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M. Jagannadha Rao J. Syam Kumar B. Surya prakasa Rao P. Srinivasa Rao 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2003,31(2):119-128
Geomorphology and land use pattern of Visakhapatnam urban – industrial area have been studied using IRS IB and SPOT data. The geomorphic units under structural landforms, fluvial landforms and coastal landforms were identified and appropriate field confirmations were made. The geomorphic units such as inselbergs/residual hills, rolling plains, colluvial plains, fractures, piedmont fans, pediments were identified under structural landforms. The units wind gap, paleo channels, gully land, alluvial plain and natural levee were identified under fluvial landforms. The coastal landforms include sea cave, sea stack, red sediments, beach sands and marshy area. Study of the land use pattern reveals the land use under various categories of residential, planned and un planned, agricultural land, waste land and others. The data will have high relevance and usefulness for urban, industrial and ground water resource evaluations in the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization. 相似文献
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针对传统的地形模型加工方法引起的地貌表达失真和加工效率低等问题,该文提出了基于数字高程模型的地形模型数控雕刻技术。采用地形图形特征化处理地貌特征失真和微地貌丢失问题,较好地表达了区域地貌特征;依据地貌特征优化雕刻参数匹配求解地形模型的精细雕刻和加工效率之间矛盾,实现了地形模型的精确表达和快速加工。生产实验结果表明,地形模型数控雕刻技术不仅解决了地貌特征表达问题,提升了地形模型的表达力,还实现了地形模型的快速成型。研究结果对地形模型的开发和应用具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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The use of LANDSAT data has proved to be a major aid to semi-macroscale geomorphic mapping of terrain. The geomorphological contribution to the classifications of the Darjeeling District, using quantitative measures of selected terrain factors apart from conventional landsystem mapping on MSS-imagery, has been found to be more useful means of terrain evaluation as well as its proper development in resource management. Qualitative estimates of terrain factors, viz. altitude, relief, slope and dissection nature, drainage texture and pattern, valley forms and crest types coupled with landcover types etc. are considered in preparation of landsystem map of the area. Because of its subjective biasness, an alternative approach, the parametric method of terrain classification is carried out to analyse the spatial distributions of quantitative parameters on terrain factors viz. maximum altitude, average altitude, relative relief, average slope, dissection index, drainage density and ruggedness index etc. and to combine the resulting patterns into compositive generalizations. The composite map thus prepared reveals six terrain units of distinct morphological classes and are sufficiently equatable to certain physical conditions of terrain. 相似文献
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Aerial photographs are invaluable for study of terrain characteristics which are reflected in the morphology-form and association of different physiographic units in any area. Based on environmental controls of geology, relief, dominant geomorphic process and climate, a system of landscape classification has been evolved. Characteristic physiographic units in any area are identified and defined based on their form, slope variations, orientation, spacing, surficial deposits and water regime. Only two units i.e. landscape pattern and facet are adopted in the classification system. The dominant aeolian process evolves a variety of forms and associations. The most important forms evolved are long sandy ridges with variation in spacing and directions, shifting sand dunes-both scattered and in clusters and various combinations of short sandy ridges. The paper describes the form, assocation and characteristics of one of the landscape patterns classified in the desert area. The norms established on the basis of aerial photo-interpretation thus help to infer terrain characteristics at different places where the pattern occurs. 相似文献
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Terrain characterization using SRTM data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Earth’s surface possesses relief because the geomorphic processes operate at different rates, and geologic structure plays a dominant role in the evolution of landforms (Thornbury, 1954). The spatial pattern of relief yields the topographic mosaic of a terrain and is normally extracted from the topographical maps which are available at various scales. As cartographic abstractions are scale dependent, topographical maps are rarely good inputs for terrain analysis. Currently, the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) provides one of the most complete, highest resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth. It is an ideal data-set for precise terrain analysis and topographic characterization in terms of the nature of altimetric distribution, relief aspects, patterns of lineaments and surface slope, topographic profiles and their visualisation, correlation between geology and topography, hypsometric attributes and finally, the hierarchy of terrain sub-units. The present paper extracts the above geomorphic features and terrain character of part of the Chotonagpur plateau and the Dulung River basin therein using SRTM data. 相似文献
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恢复岩溶古地貌对于分析岩溶储层发育特征具有重要作用。目前关于岩溶古地貌的恢复多为定性方法,定量刻画古地貌的水平有待提高,而GIS在定量分析处理地貌方面独具优势。以高石梯—磨溪区块灯四段岩溶储层为例,在经典古地貌恢复方法的基础上,从GIS的地貌因子出发,提取了包括高程、坡度、地表切割深度、地表粗糙度、地形起伏度在内的地形因子以及包括水流长度、河流等级、流域分析在内的水文因子;再选取核心地形因子,并对地貌因子进行敏感性评价,结果显示高程、坡度和地形起伏度对地形的表征贡献较大。以地貌成因—形态分类原则为地貌分类方案,对敏感地形因子进行重分类操作后作叠加分析处理,地貌分区成图显示研究区由岩溶高地、岩溶缓坡、岩溶缓坡过渡带和岩溶洼地4类地貌单元组成。对岩溶古地貌进行分析评价发现,岩溶缓坡为油气良好集聚地,地貌划分结果与储层分布具有相关性。 相似文献
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地形简化算法利用少量有效的地形信息表达整体地形,能很好地解决海量地形数据与计算机硬件之间的矛盾,同时满足多尺度地形应用需求。针对现有地形简化算法难以兼顾局部地形起伏与地形整体特征的问题,提出一种基于质心Voronoi图的地形自适应简化算法。首先,利用质心Voronoi图的特点,以地形起伏度作为密度函数生成质心Voronoi图;然后,利用分布在地形起伏较大区域的质心Voronoi图种子点及大多分布在地形特征线上的Voronoi区域顶点重构地形;最后,通过原始地形与重构地形的特征线验证地形简化的效果,并与三维道格拉斯-普克（3D DouglasPeucker,3D DP）算法进行精度对比。实验结果表明,从简化地形中提取的山脊线、山谷线、等高线等地形特征线与原始地形的重叠度均较高,算法能较好地保持地形整体特征;且在相同的简化级别下,算法的简化误差小于3D DP算法,具有较高的地形简化精度。 相似文献
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以ASTER GDEM为信息源、22个典型小流域为样区,分析黄土高原集水面积阈值与沟谷密度的关系,利用均值变点法确定最佳阈值,探讨了影响阈值的数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）地形因子主成分。结果表明,集水面积阈值由北向南、自东向西逐步增大,宏观上受黄土高原地貌类型制约,地形因子对其的影响成分归纳为坡面、起伏及高程变异因子。坡面因子的最大值与阈值正相关,坡度>粗糙度>地形曲率>平面曲率>剖面曲率。起伏因子的均值与阈值正相关,起伏度>切割深度。高程变异因子与阈值负相关。三者的主成分贡献率依次为58.754%、18.915%、11.388%,权重为0.527、0.229、-0.569。研究表明,坡面特征是影响黄土沟谷发育的重要因子。 相似文献
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M A Mohammed Aslam A Balasubramanian 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2001,29(4):237-242
Visual interpretation of satellite images could help in the identification of present and past landforms. An attempt has been made to identify the palaeochannels of the Cauvery river in Karnataka state through visual interpretation of IRS-1C, LISS III False Colour Composites (FCC). In order to assess their inter-relationship with other hydrogeomorphic elements, various geomorphic units have been mapped. Major geomorphic units like alluvial plain, pediplain, valley fill. residual hill, ridges, meander scar, channel bars and water bodies have been demarcated. Considering the hydrogeomorphic setup of the palaeochannels. it is inferred that the disposition of palaeochannels of the area are controlled by the geology and structure and the prevailing geomorphic process. 相似文献
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笔者根据遥感图像解译结果, 结合地质一地理调查分析认为, 吉林西部的一些地形不是风的作 用形成的, 如弧形垄岗不是纵沙丘, “坨子”不是古沙丘, 而是与构造活动有一定关系。当地的风 成地貌主要是一些发育在垄岗的迎风波及洼地中的小型风蚀浅谷、风蚀残丘、沙丘、土豆等。笔 者根据这些风成地貌的形态、分布特征, 探讨了当地风的地质作用的规律及其对农业的影响, 最 后笔者对当地农业生产规划提出若干建议。 相似文献
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P. B. Saxena H. S. Iyer G. Mahapatra R. K. Saxena 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1983,11(1):55-62
The area of the Solani-Ganga interfluve, which lies between 29°16′N to 30°15′N latitude and 77°45′E to 78°15′E longitude was undertaken for the present study using LANDSAT imagery of band 5 and 7 and the false colour composite on the scale of 1:250,000 in combination with aerial photographs (1:25,000). Major geomorphic units, e.g., Siwalik Hills. Solani-upper alluvial plain, Solani lower alluvial plain, ‘Tarai’ and Ganga alluvial plain were delineated on LANDSAT and colour composite. Sample areas selected from LANDSAT were studied on aerial photographs in details and soil physiography relationship was developed. The soils on Siwalik hills are classified as Orthents. The soils of the pledmont plain and the recent terraces of Solani river and its tributaries were Psamments, Orthents, Fluvents, Orchrepts and Aquepts. The soils of upper alluvial tract of the Ganga plain is mostly Ustalfs with inclusion of Aqualfs, while the strong hydromorphic Tarai tract consists of partly Aquepts, Ochrepts (cultivated) and partly of Aquolls, Ustolls and Ustalfs (under forest). The present study aims to pin point the nature of soil relief relationship with the help of LANDSAT imagery and aerial photographs and diagnose the intensity of the depletion of soil resources (by prevailing factors like swift run off of biykderfed torrents, fast-flow of ground water, soil creep, mass wasting) through field studies and then treat them with ecological dose of soil conservation. For agronomic development of the region, it is worked out that the present crop-combination and crop-rotation systems should be slightly modified according to its ecosystem to prevent the depletion of soil nutrients. 相似文献
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通过地形建模,将6个地形隶属函数按照101×101,112×112,126×126,144×144,168×168,201×201,257×257 7种格网密度生成6种局部地形单元的规则格网DEM;使用反距离加权(IDW)等7种插值算法,将前6种格网密度下的DEM插值成257×257规格;从原始257×257DEM中随机抽取检查点计算残差,并对残差中误差进行分析。通过分组插值实验,运用控制变量法、方差分析等方法研究地貌类型、采样密度和插值算法对DEM插值精度的影响。 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of RADARSAT SAR data (Standard-7 and Wide-2 beam positions) for delineating
the geomophological units in Itanagar Capital Complex of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has
been applied to Standard-7 and Wide-2 data with incidence angle 45° – 49° and 31 ° – 39° respectively. The resulting components
yield imagery that highlights the Geomorphological units. The area of investigation has been classified into five geomophological
units’ viz., High relief structural hills, low relief structural hills, low relief rugged hills, piedmont and intermontane
valley. The surface roughness can be observed by studying the difference of the responses from different incidence angles.
Wide-2 beam position was found to be more useful for identifying features in flat terrain, and Standard-7 beam position data
for features of high relief. 相似文献
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The Quaternary geology of the Cambay basin is studied with the help of aerial photographs and spot checking in the field. Sub-aerial denudational, fluviatile, aeolian and marine processes have produced the Recent deposits that cover the Cambay basin. Black cotton soils, lateritic soils and sandy loams, flood plain deposits, levees, swamps, salt waste, barrier spits, sand hills, undulating sands and flat sands have been identified. The trend of the fluviatile and aeolin deposits are in the NE-SW direction and the marine deposits trend NW-SE. The morphostructural distribution studied on the basis of tonal contrasts and drainage pattern indicates a general NE-SW pattern of structural trend in the Cambay basin and is in confirmation with the Aravalli and the Cutch structural trends. The Cambay basin area is a compound landscape wherein a mantle of youthful material fails to hide the dominant features of the underlying landforms. An attempt is made to relate the different geomorphic aspects to the underlying landforms. 相似文献
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Arvind Chandra Pandey Amit Kumar A. T. Jeyaseelan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(1):141-155
In the present study, the Cartosat-I digital elevation model (DEM) was utilized to deduce the vertical characteristics of Ranchi urban area and its relation to long term built-up expansion (1927–2010). The DEM represents moderate variation in terrain relief ranging from 595 m to 754 m with majority of area exhibiting upto 3° of slope and 3° to 6° indicating flat to undulating nature of terrain in Ranchi township. The DEM was used to generate location of sinks within urban area, which are generally delineated along the drainage channels, adjacent to high-rise built-up land and along the elevated road network. The pattern of urban sprawl over the eight decades (1927–2010) were examined with reference to terrain relief zones, which indicated that the built-up growth was mainly taken place over the elevation range of moderate (620–660 m) (67.0%) and high relief (660–680 m) (19.8%) zones. Although earlier preference for built-up development was more in high elevation zones (660–680 m), the low elevation zones (<600–620 m) are now preferred for multistoried built-up land development where better groundwater availability occur. The spatial pattern of vertical growth of built-up land was assessed using contour density obtained from Cartosat-I DEM. The results show that the high density contours predominately correspond to hilly area and high-rise buildings at majority of locations. The urban sprawl pattern and population trend exhibited rapid increase in vertical built-up growth after 1996 indicating beginning of urban densification in Ranchi township. 相似文献
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Geomorphic signatures of ore deposits — A case study from sukinda chromite and nickel complex,Orissa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ranjit Rath 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2003,31(2):107-117
The present scientific pursuit attempts to quantify various geomorphic parameters associated with the Chromite and Nickel ores of Sukinda valley and to establish geomorphic features like land forms, slope, relative relief, drainage pattern, density and frequency, lineaments and erosion surfaces. The present morphologic features of the valley were studied by taking inputs from relevant False Colour Composite, Toposheets and by undertaking ground truth checks. It is observed that both these ores are associated with parallel drainage pattern, which is prevalent in the valley, and are characterised by low drainage density and frequency. However Nickel ore exhibits a higher range in drainage density i.e. from 0.4 to 3.0 km./sq. km. in comparison to Chromite. As regards to erosion surface Cr is found to be associated with 140m and 200m end surfaces while Ni is confined to only 140 m. Though the range of slope varies for both the ore types from 0 to 5 degrees, Cr is reported to be associated mainly with foothills and Ni with valley flats. 相似文献
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The paper embodies the result of an approach used in hydrogeological evaluation of morphological features of fluvial terrain in some parts of Uttar Pradesh. This study of hydrogeological effects from morphological features is based on landscape-indicatory studies only. Aerial photographs of 1:60,000 scale have been used in mapping geomorphic units. Hydrologie characterstics of these have been discussed. Abandoned river channels in the flood-plain are expected to yield appreciable quantities of groundwater. 相似文献
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In order to know the development of soil salinity and alkalinity in relation to landform, a systematic approach has been adopted by using aerial photo-interpretation techniques followed by field checks. The major land form units identified in the area are (i) alluvial upland (ii) low land (iii) back-swamp areas (iv) remanent horstland (v) interfiuve (vi) abandoned channel (vii) plain undifferentiated and (viii) plain with aeolian activity. salt accumulation is pronounced in landform units (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) due to configurating slopes and basement ridge control, whereas in landform units (v) and (vi), a patchy distribution of salinity has been found. Landform units (vii) and (viii) are free from this hazard The elements of landscape have controlled the distriburion of salts within each landscape. 相似文献