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1.
长江中下游不同湖泊沉积物中重金属污染物的累积及其潜在生态风险评价 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
利用富集因子和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,结合年代学结果,对长江中下游湖泊太白湖、龙感湖、巢湖和西氿沉积物中重金属元素Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的富集程度进行了评价,并比较分析了上述重金属的潜在生态风险.结果表明,太白湖和龙感湖沉积物中各重金属富集程度均较低;巢湖沉积物中Co、Cr、Ni的富集程度接近中等水平,而Cu、Pb、Zn的富集已经达到中等水平;西氿沉积物中Co的富集非常低,Cr、Ni富集水平较低,Pb达到中等富集,Cu、Zn达到较高的富集水平.对4个湖泊沉积物中重金属的综合污染程度进行比较:巢湖西氿龙感湖太白湖.各湖泊沉积物中单一元素的潜在生态风险都较低,但是,根据多元素潜在生态评价指数,各湖泊沉积物中重金属存在明显不同的潜在生态风险:巢湖西氿龙感湖太白湖.总体上看,太白湖和巢湖沉积物重金属污染以及潜在生态风险自1965年以来一直在加重,而龙感湖和西氿沉积物在表层有下降的趋势.这种差异与各个湖泊流域内人类活动的方式和强度密切相关.巢湖和西氿流域内城市化、工业化发展迅速,人类活动导致大量重金属元素进入湖泊,给湖泊带来明显的污染;而龙感湖和太白湖流域人类活动主要以农业活动为主,人类活动对重金属的贡献相对较小. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, the vertical variations of heavy metal elements (including Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sediments of Songhua Lake are analyzed using sediment cores. A 70‐year evolutionary history of these heavy metal elements in Songhua Lake is described and the sources of the heavy metals in the sediments are investigated by evaluating the pollution characteristics of the metals in terms of their enrichment coefficients and geoaccumulation indexes. The results indicate that Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments originated mainly from basin erosion and were transported to the lake by rivers. Cd and Hg in the sediments also originated from basin erosion that occurred prior to the mid‐1990s, and these sediments have since been overlaid by artificial pollution. The distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Songhua Lake is influenced by many factors, including sediment composition, the relative importance of fluvial input, and artificial pollution. 相似文献
3.
太湖近代沉积物中重金属元素的累积 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
利用210Pb、137Cs定年技术,对来自太湖不同生态和沉积特征的三个湖区的沉积物柱状样品进行了定年,用ICP—AES分析了沉积物中重金属等元素的含量,分析了太湖沉积物中重金属的累积特征及其成因.污染较重、蓝藻水华暴发频繁的梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属含量在近25年来逐年增加;太湖上游风浪较大的夹浦湖区表层10cm沉积速率大、粒度粗,除表层1cm外,1—10cm沉积物中各种重金属含量都较低,且层间变化剧烈;下游湖区正逐渐草型化的胥口湾除表层3cm外,沉积物中重金属的含量自底层向表层大致呈不断下降的趋势.研究表明,不同年代的太湖沉积物中重金属含量差异很大,明显大于不同湖区间沉积物重金属平均含量间的差异.水动力作用引起的沉积物粒度分异很可能是影响沉积物中重金属积累的一个重要因素.总体上太湖沉积物中重金属的污染比较轻微,但已经有一定程度的Cd污染,梅梁湾沉积物中自上世纪70年代开始明显积累Cd,其他重金属元素的积累也逐渐增加,值得关注. 相似文献
4.
分析了阳宗海柱状及表层沉积物中Al、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb等金属元素的含量,结合沉积年代学,研究了沉积物重金属污染的时空变化和潜在生态风险特征.结果表明,表层沉积物中重金属含量具有一定的空间差异性,As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn在中东部湖区含量较高,而Cr、Co、Ni含量高值位于南、北湖区的近岸区域;柱状沉积物中,1990s之前As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量较为稳定,1990s中后期以来,其含量逐渐增加,并在2009-2010年前后达到最大值,此后逐渐下降;而柱状沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni含量变化趋势与Al、Fe相似,总体上由下向上逐渐降低,这主要与沉积物质地(粒度)逐渐变粗有关.重金属富集系数表明,阳宗海沉积物中主要污染元素为As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn,1990s中后期污染程度快速增加,2009-2010年前后达到峰值,此后污染程度逐渐降低;表层沉积物中Cu为未污染至"弱"污染水平;Zn、Pb为"弱-中等"污染水平,As为"中等-强"污染水平,Cd为"弱-强"污染水平,中东部湖区污染程度高于其他湖区,这可能与该湖区缺少入湖径流、自然碎屑物质沉积速率较低以及砷污染事件等人为源的重金属贡献影响更为显著有关.生态风险评价结果表明,在2002-2010年前后沉积物重金属达到"中等-强"潜在生态危害,主要贡献因子是Cd和As,近年来其生态风险等级逐渐降低;表层沉积物中重金属在中东部湖区具有"中等"程度潜在生态危害,而其他湖区表层沉积物重金属具有较低程度的潜在生态风险. 相似文献
5.
结合主成分分析法(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)的鄱阳湖丰水期表层沉积物重金属源解析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为识别表层沉积物重金属的来源以及量化源贡献,选取鄱阳湖丰水期表层沉积物为研究对象,测定14种重金属(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sb、W、Pb、Hg和As)的含量,分析其污染及空间分布特征,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对沉积物重金属进行源解析.结果表明:除V和Cr外,Cd、Mo、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Sr、As、Ni、Co和Sb的平均含量分别为江西省土壤背景值的5.7、2.2、1.9、1.8、1.5、1.5、1.4、1.3、1.3、1.2、1.0和1.0倍; Cd、Hg、Cu、Mo、Pb、Sr和Zn超出江西省土壤背景值的比例相对较高,分别为100%、100%、100%、100%、97%、97%和93%,所有沉积物样品中Cd含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值的比例为51%; V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Sb、W、Pb、Hg和As含量呈未污染至弱污染水平,而Cd含量属于中等污染水平,接近于重污染水平.总体而言,Cd的污染相对较严重.重金属的分布具有显著的区域特征,其中Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Pb、Hg和As的空间分布十分相似,表现为在赣江、抚河、信江和饶河入湖口附近区域含量较高,而Co、Ni、Mo和Sb明显在湖区南部、东北部和修水入湖附近这3个区域聚集,Cd和W的空间变异性相对较大,V的含量分布相对较均匀.PCA和PMF解析结果都表明鄱阳湖丰水期表层沉积物重金属受4种来源的共同影响,其中,矿业和工业活动的影响最大,相对贡献率为38%,其次是尾矿和废渣,相对贡献率为28%,再是农业活动,相对贡献率为19%,最后是自然来源的相对贡献率为14%. 相似文献
6.
Georg Schettler 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(3):142-149
Distribution of Selected Toxic Trace Elements in the Sediment of Lake Breitling near Brandenburg. Considerable enrichments of several heavy metals in relation to the local geological background were found in the surface sediments of Lake Breitling (Havel lake system) (Zn: 50-fold, Cd: 25-fold, Cu: 14-fold, Pb: 13-fold), whereas Be, Co and V are remarkably unchanged if the increased clay mineral content in the more recent sediments is considered. – The heavy metal distribution patterns indicate a high percentage of atmospheric input of these elements, and according to geochemical profiles heavy metal deposition has been constant on a high level for years. – Especially the most enriched Zn which was found to some extent NH4Ac-exchangeable deserves ecotoxic attention. 相似文献
7.
巢湖湖区及主要出入湖河流表层沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
为了解巢湖湖区及主要出入湖河流沉积物中重金属的污染特征,对表层沉积物中重金属元素含量进行分析,基于地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和沉积物质量基准法对沉积物污染风险进行评价,并对沉积物重金属来源进行初步分析.结果表明,河流沉积物中重金属的平均含量显著高于湖区,是湖区沉积物重金属含量的1.18~5.15倍,其中南淝河Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Hg含量较高,分别是背景值的3.53、16.98、3.98、5.84和23.11倍,西半湖Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg平均含量要高于东半湖,是全湖平均的1.04~1.45倍.地积累指数法和Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法评价结果均表明,Cd和Hg是主要的生态风险贡献因子,在所调查的表层沉积物中Cd和Hg数值分别为43.17~3870.94和29.96~924.57,已处于较大风险数值.此外,源分析结果表明,巢湖湖区及主要出入湖河流表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg和As相关性显著,具有相似的来源,可能来自于工业废水与生活污水. 相似文献
8.
抚仙湖沉积物重金属时空变化与人为污染评价 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
分析了抚仙湖表层沉积物及沉积短岩芯中10种金属元素含量,结合沉积年代学,定量研究了Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的污染特征及时空变化规律;参考沉积物质量基准与潜在生态风险指数法探讨了表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险.结果表明,表层沉积物中重金属含量具有一定的空间差异性,近岸地区重金属含量总体上高于湖心区;Pb、Zn含量自1980s中期以来逐渐增加,而Cr、Cu、Ni含量呈下降趋势.重金属富集系数与聚类分析结果表明,抚仙湖沉积物主要重金属污染元素为Pb、Zn,污染开始于1980s中期,并逐渐加重.表层沉积物中Pb、Zn富集系数分别为1.6~4.1和1.4~2.6,已达到弱—中等污染程度,北部湖区污染程度略高于南部湖区;除此之外,北部湖区近岸区域Cr污染程度也略高于其他湖区.除了大气沉降来源之外,抚仙湖沉积物重金属污染还可能与入湖河流输入有关.单因子生态风险指数表明,表层沉积物中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn具有较低的潜在生态风险;而综合潜在生态风险指数表明,表层沉积物中重金属具有中等程度的潜在生态风险,这与根据沉积物质量基准所获得的评价结果一致. 相似文献
9.
太湖浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化特征及湖区差异 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
近年来随着社会经济的发展,排入太湖的污水中重金属含量不断增加,为研究太湖浮游植物中重金属的污染状况,分别于2009年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和冬季(12月)对太湖不同湖区展开调查,通过HCA聚类分析和Pearson相关分析探讨不同湖区浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化,并与优势藻种进行CCA分析,对浮游植物重金属与各藻种关系进行初步探讨.结果表明:太湖浮游植物中重金属的含量大小为:ZnMnPbCuNiCrAsCdHg,其中Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Ni的季节变化明显,Zn和Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr之间的相关系数很高且具有同源性.通过对比不同湖区,发现北部梅梁湾的浮游植物重金属含量较高,东太湖和湖心区含量均低于沿岸湖区.CCA分析表明春季重金属与优势藻种呈正相关,而夏季和冬季二者呈负相关.三季中重金属与蓝藻和绿藻的相关性最高,与隐藻的相关性最低.蓝藻中,重金属与铜绿微囊藻的相关性高于水华微囊藻. 相似文献
10.
乌梁素海大气重金属沉降入湖通量初步估算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重金属元素以大气颗粒物为载体,最终以沉降的方式进入湖泊水体,会引起湖泊的重金属污染.为调查大气沉降对乌梁素海重金属污染的贡献,于2013年7月1日至30日围绕乌梁素海进行大气沉降样品采集,分别测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属元素的含量,并在此基础上估算7月大气重金属沉降通量及入湖量.结果表明,乌梁素海重金属元素大气沉降通量大小依次为:ZnPbCuCrAsHgCd.结合社会调查情况及数据分析显示,大气微粒携带重金属借助风力迁移,较大的沉降通量出现在主风向的下风向区域,说明风向是影响乌梁素海大气重金属沉降通量的主要因素之一.排干输入与大气沉降方式下的乌梁素海重金属入湖量比较发现,大气沉降是除排干输入外湖泊的另一重要重金属污染源.Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、As、Hg、Cd等重金属元素月入湖量分别为10.6、1.04、1.02、0.833、0.342、0.00514、0.00281t/月.通过估算底泥重金属增量来评价大气沉降对湖泊重金属的贡献表明,大气Hg、Zn、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Cr等重金属沉降对湖泊贡献率分别为46.4%、44.7%、14.1%、12.0%、8.48%、4.75%、4.03%. 相似文献
11.
Current study presents the application of chemometric techniques to comprehend the interrelations among sediment variables whilst identifying the possible pollution source at Langat River,Malaysia.Surface sediment samples（0-10 cm）were collected at 22 sampling stations and analyzed for total metals（~（48）Cd,~（29）Cu,~（30）Zn,~（82）Pb）,pH,redox potential（Eh）,salinity,electrical conductivity（EC）,loss on ignition（LOI）and cation exchange capacity（CEC）.The principal component analysis（PCA）scrutinized the origin of environmental pollution by various anthropogenic and natural activities：four principal components were obtained with 86.34%（5 cm）and88.34%（10 cm）.Standard,forward and backward stepwise discriminant analysis effectively discriminate 2variables（84.06%）indicating high variation of heavy metals accumulation at both depth.The cluster analysis accounted for high input of Zn and Pb at LA8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12 that mergers three（5 cm）and four（10cm）into clusters.This is consistent with the contamination factor（C_1）that shows high Cd（LA 1）and Pb（LA 7,LA 8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12）contaminations at 5cm.These indicate that Pb and Zn are the most bioavailable metals in the sediment with significant positive linear relationship at both sediment depths.Therefore,this approach is a good indication of environmental pollution status that transfers new findings on the assessment of heavy metals by interpreting large complex datasets and predicting the fate of heavy metals in the sediment. 相似文献
12.
Lake Umbozero (the second largest in the area and the deepest in Murmansk province) was studied with the aim to establish
the biogeochemical features of the distribution of chalcophile elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) in water, bottom sediments, and whitefish
organs and tissues. Lake Umbozero is subject to the effect of emissions and effluents of mining-and-metallurgical plants in
Murmansk province, as well as airborne anthropogenic pollution of global character. Surface and near-bed peaks were recorded
in the distribution of Pb and Cd in water mass. Those peaks can be due to phytoplankton development in surface layers and
the precipitation of dead organisms and mechanical suspension into bed layers. The mean Pb and Cd concentrations in Umbozero
water mass exceed the mean for lake water in taiga zone. Water body pollution manifests itself in an increase in concentrations
of elements, such as heavy metals, in the surface layers of bottom sediments. The largest contamination factors were recorded
for Cd and Pb. Lake pollution by highly toxic chalcophile elements also caused their accumulation in whitefish organs and
tissues: the biological accumulation coefficient is >1 for Cd in kidneys (5.8) and for Hg in kidneys, liver, and muscles (3.6,
3.3, and 2.2, respectively). 相似文献
13.
Sreenivasulu Ganugapenta Jayaraju Nadimikeri Sundara Raja Reddy Balam Chinnapolla Lakshmanna Ballari Rajasekhar Madiga Nirmala K Lakshmi Prasad Tella 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(3):294-302
Sediment from twelve stations was sampled from the Tupilipalem Coast, southeast coast of India, and the presence of a set of heavy metals was established including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). The heavy metals were assessed by factor analysis, the results of which showed positive and/or negative correlations among Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd. Factor analysis also indicated that heavy metals in the sediments of the study area have different natural and anthropogenic sources. Similarly, a sediment pollution assessment was done using the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The Geoaccumulation Index indicated that the surface sediment of the Tupilipalem Coast was extremely contaminated with Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The calculation of enrichment factors showed a significant enrichment with respect to Pb, Zn, and Cd and a moderate enrichment with Cr, Cu, and Ni. The falling trend of average contents’ enrichment factors is Cd> Pb> Zn> Cu> Cr> Ni> Mn> Fe. The PLI values of the Cd show higher (>1) values due to the influence of distinct external sources like agricultural runoff, industrial activities, and other anthropogenic inputs. Ninety two percent of heavy metals under study showed the highest concentrations at station TP-5 where the Buckingham Canal and other agricultural and aquacultural effluents connect with the Bay of Bengal. This location is the second inlet which is periodically closed and it seemed that these parts of the study area are heavily affected by anthropogenic pollution. 相似文献
14.
太湖表层沉积物重金属元素的来源分析 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38
根据太湖MS岩芯重金属元素与Al的线性回归分析及元素/Al、V/Al比率散点图变化规律,讨论了太湖沉积物中重金属元素的来源特征。结果表明:20世纪20年代中期以前,重金属元素主要为自然来源;20年代中期—70年代中期,尽管沉积物中Al、Fe、Zn、Mn、V、Cr等重金属元素含量随沉积物粒度变粗而明显下降,但除Hg受到一定程度的人为污染之外,其它重金属元素仍以自然来源为主,物源有所变化;70年代末期以来,沉积物中重金属元素人为污染逐渐加重,Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg、As等元素既有流域母质来源,又受到一定程度的人为污染。 相似文献
15.
《Limnologica》2014
Human activities in Lake Fuxian and its catchment have caused environmental changes that are preserved in the geochemical records of lake sediments. Human activities responsible for the environmental changes include agriculture, mining, industrial development, and fishery management. To elucidate human impacts on this deep water body during the past several decades, two short sediment cores were collected from the lake, dated by 137Cs, and analyzed for several geochemical variables (total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), δ13C and heavy metals). The multi-proxy geochemical and isotopic evidence can be used to divide the limnological record into a 3-part history. Although increasing inputs of chromium (Cr) had begun as early as the 1950s, human activities, including heavy metal contamination, apparently had little effect on lacustrine production, as δ13C, TOC, TN and TOC/TN were relatively constant until the 1980s. Mining and industry have generated large amounts of heavy metal elements such as Zn, Pb and Cd that have been deposited into the lake since the 1980s, increasing to their highest concentrations over the last decades. Zn, Pb and Cd probably were released by industrial processes such as the manufacture of cement. Cr concentrations increased at site FB, but declined at site FZ, most likely due to the closer proximity of site FB to the source of metal production. From the middle of the 1980s, the decreased δ13C, and increased TOC, TN and TOC/TN suggest a broad change in lake ecology. In the 1980s, a new fish species was introduced into Lake Fuxian and fish yields increased quickly, which may mark the beginning of a change in ecosystem structure. 相似文献
16.
Spatial distribution of cadmium and lead in the sediments of the western Anzali wetlands on the coast of the Caspian Sea (Iran) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Abbas Esmaili-Sari Jahangard Mohammadi Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari Mozhgan Savabieasfahani 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
Spatial distribution patterns of total cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), their bioavailable fractions and total organic matter in sediment from Anzali wetlands are provided. Total sediment Pb was higher than Cd (34.95 versus 0.024 μg/g dry weight). The geoaccumulation index indicated that the sediment was “uncontaminated”, but some stations were categorized as “unpolluted” to “moderately polluted”. Less than 0.01 of Pb existed in exchangeable and carbonate fractions. The sum of exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions of Cd was 42%, suggesting that Cd poses high risk to the aquatic ecosystems. Total Cd and Pb exhibited positive relationships with total organic matter. Considering spatial distribution maps of total and bioavailable fractions of metals suggested that high concentrations of metals does not necessarily indicate high bioavailable fraction. The methodologies we used in this study can be in more effective management of aquatic ecosystems, as well as ecological risk assessment of metals, and remediation programs. 相似文献
17.
鄱阳湖饶河段重金属污染水平与迁移特性 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
鄱阳湖饶河入湖段是鄱阳湖重金属污染最严重的水域之一,为了研究其污染现状,本文于2005年3月平水期对鄱阳湖饶河段的水体、底泥、土壤及水生植物的重金属污染水平及迁移特性进行了调查与分析．结果表明,饶河段水体中的重金属除Pb的含量超出地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准外,其它各项监测指标均能达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准．饶河段底泥及河滩土壤的重金属含量平均值与国家土壤环境质量相比,Zn、Cd的平均值超出了三级标准,而Cu、Pb的含量指标均符合三级标准;通过地质积累指数评价结果表明,饶河段重金属底泥除Zn污染为中度污染以外,其他各种重金属污染为轻度污染或偏中度污染,且饶河段底泥中Cu、Zn、Ph三种重金属元素之间呈极显著正相关．饶河段水生植物对Cu、 Zn、Ph都有不同程度的富集;根据富集系数评价表明,植物对Cu的平均富集能力相对较强些,其次是Pb和Zn,多数水生植物表现出对Cd具有一定的抗性． 相似文献
18.
Feridon GHADIMI 《国际泥沙研究》2014,29(2):159-170
Five sediment zones（20 samples） were collected in Mighan Lake,near Arak city in Markazi province,and were analyzed to reveal element sources and assess the quality of metal contamination.Both anthropogenic and natural origins were identified by correlation,factor,and cluster analyse.According to the enrichment factors（EF） of trace metals（Ba,Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sr,Zr,and Zn）,three groups were identified.Enriched trace elements included：Ni,Zn,and Sr.Comparisons with contamination degree and benchmark sediment quality criteria and guidelines showed that Mighan Lake has potential for adverse effects on aquatic biota because of Ni,Zn,and Cr. 相似文献
19.
20.
白洋淀沉积物-沉水植物-水系统重金属污染分布特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过对白洋淀沉水植物及对应沉积物和水中Cd、Pb、As含量测定,以期揭示白洋淀沉积物-沉水植物-水系统中重金属污染状况及分布规律,明确不同沉水植物对重金属的富集能力.结果表明,地表水Cd、Pb、As浓度均符合我国地表水I类水质标准,不同采样区重金属浓度差异不显著.上覆水Pb浓度显著高于地表水和间隙水,间隙水As浓度显著高于地表水和上覆水;地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,沉积物中重金属污染程度表现为Cd > Pb > As,Cd污染最严重,达到"轻度-偏重度"污染程度,"中等-极强"生态危害级别,As为清洁水平,不同采样区重金属污染程度表现为生活水产养殖区 > 纳污区 > 淀边缘区;沉水植物重金属富集能力表现为金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum L.） > 菹草（Potamogeton crispus L.）和穗状狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum L.） > 篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus L.）.植物体内重金属含量与体内氮、磷含量呈显著正相关,氮、磷营养盐影响沉水植物对重金属的富集. 相似文献