涡旋中垂直下沉运动。非均匀风场及水体急流两种强迫叠加作用下,涡旋数量增加、尺度减小,底层的流场形态及强度与表层差异增大。形成的水体涡旋结构呈现多种形态：深厚的整层一致;浅薄的仅维持在上层,或上下层环流相反等。风应力驱动的涡旋以正压性为主,水体急流驱动的涡旋因急流的垂直强切变而具有强的斜压性,在正斜压动能的转换中,正压性涡旋区有斜压动能向正压动能转换,斜压性涡旋区有正压动能向斜压动能转换,均有利于这两个区域正负涡旋的维持。 相似文献
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大气环流的季节变化和季风 总被引：45，自引：13，他引：32
利用多年平均气候资料计算了全球各地和各等压面上的大气环流季节变率（即冬季和夏季环流之差或者1月和7月环流之差再除以年平均）,发现在对流层低层环流有5个很突出的季节变率极大值的区域,分别位于热带和南北两半球的副热带和中-高纬度带（温-寒带）,它们分别对应于经典所谓的热带季风区,太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的副热带高 压季节性移动区域,以及温-寒带气旋的风暴轴线区域。这5个区域也可分别称为热带季风区、副热带季风区和温-寒带季风区。季节变率带有鲜明的斜压性:在对流层低层热带季风和副热带季风虽相互连接然而仍然明显可分,但越往上,副热带季风一支就越往低纬移动,结果在200 hPa处与热带季风混合为一,形成为斜交赤道的带,和所谓的行星季风区相对应;再往上,在平流层上层,则南北两半球各在中纬度带有一完好的非常鲜明的季节变率极大值带,它们与黑夜急流的维持和崩溃有关。此外,文中还探索了各季节来临的时空分布以及年际变化等问题。 相似文献
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长江中下游严重旱涝时期大气环流以及热源和水汽汇的异常 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用 1980-1997年 6-8月 NECP／NCAR月平均资料，计算了大气热源和水汽汇，研究了我国长江中下游夏季严重旱涝时期大气环流以及大气热源和水汽汇的异常特征，主要结果如下： 在对流层中下层，来自于孟加拉湾和南海的南风异常和长江流域以北的北风异常在长江中下游辐合。这两股异常气流分别与西太平洋上反气旋异常系统（中心位于22°N，140°E）和气旋异常系统（中心位于日本海）有关。在对流层高层，反气旋异常系统中心位于23°N，105°E，气旋异常系统中心位于朝鲜，两异常系统之间的西北异常气流在长江中下游辐散。而在印度西南季风区为偏东风异常，表示西南季风的减弱； 长江中下游严重干旱时，在对流层中下层，长江以北南风异常和长江以南北风异常从长江流域辐散，在以东的洋面上形成东风异常气流。这两股异常气流分别与酉太平洋上气旋异常系统（中心位于23°N，135°E）和西北太平洋上反气旋异常系统有关。在对流层高层，气旋异常系统中心位于南海，反气旋异常系统中心位于日本海，两异常系统之间的偏东异常气流在长江中下游辐合。 热源异常的最主要特征是长江中下游严重洪涝时从西太平洋到南海热源异常为负，表示热源偏弱；正热源异常位于长江流域。而长江中下游严重干旱时热源异常正好相反。垂直 相似文献
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夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送的源区、路径及其时间尺度的模拟研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
基于NCEP/NCAR分析资料和拉格朗日轨迹输送模式FLEXPART, 通过气块轨迹计算, 对2005年夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送 (Troposphere to Stratosphere Transport, 简称TST) 的近地层源区、 输送路径及其时间尺度问题进行了一些初步探讨。结果表明: (1) 夏季亚洲季风区TST两个主要的边界层源区, 一个是热带西太平洋地区; 另一个是青藏高原南部、 孟加拉湾以及印度半岛中北部等地区, 上述两个区域与夏季强对流的分布相一致。在对流层顶高度附近 (约16 km高度), 两个近地层源区的垂直输送贡献相当。但进一步分析发现, 穿越对流层顶高度的质量输送只有约10％能够进入20～22 km高度的平流层中, 且主要源于以青藏高原南侧为代表的南亚季风区 (约贡献75%), 这进一步强调了青藏高原及其周边区域在全球TST过程中的重要地位。 (2) 轨迹分析显示, 夏季亚洲季风区对流层进入平流层的 “入口区” 主要在 (25°N～35°N, 90°E～110°E) 区域的青藏高原及其周边区域。TST路径受对流层上层南亚高压闭合环流、 北半球副热带西风急流和赤道东风急流的共同控制。 (3) 亚洲季风区TST两个主要的过程, 一个是和夏季湿对流抬升直接联系的快速输送过程, 它可以使近地层大气在1～2天内输送到平流层中, 贡献了整个TST的10%～30%; 另一个是大气辐射加热所致的大尺度垂直输送, 该输送是一个相对的慢过程, 时间尺度一般为5～30天。此结果意味着, 源于地表的短生命周期的大气污染物可通过光化学反应过程对该区域平流层臭氧及其他大气痕量成分平衡产生重要影响。 相似文献
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本文分析了1988年深秋华南异常多雨的两次降水过程。发现过程开始之前都有一个西太平洋热带气旋以西北西路径移入南海中、北部,后受强东北季风影响在110°E附近减弱。热带气旋残余云团与东移的南支槽槽前云带结合,造成连雨过程。南支槽东移过程中,副高脊在南海加强,以及对流层上层西风急流南移,对降水的加强和维持有一定作用。 相似文献
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梅雨末期暴雨过程中高低空环流的耦合——数值实验 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
一次梅雨末期暴雨过程的数值实验结果表明:模式较好地预报了西南涡的发展,暴雨区与高低空西风急流和南亚东风急流在空间上的联系。对流层上下层的耦合主要发生在低空急流和南亚东风急流之间。以北部上升,南部下沉的反环流为主要特征。无潜热加热模式也模拟出上述特征,说明梅雨期的大尺度环流系统一部分是斜压与大地形强迫的结果,而在暴雨区内的垂直耦合很弱,上升运动减小一个量级。潜热加热极大地增强了垂直反坏流。相应的对流层下层向北的横向运动增强低空急流,对流层上层向南的横向运动增强南亚东风急流。增强了的低空急流和南亚东风急流,通过动量-质量的调整,有利于反环流的维持。 梅雨末期的暴雨过程中,低空急流和南亚高空急流的耦合是重要的。而潜热释放增强了这种耦合。 相似文献
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采用NCEP CFS 0.5°×0.5°的再分析资料,中国气象局常规地面观测资料和FY 2E卫星TBB资料对2013年7月上旬的一次引发强降水过程的东北冷涡典型个例进行了深入分析和诊断,研究表明:（1）本例冷涡的发展期是其降水和对流活动的最活跃时期,其对应的最小TBB在-60℃以下,最强6 h降水可达124 mm,南海、黄海和日本海是冷涡降水的主要水汽源地。（2）本例东北冷涡是一个深厚的斜压涡旋系统,其最强斜压区和动能大值区主要位于涡旋外围;冷涡的冷心结构主要位于对流层中高层和对流层低层。（3）涡度收支表明,与对流活动密切相关的垂直涡度平流是本次冷涡产生的主导因子;涡度垂直输送和辐合作用是冷涡快速发展的主导因子;而辐散作用则最终导致了冷涡的消亡。（4）能量收支表明,旋转风动能制造是冷涡生成过程中动能的主要产生方式,而冷涡发展期,旋转风动能输送是冷涡动能维持的主导因子。 相似文献
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南海至西太平洋一带夏季低空越赤道气流和季风的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文对南海至西太平洋一带夏季低空越赤道气流的情况和西南季风的来源,进行了初步研究。发现:(1)就气候平均而言,东非低空急流的影响范围,包括印度南部、孟加拉湾南部直到中南半岛南部和南海南部。在这一范围内,夏季月平均西南季风强度的年际变化十分一致;(2)夏季在中南半岛南部、南海南部,西南季风的主要来源是上游印度、孟加拉湾地区,直接来自南半球的气流比重不大。而热带西北太平洋的西南季风,则主要来自南半球;(3)在110-140°E 的赤道地区,并不存在一支主要的越赤道气流;(4)在150°E 附近的新几内亚东岸,有一条越赤道气流的通道。热带西北太平洋的西南季风,主要就是这支越赤道气流转向而成(但似乎要求这支气流的南风分量强度超过某一下限,即存在一阈值,才能对西北太平洋的西南季风变化有影响)。新几内亚岛上的山脉,对南半球东南信风的阻挡,是形成这支越赤道气流的重要原因之一;(5)大致在15°N 以南的南亚至西北太平洋地区,其西南季风主要由二支气流构成:一支在非洲东岸附近越过赤道,成为东非低空急流,经印度南部,往下游一直影响到南海南部;另一支在新几内亚东岸附近越过赤道,转向成西南气流影响西北太平洋。 相似文献
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The influence of the interannual variation of cross-equatorial flow(CEF) on tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific(WNP) is examined in this paper by using the tropical cyclone(TC) best track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the JRA-25 reanalysis dataset. The results showed that the number of TCs forming to the east of 140°E over the southeastern part of the western North Pacific(WNP) is in highly positive correlation with the variation of the CEF near 125° E and 150° E, i.e., the number of tropical cyclogeneses increases when the cross-equatorial flows are strong. Composite analyses showed that during the years of strong CEF, the variations of OLR, vertical wind shear between 200-850 h Pa, 850 h Pa relative vorticity and 200 h Pa divergence are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis to the east of 140°E over the tropical WNP, and vice versa. Moreover, it is also discussed from the view of barotropic energy conversion that during the years of strong CEF, an eastward-extended monsoon trough leads to the rapid growth of eddy kinetic energy over the eastern part of WNP, which is favorable for tropical cyclogenesis;but during the years of weak CEF, the monsoon trough is located westward in the western part of the WNP, consistent with the growth area of eddy kinetic energy. As a result, there are fewer TC geneses over the eastern part of WNP.Besides, the abrupt strengthening of a close-by CEF 2-4 days before tropical cyclogenesis may be the one of its triggers. 相似文献
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Summary Lower tropospheric (1000–500) hPa kinetic energy (KE), temporal variations of KE and nonlinear KE transfer of rotational and divergent flows and energy conversion between them, partitioning further into stationary and transient components in the Fourier spectral domain and the mechanism for the evolution of significant transient waves for the month July 1979 in the latitudinal belt 10° S–30° N are studied.Divergent zonal and eddy KE show their maxima at the lowest level 1000 hPa. Lower tropospheric monsoon motion provides a non-divergent level close to 850 hPa. The daily flow patterns bear little resemblence to the climatology over tropics at 500 hPa. Although the transient mode of synoptic scale waves is stronger than that of planetary scale waves they are comparable. Analysis of energetics over global tropics can get signature of transient activities embedded in the large scale system. Summer momentum flux in the lower troposphere is essentially associated with stationary planetary and transient synoptic scale waves. Waves 1, 3 and 6 are the most preferred transient waves. Divergent to rotational KE conversion is the most dominating mechanism for the maintenance of planetary and synoptic scale waves. All categories of waves contribute towards the maintenance of zonal flows. The primary source of energy for transient synoptic scale waves is the transient divergent rotational KE transfer whereas the interaction between zonal stationary and transient wave is likely to be secondary source. Transient KE and all transient interactions, stationary KE and all stationary interactions are found to be strongest at 500 hPa and 850 hPa respectively. Growth and decay of transient waves 1 and 3 are mainly controlled by divergent-rotational KE conversions whereas those of transient wave 6 are controlled by KE transfer due to zonal-wave interaction.With 13 Figures 相似文献
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Variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis methods are applied to analyze the
variation of circulation at 500 hPa. In winter, there are three regions (180°E – 150°W, 45°N – 60°N, 70°W – 100
°W，45°N – 75°N, 60°E – 100°E, 65°N – 80°N) whose variations are strong. Those regions are the key regions in
which atmospheric circulation can change. Those regions are correlated to some teleconnections and can present
a part of variations of 500 hPa to some degree. The linear contemporary correlation between those regions and the
height at 500 hPa is significant. Those regions can account for 88 % of variations of concurrent height at 500 hPa.
Those regions can present and forecast some variations to some degree in March and April. The longer the time
interval, the worse the forecast effect will be. The interannual variations of Q1, Q2 and the SST are weak in the
western Pacific. 相似文献
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Characteristics of Zonal Propagation of Atmospheric Kinetic Energy at Equatorial Region in Asia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1980 to 1997, the zonal propagations of 850 hPa kinetic energy (KE) and meridional wind (v) at equatorial region are examined respectively. Results show that the strongest center of KE in the tropical Asian monsoon region is located at 75°-90°E, with the secondary over the Somalia low-level jet channel, i.e., about 50°E. East to 90°E, disturbances of both KE and v observed are mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean and propagating westward to the Bay of Bengal (BOB) passing through the South China Sea. But the propagation directions of both KE and v are rather disorderly between the BOB and the Somalia jet channel. Therefore, the East Asian summer monsoon and the Indian summer monsoon are different in the propagating features of the disturbances of KE and v. Above facts indicate that East Asian monsoon system exists undoubtedly even at the equatorial region, and quite distinct from the Indian monsoon system, it is mainly affected by the disturbances coming from the tropical western Pacific rather than from the Indian monsoon region. The boundary of the two monsoon systems is around 95°-100°E, which is more westward than the counterpart as proposed in earlier studies by 5-10 degrees in longitude. 相似文献
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本文根据中国科学院“实验3号”科学考察船1986年10月至12月在菲律宾以东60多万平方公里辽阔的西太平洋热带海域6个连续测站上(146°E,0°;145°E,0°;150°E,0°;140°E,5°N;145°E,5°N;150°E,5°N),使用我国自行研制的小型系留气艇探测系统观测到的大气温度、湿度、气压和风等廓线资料,利用相似理论的通量-廓线关系,给出这一海域的动量通量(特别是曳力系数C_D)、感热通量和潜热通量。结果表明,这一海域上的曳力系数值C_D=(1.53±0.25)×10~(-3);该海域总是将其贮存的热量以感热形式特别是以潜热形式输送到大气中(其中感热输送仅占10％,其余主要为水汽潜热输送),使该海域成为地球上不可多见的热源。 相似文献
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B. Alijani 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2002,72(1-2):41-54
Summary In order to explore the spatial and temporal variations of 500 hPa flow patterns and their relationship with the climate
of Iran, monthly mean geopotential heights for the region 0° E to 70° E and 20° N to 50° N, at 5 degree resolution, were analysed.
The study period covered the winter months October to March during the period 1961–90. The monthly height of the 500 hPa level
was averaged along each meridian from 25° N to 45° N. The height of the mean monthly pressure pattern was mapped against the
study years. The results showed that the characteristics of the 500 hPa flow pattern varied over monthly and annual time scales.
Principal Component Analysis, with S-mode and Varimax rotation, was also used to reduce the gridded data to 5 (6 in October)
significant factors. The factor scores for each month were then correlated with monthly Z-scores of precipitation and temperature
anomalies over Iran. The results showed that troughs and ridges located close to Iran had more influence on the climate of
Iran. Two troughs were identified and named the Caspian and Syrian troughs.
Received April 12, 2001 Revised July 24, 2001 相似文献
19.
Based on calculations of data from FGGE Level III b, a discussion is made of the energy balance in the 40－50 day periodic oscillation over the Asian monsoon region during the 1979 summer. It is found that the main source of 40－50 day periodic perturbation is the monsoon region extending from central South Asia to Southeast Asia. In the upper layer over the North Pacific subtropical area (10－20oN, 150oE－150oW) pres-sure work turns into kinetic energy that maintains 40－50 day periodic perturbation associated with the variation in position and intensity of the mid-Pacific trough. The mean energy budget in the three-dimensional space (0－30oE, 30oE－150oW, 100－1000 hPa) indicates that the 40－50 day periodic perturbation transports kinetic energy to a seasonal mean and a transient perturbation wind field. 相似文献
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RESEARCH ON INTERANNUAL CHANGE ABOUT TELECONNECTION OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN SUMMER DURING 1980s OVER THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In the paper the 5°×10°latitude-longitude grid point data of daily 500 hPa geopotential height over the NorthernHemisphere(NH)in summer(June—August)during 1980s are used.The base point(20°N,120°E)is selected to calcu-late point correlation between the base point and other grid points.We find that the summer heat source anomaly of thetropical western Pacific causes anomaly of summer general circulation over NH and teleconnection of general circula-tion similar to PNA pattern forms from East Asia to North America.The teleconnections show great interannualchanges. 相似文献