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近50年阜新地区沙尘天气变化分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1951～2000年阜新地区沙尘天气资料，对影响阜新地区沙尘天气的年、月分布特征进行分析，得出阜新地区近50a沙尘天气的气候特征及变化趋势。 相似文献
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利用 1951～2000年阜新地区沙尘天气资料 ,对影响阜新地区沙尘天气的年、月分布特征进行分析 ,得出阜新地区近 50a沙尘天气的气候特征及变化趋势 相似文献
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江苏地区沙尘天气时空特征及气候变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用江苏省59个测站1960-2006年的沙尘天气观测资料,通过时间序列线性变化趋势、小波分析等方法,研究了江苏沙尘天气的时空分布及年际和年代际变化特征.结果表明:江苏沙尘天气在空间上呈北多南少、西多东少,年发生频数差异明显的特征;47 a江苏年沙尘日数年际变化明显,总频次呈减少趋势,沙尘强度呈减弱趋势;江苏沙尘天气季节分布不均匀,3-4月份为多沙尘月,6-10月基本没有沙尘天气发生,11月后沙尘天气开始增多;从小波分析的结果看,江苏沙尘天气具有2、4、6、8 a的年际周期变化和11、20 a左右的年代际周期振荡,其中8 a和20 a周期振荡是主要特征,20 a的周期振荡贯穿始终. 相似文献
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陕西沙尘天气的气候特征及影响分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用1971～2000年30年陕西94个气象站气象观测资料，根据中国气象局《沙尘天气预警业务服务暂行规定》中的有关规定对陕西沙尘天气及其所包含的沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘三种天气的时、空分布特点和变化特征分别进行了分析，并对其影响做简单论述。分析结果表明：陕西沙尘天气北部多南部少，沙尘暴主要出现在陕北；陕北北部沙尘天气以扬沙为最多，陕北南部、关中、陕南以浮尘为最多；陕西沙尘天气冬春季多，夏秋季较少，尤以4月最多，9月最少；陕西沙尘天气30年来呈减少趋势，其中，沙尘暴减少趋势最明显，浮尘减少趋势较小。 相似文献
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辽宁春季沙尘天气特征及前期影响因子研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961～2003年辽宁53个气象观测站春季沙尘天气资料，分析了辽宁沙尘天气的时空分布特征，探讨了500HPa高度场、海温场、地温、月平均气温及环流特征量等多种气候因子对辽宁沙尘天气的影响。研究表明：前期春季东亚至北太平洋地区的正高度距平控制、赤道东太平洋海温偏低、前冬2月气温偏低和地温的下降，对辽宁沙尘天气日数的增加贡献很大。尤其是沈阳北部和阜新地区沙尘天气出现的多或少受这几种气候因子的影响最为明显。 相似文献
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2002年春季我国沙尘天气特征及成因分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用逐日8个时次地面天气图资料，分析了2002年春季(3～5月)全国沙尘天气的时空分布特征。结果表明：2002年春季我国出现了12次沙尘天气过程，其中强沙尘暴过程有4次；北方地区有3个沙尘暴多发中心；与过去45年相比，北方大部地区的沙尘天气较同期偏少，但浑善达克沙地周边地区却明显偏多。另外，沙尘天气还具有早春多于晚春、高频期集中、影响范围广、强度强等明显特点。进一步分析表明，前期我国北方持续气温偏高降水偏少，大大降低了浅层土壤墒情，地表干燥，3月及4月上中旬，冷空气又频繁影响我国，从而导致沙尘天气接连不断爆发，4月下旬以后，我国北方几次较明显的降水过程很好地抑制了沙尘天气的形成。 相似文献
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我国近30年龙卷风研究进展 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
从3方面总结了龙卷风研究成果:①研究概况,最初的龙卷风灾后调查到开展天气气候特征分析至近年来开展龙卷风本体结构、产生机制的探讨,获得了丰硕成果;②研究方法提高,从事实调查到利用统计方法,从利用台站常规观测资料到运用卫星、多普勒雷达、风廓线仪等非常规资料开展分析,近年数值模式WRF、ARPS等也被用来研究龙卷风,研究的方法手段不断得到改进;③龙卷风研究、预报面临的困难和未来展望。 相似文献
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城市气象研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国数十年来在城市气象研究这一新兴学科领域开展了大量研究并获得了多方面的丰硕成果。文中从城市气象观测网与观测试验、城市气象多尺度模式、城市气象与大气环境相互影响、城市化对天气气候的影响等4个方面论述了城市气象的主要研究进展:中国各大城市已建立或正在完善具有多平台、多变量、多尺度、多重链接、多功能等特点的城市气象综合观测网;北京、南京、上海等地开展了大型城市气象观测科学试验,被世界气象组织列入研究示范项目;成功开展了风洞实验、缩尺度外场实验研究;建立了多尺度城市气象和空气质量预报数值模式,并应用于业务;在城市热岛效应、城市对降水影响、城市气象与城市规划、城市化对区域气候及空气质量的影响、城市气象与大气环境相互作用等研究领域取得长足进展。最后指出,未来需要重点从新观测技术及观测资料同化应用、城市系统模式研究、城市化对天气气候的影响机理、城市化对大气环境和人体健康的影响、城市水文气象气候与环境综合服务等方面开展科学研究与应用,为中国城市化、生态文明建设、防灾减灾和应对气候变化等国家需求提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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由于全球变暖,极地地区的气候经历了明显的变暖放大.在本项研究中,我们根据CMIP6模式的三种变暖情景(SSP1-2,6,SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5)下,极地放大变化对各个反馈机制(包括普朗克,温度递减率,云,水蒸气,反照率反馈,CO2强迫,海洋热吸收和大气热传输)的响应进行了分析.结果表明,通过用“辐射核”方法... 相似文献
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Trends in Temperature Extremes in Association with Weather-Intraseasonal Fluctuations in Eastern China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Trends in the frequencies of four temperature extremes (the occurrence of warm days, cold days, warm nights and cold nights) with respect to a modulated annual cycle (MAC), and those associated exclusively with weather-intraseasonal fluctuations (WIF) in eastern China were investigated based on an updated homogenized daily maximum and minimum temperature dataset for 1960–2008. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method was used to isolate the WIF, MAC, and longer-term components from the temperature series. The annual, winter and summer occurrences of warm (cold) nights were found to have increased (decreased) significantly almost everywhere, while those of warm (cold) days have increased (decreased) in northern China (north of 40°N). However, the four temperature extremes associated exclusively with WIF for winter have decreased almost everywhere, while those for summer have decreased in the north but increased in the south. These characteristics agree with changes in the amplitude of WIF. In particular, winter WIF of maximum temperature tended to weaken almost everywhere, especially in eastern coastal areas (by 10%–20%); summer WIF tended to intensify in southern China by 10%–20%. It is notable that in northern China, the occurrence of warm days has increased, even where that associated with WIF has decreased significantly. This suggests that the recent increasing frequency of warm extremes is due to a considerable rise in the mean temperature level, which surpasses the effect of the weakening weather fluctuations in northern China. 相似文献
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Recent advances in monsoon studies in China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This review provides a synopsis of the major progress that has been made in monsoon studies in China and to further bridge the gap between the Chinese and international meteorological community. It consists of seven major sections. After the introduction, the second section begins with the global monsoon systems and their seasonal variation, based on some new methods proposed in recent years. Besides, some major intraseasonal features of East Asian monsoon, including the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon are discussed. In the third section, we review the interactions between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon, focusing in particular on the results of Chinese meteorologists that indicate the influence of ENSO on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) is obviously different from that on the tropical monsoon. Besides the tropical Pacific,other ocean basins, such as the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, are also important to the East Asian monsoon, and this topic is discussed in the fourth section. In the fifth section, we address the role of land surface processes in East Asian monsoon. For example, we describe work that has shown more snow cover in spring on the Tibetan Plateau is followed by a weakened EASM and more summer rainfall in the Yangtze River valleys. The sixth section focuses on the influence of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) on EASM, demonstrating how the signal from the SH is likely to provide new clues for the seasonal forecasting of summer rainfall in China. Finally, in the seventh section, we concentrate on the interdecadal variations of EASM. In particular, we look at a significant interdecadal variation that occurred at the end of the 1970 s, and how our understanding of this feature could affect forecasting ability. 相似文献
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利用河南省103个气象站的降水量和各省辖市的水资源资料,分析了河南省1956-2007年降水和水资源变化特点,对降水资源量和水资源量进行了丰枯评估;分别采用线性相关法和产水系数法以降水量估算水资源量,并对估算效果进行了对比分析。结果表明：1) 52年来河南省年降水资源量呈不明显的减少趋势,减少速率为2.32亿m3/10a;省内不同区域降水资源量的变化趋势不太一致,豫北、豫西和豫中为减少趋势,豫东、豫西南和豫南呈不同程度的增加趋势。2) 52年来全省水资源总量呈减少趋势,减少速率为10.85亿m3/10a,大于降水资源量的减少速率,省内各区域水资源量均呈弱减少趋势,减少速率为豫西最大,豫北次之,豫中最少;全省水资源总量的年代际变化特点与降水资源量基本一致。3) 水资源总量与降水量关系密切,用年降水量估算水资源总量,平均相对误差为10%～22%;将线性相关法和产水系数法两种估算模式分别用于不同丰枯程度年景的估算,可减小估算误差。 相似文献
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A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events. In this study, we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM_1 and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014. Our results show that both PM_1 and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time, with high PM_1 loadings mainly observed in the winter. By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes, we find that the elevated PM_1 mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter(OM) and inorganic aerosols like sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA),indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM_1 pollution levels. The ratios of PM_1/PM_(2.5) are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou, while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi'an and Chengdu, indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles. With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices, we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM_1 variations, though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM. 相似文献
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近44年南京温度变化的特征及其可能原因的分析 总被引：57，自引：1，他引：56
利用1957～2000年的气候观测资料,研究南京的平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度和平均日较差及炎热日和寒冷日的变化趋势和特点,并分析可能的原因;以滁县和溧阳为对比城市站,分析了三种不同类型城市温度变化的异同.结果表明,近44年来南京平均温度显著上升,其中冬季增暖幅度最大,但夏季呈变凉趋势.与全国平均温度相比,线性变化趋势大体相似,但也存在一定差别.最高温度趋势与平均温度一致,夏季降温更为明显;最低温度除夏季外增暖都非常显著,表明气候变暖在最低温度上表现更加明显;年和各季日较差均明显减小;炎热日和寒冷日趋于减少,其开始和结束时间较以前有明显提前.大气环流系统的变异和调整可能是温度显著升高的直接原因.同样,长江中下游夏季降水天气增多、云量增加、日照时间减少以及伴随的温度下降可能也与环流系统的调整有关.南京与滁县、溧阳的温度差值分别为减小趋势或趋势变化不明显.三种类型城市增暖幅度的相对大小存在着年代际差异.由于不同类型城市间温度变化差异的复杂特点及其所反映出的城市化影响的复杂性,在研究温度变化和考虑城市化的影响时,不仅要考虑大城市,还应该充分注意中、小城市的发展所带来的影响. 相似文献
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This study analyzes the relationships of stable isotopes in precipitation with temperature, air pressure and humidity at different altitudes, and the potential influencing mechanisms of control factors on the stable isotopes in precipitation in Southwest China. There appear marked negative correlations of the δ18O in precipitation with precipitation amount, vapor pressure and atmospheric precipitable water (PW)at the Mengzi, Simao and Tengchong stations on the synoptic timescale; the marked negative correlations between the δ18O in precipitation and the diurnal mean temperature at 400 hPa, 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850hPa are different from the temperature effect in middle-high-latitude inland areas. In addition, the notable positive correlation between the δ18O in precipitation and the dew-point deficit △Td at different altitudes is found at the three stations. Precipitation is not the only factor generating an amount effect. Probably,the amount effect is related to the variations of atmospheric circulation and vapor origins. On the annual timescale, the annual precipitation amount weighted-mean δ18O displays negative correlations not only with annual precipitation but also with annual mean temperature at 500 hPa. It can be deduced that, in the years with an abnormally strong summer monsoon, more warm and wet air from low-latitude oceans is transported northward along the vapor channel located in Southwest China and generates abnormally strong rainfall on the way. Meanwhile, the abnormally strong condensation process will release more condensed latent heat in the atmosphere, and this will lead to a rise of atmospheric temperature during rainfall but a decline of δ18O in the precipitation. On the other hand, in the years with an abnormally weak summer monsoon, the precipitation and the atmospheric temperature during rainfalls decrease abnormally but the δ18O in precipitation increases. 相似文献
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利用中国691个无缺测站点的经均一化处理及质量控制的逐日最高、最低气温资料,基于冷昼日数、冷夜日数、霜冻日数、冰冻日数、月最低气温极大值以及月最低气温极小值等6个由世界气象组织定义的极端气温指数,分析了1961~2014年中国冬季的极端低温变化特征。结果表明:冷昼日数、冷夜日数、霜冻日数以及冰冻日数在全国大部分地区均呈现下降的趋势,下降趋势较为明显的区域集中在东北南部、华北、西北东部、华东、华中、西南及高原地区,全国整体上下降幅度分别为-0.9 d/10 a、-1.7 d/10 a、-1.5 d/10a和-1.4 d/10 a。最低气温极大值和最低气温极小值在全国范围内则主要呈现上升的趋势,全国整体上分别为0.4℃/10 a和0.6℃/10 a;极端低温天数在20世纪60年代至70年代中后期呈现波动状,随后自20世纪70年代末80年代初至21世纪初呈明显下降趋势,从2006年左右以后其下降趋势较之前有所减缓,是对全球变暖减缓背景下的气候响应;与其他时间段相比,20世纪60年代至70年代为冬季极端低温事件较为频发的时间段,这可能与该时段陆地冷高压频繁活动有关。 相似文献