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1.
Installation of buttress walls against diaphragm walls has been used as an alternative measure for the protection of adjacent buildings during excavation, but their mechanism in reducing movements has not yet been fully understood. This study performs three-dimensional finite element analyses of two excavation case histories, one in clay with T-shape buttress walls and another in dominant sand with rectangular buttress walls, to establish analysis model. Then, a series of parametric study were performed by varying soil types, types and length of buttress walls based on the above-mentioned excavations. Results show that the mechanism of buttress walls in reducing wall deflections mainly came from the frictional resistance between the side surface of buttress wall and adjacent soil rather than from the combined bending stiffness from diaphragm and buttress walls. The buttress wall with a length <2.0 m had a poor effect in reducing the wall deflection because the soil adjacent to the buttress wall had almost the same amount of movement as the buttress wall, causing the frictional resistance little mobilized. Since the frictional resistance of buttress walls in a deep excavation has fully been mobilized prior to the final excavation depth, the efficiency of buttress walls in reducing the wall deflection in a deep excavation was much less than that in a shallow excavation. Rectangular shape of buttress walls was of a better effect than T-shape in the shallow excavation because frictional resistance between buttress walls and adjacent soil played a major role in reducing the wall deflection rather than bearing resistance of the flange. When the excavation went deeper, the difference in reducing the wall deflection between the R-shape and T-shape became small. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a novel strut-free earth retaining wall system for excavation in soft clay, referred to as the rigid and fixed diaphragm (RFD) wall retaining system. The RFD system is comprised of four main structures—diaphragm walls, rib-walls, cross walls, and buttress walls—and a complementary structure—the cap-slab. The characteristics of the RFD system are: (1) the formation of a continuous earth retaining wall by constructing diaphragm walls along the circumference of the excavated zone; (2) the formation of a rigid and fixed retaining wall system by a series of rib-walls and cross walls; and (3) the formation of a rigid retaining wall by buttress walls and the cap-slab. Furthermore, the performance and mechanisms of the RFD system were investigated carefully through three-dimensional finite element analyses. The results demonstrated that the system stiffness of the RFD system was a major factor controlling deformations induced by excavation. Moreover, the excavation geometry determined the dimension of each component of the RFD system.
相似文献3.
Three-dimension finite element analyses of deep excavations with buttress walls were performed to evaluate the effect of buttress wall shapes on limiting movements induced by deep excavation. Results showed that a combination of the rectangular and the capital L-letter shapes (RL-shape) yielded the greatest performance in reducing wall deflections and ground surface settlements. The main deformation-control mechanism mainly came from the horizontal and vertical frictional resistances of buttress walls against adjacent soils which were pushed by wall deflections and the soil heave at the excavation bottom, respectively. Besides, the RL-shape buttress walls were successfully verified through a well-documented case history. 相似文献
4.
Several case studies have revealed that the installation of cross walls in excavations can effectively reduce the amount of wall deflection and ground settlement. However, the behaviour of the diaphragm wall due to the installation of the cross walls is still unclear. This study performed a series of 3D numerical studies of wall deflections for deep excavations with cross walls and studied the effects on the wall deflection of several parameters, including the number of cross walls, the distance to the cross wall, the cross wall interval, the cross wall height and the cross wall embedment. The results presented in this study can be used as a first approximation for cases in which cross walls are designed to reduce the wall deflection induced by deep excavation. 相似文献
5.
Previous studies have shown that use of cross walls in deep excavations can reduce the wall deflection to a very small amount. However, design of cross walls is costly because the deflection behavior of the diaphragm wall with cross walls is in nature three dimensional. The objective of this study was to establish a simplified approach used as a first approximation to design cross walls such that the lateral wall deflection can satisfy a design criterion. A series of parametric studies using a three-dimensional numerical method was performed to obtain the influence factors on wall deflections, including excavation geometry, wall system stiffness, axial stiffness of strut, axial stiffness of the cross wall, normalized undrained shear strength of clay and the cross wall depth. Then, a simplified formula for predicting the wall deflection for excavations without and with cross walls was established using multivariate regression analysis, respectively. The formulas were validated through 36 excavation cases without cross walls and 12 cases with cross walls. The simplified formulas can be used to develop a spreadsheet that estimates the cross wall sizes and intervals based on the entered excavation geometry, material properties of retaining-strut system, in situ undrained shear strength and tolerable wall deflection. The estimated cross wall sizes and intervals should be verified by an appropriate full numerical analysis. 相似文献
6.
Finite-element modeling of a complex deep excavation in Shanghai 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The excavation of the north square underground shopping center of Shanghai South Railway Station is a complex deep excavation
using the top-down construction method. The excavation has a considerable size and is close to the operating Metro Lines.
In order to predict the performance of the excavation more accurately, 3D finite-element analyses are conducted to simulate
the construction of this complex excavation. The effects of the anisotropic soil stiffness, the adjacent excavation, and zone
excavation on the wall deformation are investigated. It is shown that the numerical simulation with anisotropic soil stiffness
yields a more reasonable prediction of the wall deflection than the case with isotropic soil stiffness. The deformation of
the shared diaphragm wall between two excavations is influenced by the construction sequence of the two excavations. The zoned
excavation can greatly reduce the diaphragm wall deformation. However, only the zoned excavation at the first excavation stage
affects the deformation of the walls significantly. When the depth of the excavation increases, the zoned excavation has minor
effect on the deformation of diaphragm walls. 相似文献
7.
Deep excavations particularly in deep deposits of soft clay can cause excessive ground movements and result in damage to adjacent buildings. Extensive plane strain finite element analyses considering the small strain effect have been carried out to examine the wall deflections for excavations in soft clay deposits supported by retaining walls and bracing. The excavation geometry, soil strength and stiffness properties, and the wall stiffness were varied to study the wall deflection behavior. Based on these results, a simple Polynomial Regression (PR) model was developed for estimating the maximum wall deflection. Wall deflections computed by this method compare favorably with a number of field and published records. 相似文献
8.
考虑初始不均匀沉降的建筑物受基坑开挖影响的有限元分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在考虑土体的小应变现象及建筑物初始变形的基础上,研究了邻近建筑物与基坑相对距离的变化及自身刚度变化对建筑物不均匀沉降的影响。对于纵墙垂直于基坑边,且跨越坑外沉降槽最低点时,墙体产生的下凹挠曲变形与建筑物的初始变形趋势相同,初始变形将在一定程度上增大墙体的拉应变,尤其是对于刚度较小的建筑物,初始变形对墙体拉应变的影响将更为显著,此时考虑建筑物的初始变形是很有必要的;而当纵墙垂直于基坑边,且处于坑外土体上凸区域时,初始挠曲与基坑开挖产生的挠曲变形趋势相反,此时不考虑建筑物的初始变形则是偏于保守的。当建筑物部分处于下凹区、部分处于上凸区时,对于建筑物的下凹区部分也应考虑其初始变形的影响。 相似文献
9.
具有内支撑结构的围护系统在基坑边角处具有更大的系统刚度,使得基坑边角附近处土体的位移小于距离边角较远处土体的位移,即基坑的变形问题表现出空间特性。为了更好地研究L/He（L为沿基坑纵向方向上的距离;He为开挖深度）、开挖深度等因素对空间效应的影响,量测了两个狭长形地铁车站深基坑不同位置处土体的侧向位移、土体沉降等。通过对现场监测资料的分析发现,边角效应能够减小侧向位移的平面应变比,灌注桩围护结构、SMW工法桩围护结构和地下连续墙在边角附近处的平面应变比(PSR)分别为0.50、0.61和0.72。当平面应变比(PSR)接近于1.00时,对应的L/He值分别为2.50、6.00和4.00。随着L/He值的增大,土体的纵向最大沉降呈先增大后保持稳定的趋势。随开挖深度的增加,边角效应的影响范围呈增大的趋势。在基坑纵向沉降的空间效应中,灌注桩围护结构、SMW工法桩围护结构的土体最大沉降值达到稳定时对应的L/He值分别为2.50和5.20。土体沉降和侧向位移的空间效应有一定的相关性。 相似文献
10.
Previous plane strain analysis of a case history has shown that cross walls in an excavation can effectively reduce movements induced by deep excavation. This study performed three-dimensional numerical analyses for 4 deep excavation cases with different installations of cross walls, including different excavation depths, cross wall intervals and cross wall depths. Both the observed and computed wall deflections for the 4 cases were compared with those of the same excavations that were assumed with no cross walls installed to demonstrate the effectiveness of cross walls in reducing lateral wall deflections. The results show that the cross wall also had a corner effect similar to that of the diaphragm wall. The deflection of the diaphragm wall was smallest at the location of the cross wall installed and then increased with the increasing distance from the cross wall, up to the midpoint between two cross walls. Many factors such as in situ soil properties, diaphragm wall properties, construction procedure, cross wall depth and so on may affect the amount of reduction in lateral wall deflections due to the installation of cross walls. Under the same condition, the amount of reduction was highly dependent on the depth of cross walls, distance to the cross walls and the cross wall interval. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a numerical analysis of the influence of initial stress state on the response of deep excavation supported by retaining wall. Indeed, the influence of diaphragm wall installation prior to excavation works may affect the soil response and lateral wall deflection induced by excavation process. The first part of this paper gives a short review of the numerical methods aimed to reproduce the retaining wall installation. Numerical analysis of a deep excavation in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional conditions is then performed according to the methods previously presented. In three‐dimensional conditions, diaphragm wall installation is performed considering a sequence of panels, described by their number and length. Results of three‐dimensional calculations confirm that stress state is disturbed by wall installation, which has a sensitive effect on the ground response induced by soil excavation. It is also noted that these results are not easily reproduced in two‐dimensional conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
In recent years, many researchers have considered the mechanical characteristics of deep foundation excavation in soft-soil.
The analysis of these deep excavations requires consideration of an uncertain, nonlinear, dynamic and complicated system,
and involves consideration of soil strength, stability, deformation, fluid flow and interaction of soil and different retaining
configurations. It is difficult to describe such a nonlinear system using traditional analysis. Therefore, in order to accurately
describe the mechanical behavior of a representative deep excavation of the subway station, in this case, 3-Dimensional geotechnical
numerical analysis method using FLAC3D software was applied. Using this tool, a study considering earth pressure, soil deformation
and settlement was carried out. Furthermore, the response of different retaining configurations was deeply investigated. Triaxial
cement mixing piles were considered as a way to optimize deformation of the deep excavation and reduce settlement of the ground
surface and the railway embankment. The analysis indicated that the deeper the foundation excavation was, the larger the surface
settlement and the smaller the earth pressure. The analysis also considered the mechanical effect of varying the wall thickness
and the wall depth on the structure‘s deformation characteristics. The simulations indicated that a wall thickness of less
than 1.4 m effectively reduced wall horizontal displacement, ground surface settlement and uneven settlement of railway embankment.
While a variable wall embedded depth that was less than 52 m also changed the settlement of the excavation deformation and
the ground surface. Therefore, the numerical results can agree with the practical project to imply that numerical method in
the paper is applicable and reliable, which provides a new thought to research on deep excavation in soft-soil. 相似文献
13.
14.
由于成因及地域性的差异,宁波软土具有鲜明的特点,深基坑变形特性也有别于其它软土地区。在国内外研究基础上,本文结合宁波轨道交通1号线基坑工程,对13个车站地下连续墙深基坑监测数据进行统计分析。从基坑围护结构水平位移和墙后地表沉降两个方面对基坑变形特性进行了研究,结果表明:宁波地区地下连续墙的最大侧移介于0.18%H和0.80%H之间,平均值为0.39%H,较其它地区大,最大侧移位于开挖面附近,且随软土层厚度的增大而增大;宁波地区Fs取值1.7为宜;地表沉降主要分布于0≤d/H≤2.0范围内,最大值δvm=1.2%H,最小值δvm=0.15%H,平均值δvm=0.69%H,地表沉降较大;围护结构侧移与地表沉降关系为δvm=1.0δhm～1.8δhm。最后,结合分析结果,提出了宁波地区深基坑工程变形控制标准,可以为宁波地区及软土地区深基坑工程提供指导和借鉴作用。 相似文献
15.
现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形,认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而,一些工程实测表明,基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然,未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制,开展了室内模型试验,对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控,模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现,随着降水的进行,坑外降水漏斗不断扩展,围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外,降水导致墙前水压力明显减小,并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主）,围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡,并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。 相似文献
16.
宁波北仑电厂二期循环水泵房基抗支护与监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了宁波北仑电厂二期工程地下连续墙支护结构的计算与模型。采用ALGOR有限元分析系统，对基坑开挖引起的应力场、位移场进行了分析计算。对墙体变形、钢筋应力、土压力及沉降进行了观测。通过计算值与实测结果的比较，分析了影响基坑变形的主要因素。 相似文献
17.
将基坑看作平面应变边值问题,借助挡墙刚性平移诱发地表沉降的基本解析解,利用微积分思想,推导得到挡墙刚性变位和柔性变位下的地表沉降显式解析解。其中,在挡墙刚性平移影响范围无穷大时,显示解析解与基本解析解形式一致。通过与挡墙刚性平移解析解和绕墙趾转动、绕墙顶转动、三角形变位、抛物线柔性变位模式等几种已有的积分形式解析解作对比,验证了显式解析解的正确性。将显式解析解应用于实际工程,通过与实测数据对比分析,对解析解的适用范围进行了探讨。当围护结构水平位移较小时,显式解析解可较好地预测墙后地表沉降;当围护结构水平位移较大时,由显式解析解计算得到的墙后地表沉降归一化曲线可偏安全地估计墙后地表沉降,说明了该显式解析解的工程实用性。 相似文献
18.
两侧铰接地下连续墙的试验研究及数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地下连续墙用于平面不规则形状基坑支护时,对任意直线段墙体,其受力与变形实际上是三维的,而不是一般经验简化方法假设的二维变形与受力,并应考虑相邻墙体之间的相互作用。采用考虑墙土相互影响的地下连续墙与土共同作用的三维有限元方法,研究了墙端铰接和墙端自由两种边界条件对等刚度及变刚度墙体内力与变形的影响,计算结果表明,建议的理论计算方法与模型试验结果吻合较好。通过与模型试验实测值的对比,指出了以往采用平面有限元进行分析的方法的不足,并重点分析了墙端铰接对墙体横向弯矩的影响,研究结果表明,三维变形产生的横向弯矩是可观的,必须加以考虑。 相似文献
19.
Numerous studies have been devoted to the performance of excavations and adjacent facilities. In contrast, few studies have focused on retaining wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering. However, considerable inward cantilever deflections were observed for a diaphragm wall in a pre-excavation dewatering test based on a long and narrow metro excavation, and the maximum deflection reached 10 mm (37.6% of the allowable wall deflection for the project). Based on the test results, a three-dimensional soil–fluid coupled finite element model was established and used to study the mechanism of the dewatering-induced diaphragm wall deflections. Numerical results indicated that the diaphragm wall deflection results from three factors: (1) the seepage force around the dewatering well and the soil–wall interaction caused the inward horizontal displacement of the soil inside the excavation; (2) the reduced total earth pressure on the excavated side of the diaphragm wall above approximately 1/2 of the maximum dewatering depth disequilibrated the original earth pressure on both sides of the diaphragm wall; and (3) the different negative friction on the excavated and retained sides of the diaphragm wall led to the rotation of the diaphragm wall into the excavation. 相似文献
20.
基坑开挖过程中,土体应力路径、卸载回弹再压缩特性与简单加载或卸载不同,采用常规的理想弹塑性模型模拟基坑开挖,得到的围护墙位移、坑内土体回弹以及坑外沉降较大。分析了基坑开挖不同区域土体的性状,采用土体硬化模型模拟基坑开挖的卸载与土体硬化行为,结合工程算例,对比土体硬化模型和理想弹塑性模拟以及实测的围护结构土压力、围护墙水平位移和坑外土体沉降,并利用强度折减法分析基坑的稳定性。计算结果表明,考虑土体硬化的HS模型有限元方法能体现土体卸载再加载与开挖的特性,所得土压力、围护结构水平位移以及基坑抗隆起稳定性符合软土地区基坑工程的实践。 相似文献