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1.
南沙海区礼乐盆地沉积地层与构造特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对地震剖面、钻井及拖网采样资料的分析,认为礼乐盆地发育有海相的中、新生代地层,存在晚白垩世与晚渐新世两个区域性不整合面,将沉积层分为三套构造层:下构造层较厚,为中生代地层,表现为翘倾断块和宽缓背斜两种构造样式;中构造层较薄甚至局部缺失,为古新世-早渐新世充填的张裂期沉积,表现为半地堑构造样式;上构造层为晚渐新统至第四系沉积,充填区域沉降期海相地层,地层较为平稳。在中构造层沉积过程中发育多排NE向控洼断裂,断裂倾向NW,形成多个半地堑,控制了新生代早期的沉积充填,同时也表现出礼乐盆地在新生代早期受明显的张裂作用。通过对各构造层的构造、沉积特征分析,认为礼乐盆地经历了挤压、拉张、漂移、区域沉降四个构造演化阶段,是一个以中生代地层为主的叠合盆地。 相似文献
2.
中卫断裂带在晚更新世以来的左旋走滑运动中,先存的挤压逆掩、逆冲断裂带发生了分化。某些断层或断层段继续活动;另一些先存断层在晚更新世以来不再活动;此外,还发育了一些新断层。因此,我们把中卫断裂带划分出三种断层类型,即新生断层、继承性断层和遗弃断层。新生断层就是指：在某次构造运动中新发育的断层。具体到中卫断裂带来说,就是指晚更新世以来新发育的断层。这类断层是中卫断裂带左旋走滑运动的产物。在早期的挤压逆断运动中这些断层并不存在。通过对新生断层的调查研究可以获得以下资料。①反演晚更新世以来的构造应力场;②确定晚期构造运动的起始时代;③估算断层的断错幅度和速率。继承性断层就是指：在早期的挤压逆掩（冲）活动中就已经存在的断层或断层段,在晚期的左旋走滑运动中继续活动。继承性断层的最大优点是包含了较多的信息量。①继承性断层记录了多期构造运动的信息;②继承性断层是中卫断裂带多期活动的见证;③继承性断层是研究构造演化过程的重要依据。遗弃断层就是指：某些断层或断层段在早期构造运动中是主体断裂带的一部分,其活动习性与主体断裂带基本一致。当早期的构造运动终止之后,这些断层或断层段在后继的构造运动中不再活动,也就是说这些断层被遗弃。遗弃断层的作用就在于它保留了早期构造运动的大部或全部信息,这些信息基本上没有受到后期构造运动的干扰破坏。因而通过对遗弃断层的研究可以获得早期构造运动的主要信息。①确定早期构造运动终止的年代;②反演早期构造应力场方向;③研究断层的滑动方式,即粘滑和蠕滑。 相似文献
3.
Earthquake-related Tectonic Deformation of Soft-sediments and Its Constraints on Basin Tectonic Evolution 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LU Hongbo ZHANG Yuxu ZHANG Qiling XIAO Jiafei 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(5):724-732
The authors introduced two kinds of newly found soft-sediment deformation-synsedimentary extension structure and syn-sedimentary compression structure, and discuss their origins and constraints on basin tectonic evolution. One representative of the syn-sedimentary extension structure is syn-sedimentary boudinage structure, while the typical example of the syn-sedimentary compression structure is compression sand pillows or compression wrinkles. The former shows NW-SE-trendlng contemporaneous extension events related to earthquakes in the rift basin near a famous Fe-Nb-REE deposit in northern China during the Early Paleozoic （or Mesoproterozoic as proposed by some researches）, while the latter indicates NE-SW-trending contemporaneous compression activities related to earthquakes in the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang remnant basin covering south Guizhou, northwestern Guangxi and eastern Yunnan in southwestern China. The syn-sedimentary boudinage structure was found in an earthquake slump block in the lower part of the Early Paleozoic Sailinhudong Group, 20 km to the southeast of Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, north of China. The slump block is composed of two kinds of very thin layers-pale-gray micrite （microcrystalline limestone） of 1-2 cm thick interbedded with gray muddy micrite layers with the similar thickness. Almost every thin muddy micrite layer was cut into imbricate blocks or boudins by abundant tiny contemporaneous faults, while the interbedded micrite remain in continuity. Boudins form as a response to layer-parallel extension （and/or layer-perpendicular flattening） of stiff layers enveloped top and bottom by mechanically soft layers. In this case, the imbricate blocks cut by the tiny contemporaneous faults are the result of abrupt horizontal extension of the crust in the SE-NW direction accompanied with earthquakes. Thus, the rock block is, in fact, a kind of seismites. The syn-sedimentary boudins indicate that there was at least a strong earthquake belt on the southeast side of the basin during the early stage of the Sailinhudong Group. This may be a good constraint on the tectonic evolution of the Bayan Obo area during the Early Paleozoic time. The syn-sedimentary compression structure was found in the Middle Triassic flysch in the Nanpanjiang Basin. The typical structures are compression sand pillows and compression wrinkles. Both of them were found on the bottoms of sand units and the top surface of the underlying mud units. In other words, the structures were found only in the interfaces between the graded sand layer and the underlying mud layer of the flysch. A deformation experiment with dough was conducted, showing that the tectonic deformation must have been instantaneous one accompanied by earthquakes. The compression sand pillows or wrinkles showed uniform directions along the bottoms of the sand layer in the flysch, revealing contemporaneous horizontal compression during the time between deposition and diagenesis of the related beds. The Nanpanjiang Basin was affected, in general, with SSW-NNE compression during the Middle Triassic, according to the syn-sedimentary compression structure. The two kinds of syn-sedimentary tectonic deformation also indicate that the related basins belong to a rift basin and a remnant basin, respectively, in the model of Wilson Cycle. 相似文献
4.
川西坳陷上侏罗统蓬莱镇组为前陆盆地上红层碎屑岩建造。笔者应用成因地层学原理和层序地层学研究方法,对川西地区蓬莱镇组开展露头层序,测井层序及地震层序的综合研究,划分出区域上可供对比的５个构造－充填层序（Ｓ１－Ｓ５０,并对每个层序的层序界面,沉积体系和岩相古地理展布与演化特征进行了讨论,为查明蓬莱镇组沉积相的时空配置关系,正确建立区域地层格架,开展有利储集相带的预测奠定基础。 相似文献
5.
A.C. Grant 《Tectonophysics》1979,59(1-4)
Multichannel reflection seismic profiles extending southward from the Grand Banks show gently dipping reflectors within “basement” features underlying the Newfoundland Ridge. These reflections appear to be from sedimentary strata, indicating that the Newfoundland Ridge is a remnant of a former sedimentary basin, rather than a ridge of oceanic crust as prescribed by plate tectonic models. Probably this feature is underlain, and to some extent surrounded by, continental crust. 相似文献
6.
地壳中的热流体活动与油气运移 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：22
地壳中的热流体活动实际就是地壳流体作用，是最近十多年来才被认识到并发展起来的前沿科学。地壳流体起着传输能量和搬运物质的作用，是地壳中最活跃的一种营力，直接影响和控制着整个地壳的构造、沉积、成岩和成矿等作用。通过对地壳流体的研究可能产生全新的地质科学理论。油气运移是发生在沉积盆地中的热流活动，它贯穿在整个油气的生成、运移、聚集和散失过程中，直接控制着油气藏的形成并影响着盆地中的构造活动和成岩作用。研究油气运移可以为研究整个地壳流体提供一个窗口和借鉴。不连续的幕式排烃机理可以使人们联想到地壳深部的变质流体也可能呈幕式活动并产生幕式的构造运动。在深部流体活动的作用下有必要对石油的无机成因学说、热降解机理和深盆热水运移等问题重新进行评估。 相似文献
7.
范国清 《沉积与特提斯地质》1990,10(3):1-8
1986—1989年,作者参与了辽宁石炭二叠纪岩相古地理研究专题工作,其间曾赴河南、山西等地考查、学习,积累了中朝板块东部的一些资料,现对研究区石炭纪的沉积特征、古构造、古地理及海侵等有关问题讨论如下(按石炭系三分;由于山西组的时代尚有争论,本文只讨论石炭系本溪组(群)和太原组)。一、区域地质背景本文讨论范围包括吉南、辽东(南)、山东、河北、山西、河南、苏皖及朝鲜半岛北部等中朝板块东部地区。近年来,中朝板块的前寒武纪杂岩中测得超过3400Ma的放射性年龄资料已达14件(王东方,1986),说明其不仅是我国也是全球最古老的地块之一。其上的 相似文献
8.
桑植-石门构造带是湘鄂西构造带最东边的一个二级构造单元,紧密接壤雪峰陆内变形系统的北西侧,属于二者之间的盆地过渡带,同时也是一个典型的多旋回叠合的复合沉积区。该地区自前寒武纪以来长期受板块构造运动和陆内造山运动的影响,构造轴迹由NNE-SSW 向逐渐过渡到近E-W 向,构造变形极其复杂。对该构造带进行精细的构造解析有助于揭示雪峰山和川东-湘鄂西构造带之间的过渡关系以及探究中上扬子陆内构造的变形机制,对复杂地形区的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。在此之前,受限于地震资料的品质和数量,前人对湘鄂西-雪峰山之间过渡带的构造变形特征,构造演化及其动力机制的认识还不完善,尚需进一步深化。本文以最新的二维地震资料为基础,结合浅表地质资料和测井资料,依据断层相关褶皱原理,精细刻画了桑植-石门构造带的构造特征,建立了构造带内南、北段相应的地质结构演化模型：桑植-石门构造带南、北段的变形过程大体相似,都是在反冲断层与低角度逆冲推覆断层共同作用下构成了原地埋藏体,之后受燕山期以来的多幕构造运动影响,逐步形成现今的褶皱形态。但二者之间也存在着一定的差异。导致其差异的主控因素：1）“钉线”与变形带之间的距离;2） 后缘的雪峰推覆体的差异变形。 相似文献
9.
甘肃省漳县盐矿赋存于西秦岭北缘断裂带漳县段新近纪含盐红层沉积盆地。漳县盐矿层赋存于漳县含盐红层盆地上部巨厚的灰色-灰红色泥岩-泥灰岩岩系中。通过分析含盐岩系沉积旋回序列和沉积特征,结合含盐盆地的区域地质构造背景,认为漳县岩盐矿床沉积环境具有内陆湖泊型的盐湖相特征。由灰红-灰绿色泥岩、灰色泥质灰岩、灰黑色泥灰岩及芒硝-石膏-岩盐层构成的灰色含盐岩系,沉积韵律旋回极为发育,具有大旋回套小旋回的特征,厚度达750m,说明漳县盐矿的形成不仅与干旱-湿润气候的周期性旋回变化有关,还需有较大深度的湖盆和较大范围汇水区域的盐类物质补给。由此推断漳县岩盐矿床是内陆湖泊型盐矿,具有高山深盆成盐的特征。 相似文献
10.
湘中盆地基底的时代格架:来自锡矿山碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的证据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
湘中盆地中部锡矿山晚古生代沉积地层中含有大量碎屑锆石,U-Pb同位素年龄显示这些锆石形成于3400~350Ma。在年龄谱系图上它们呈多个时间区段分布,反映出湘中地区对华南大陆所经历的印支运动之前的各期重要构造变革均有物质响应。根据不同时段锆石年龄范围,结合区域构造演化特征,厘定出湘中盆地的垂向物质组合从下向上主要包括:结晶基底(1.9Ga)、变质基底(1.9~0.54Ga)、微(或未)变质基底(0.54~0.41Ga)以及表层的沉积盖层(0.41Ga),并根据不同层锆石的年龄组合特征,以及岩层发育过程中对应的构造事件,对盆地基底-盖层框架中各物质层的形成环境进行了阐述。此外,通过对比煌斑岩与其围岩锆石的U-Pb年龄结构,结合野外地质特征以及前人的研究结果,得出该煌斑岩中锆石是熔体形成期间残留的锆石,而非其上升过程中捕获自围岩。由这些锆石大多形成于840~700Ma断定,锡矿山煌斑岩主要的物质来源是盆地的中上部变质基底,明确了煌斑岩熔体及与之相关流体获取物质补充的层位在基底-盖层框架中的位置。这些工作可为进一步探讨超大型Sb成矿作用与岩浆作用的耦合关系提供理论基础。 相似文献
11.
Continental transform boundaries in detail consist of zones of fault-bounded blocks adjacent to the principal active transform fault(s). Relative movement of these blocks in response to plate boundary motions gives rise to differential vertical displacements of the earth's crust and hence exercises a degree of control on the tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins adjacent to the transform boundary. The Cenozoic sedimentary basins of southwest New Zealand have several features in common that may be attributed directly to the movement on the adjacent plate boundary. However, their location, detailed sedimentary evolution and tectonic development may best be understood in the context of the relative displacements of a number of fault-bounded blocks, in response to the plate motions. In particular, movements of the Fiordland block, bounded by the Alpine and Moonlight fault zones, exercised a large measure of influence on the development of the basins. The tectonic model presented is consistent with plate boundary motions inferred from marine magnetic anomalies while at the same time providing an explanation for many of the more detailed features of the basins. 相似文献
12.
变质作用是地壳历史发展中的一种重要的地质作用,并随地壳的演化而表现为不同的变质作用类型。过去称为区域变质作用可根据其所处的大地构造环境而分为不同的变质作用类型,而大地构造环境的一个重要方面则是它的原岩建造的特性。变质作用开始的大地构造环境一般可认为是具有活动特点的下沉带,表现为巨厚的 相似文献
13.
Recent studies in northern Switzerland have shown that epicontinental areas thought to have been tectonically stable during the Mesozoic were not necessarily as rigid as presumed. By comparing Oxfordian facies boundaries and depocenters in their palinspastic position with known faults in the basement, a direct relationship between the two can be demonstrated. Previously, the lack of obvious synsedimentary tectonic features has lulled scientists into believing that the realm of the Swiss Jura was tectonically stable during the Mesozoic. However, it can be shown that facies and sedimentary structures are largely influenced by tectonics. Subsurface data provide evidence for the presence of Paleozoic troughs in the basement which, apparently, were prone to reactivation during the Pan-European stress-field reorganization taking place in the Late Jurassic. This led to differential subsidence along pre-existing lineaments within the study area, which can be recognized in the distribution of Oxfordian epicontinental basins and their coeval shallow-water counterparts. Eustatic sea-level fluctuations played an important role in the development of shallow-water facies patterns, but a subordinate role in the control of accommodation space in basins.
While tectonic activity is often recorded in the sedimentary record in the form of platform break-ups and associated sedimentary debris, more subtle indicators may be overlooked or even misinterpreted. Sedimentary structures and isopach maps, as well as subsurface data in the study area suggest that subtle synsedimentary tectonic movements led to the formation of two shallow, diachronous epicontinental basins during the Late Jurassic. It becomes possible to recognize and differentiate the combined effects of local and regional tectonism, eustasy and sedimentation. 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘处在阿拉善地块、鄂尔多斯地块及北祁连褶皱带之间的特殊构造位置,因而也是构造-沉积演化特征明显不同于盆地本部的一个复杂构造区。本文试图在西缘南段与盆地本部沉积演化特征对比分析的基础上,结合构造演化与古生界天然气成藏关系的研究,评价优选西缘南段古生界天然气成藏的有利区带和目标。主要形成以下几方面的认识：1）相对盆地本部而言,西缘南段早古生代沉积结束的晚、晚古生代沉积开始的早,表现出拉张、裂陷为主的早期构造活动特征,形成上、下古生界两套有利的成藏组合;中生代（尤其是侏罗纪）以来,则由于受冲断推覆构造活动的影响,西缘南段侏罗系及其后续构造层系的地层厚度在横向上变化较大,各构造层系的厚度差异可达千余米以上;2）西缘南段在大规模冲断推覆构造前即已基本成藏,燕山中-晚期以来的强烈冲断推覆构造,使部分地区古生界地层抬升剥露至近地表附近,导致古生界先成气藏遭受大面积破坏;3）在推覆体系的宽缓向斜区、以及主冲断层下盘的原地岩体中,古生界地层保存相对完整,受断裂破坏程度低,仍具有相对较好的保存条件;4）综合分析认为石沟驿向斜、韦州向斜、红寺堡向斜及银洞子向斜等4个宽缓向斜构造区的上古生界,以及处在惠安堡-沙井子主冲断层下盘原地岩体中的奥陶系台缘相带,是西缘南段古生界岩性圈闭气藏勘探的有利目标。 相似文献
15.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1562-1568
This article discusses the historical tectonic development of the portion of Siberia lying within the Arctic Circle. The exposed rocks are referred to seven tectonic or geotectonic stages: Archean, Proterozoic, Sinian, lower to middle Paleozoic, upper Paleozoic to lower Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Locally on the Shorikka and Kamennaya, the nearly horizontal Lower Cambrian beds overlie the Sinian with angular unconformity. In contrast, isolated areas on the west side of the Yenisey show a gradational relationship between the Late Sinian and Early Cambrian beds in a dominantly carbonate succession. The present tectonic elements of the Siberian platform were developed in Mesozoic-Cenozoic time, and differential movements in the basement have continued into Neogene time. The sedimentary platform cover was enlarged by sedimentary overlap from Sinian to mid-Paleozoic time. The sediment came from the older fold systems. The major structures are measured in terms of variations in stratigraphic thickness, but details are unfortunately omitted. The main features are delineated on a geotectonic map embracing 42 map units and symbols. The map lacks basic reference data, geographic designations, scale, and other essential information. — B. N. Cooper. 相似文献
16.
陆源碎屑岩是陆相沉积盆地的主要充填物，其成分主要受物源区母岩成分控制。通过系统分析碎屑岩成分特点可以再造沉积盆地的构造演化历史。对吐哈盆地分别采用岩矿和地球化学分析手段进行系统分析，结果显示两种分析所得结构吻合性极好，反映盆地的构造演化分为二叠纪、三叠纪－侏罗纪以及白垩纪－第三纪3个演化阶段，在各阶段地层成分出现较大差异，是盆地及相邻地区遭受构造运动改造的结果。 相似文献
17.
Pebbly mudstones are a conspicuous element of sedimentary sequences deposited in different tectonic settings and sedimentary environments. Whereas for many diamictites a glacial origin seems plausible, the problem to distinguish glacial from non-glacial diamictites is often difficult for Precambrian examples where palaeoclimatic constraints are generally lacking. This article documents an Eocene pebbly mudstone of the Southhelvetic nappes of eastern Central Switzerland (Blockmergel) for which a glacial origin can be firmly rejected and which may thus serve as an example for non-glacial marine diamictites and their sedimentary and palaeotectonic environment. The Blockmergel are interpreted as the product of gravitational deposition of single blocks across steep palaeo-slopes (subaqueous rockfall) into a basin otherwise dominated by suspension settling sedimentation. The Blockmergel occur within the basal part of the early fill of the North Alpine Foreland Basin, which constitutes a deepening upward sequence above basal shallow marine limestones. The Blockmergel demonstrate substantial Middle to Late Eocene sub-aerial erosion and fluvial transport (producing the rounded pebbles) and local extensional fault movements in the proximal part of the incipient North Alpine Foreland Basin. They are capped sharply by forced-regressive shoreface sandstones and the whole sequence thus demonstrates locally very shallow to subaerial conditions within an otherwise rather deep hemipelagic marine basin. This, and the extensional fault movements, are linked to a long-standing feature of Helvetic palaeogeography—the Southhelvetic swell zone. That this swell still operated during the Priabonian i.e. shortly before finally being overthrust by the orogenic wedge of the evolving Alpine orogen is a new element in Alpine palaeotectonics and seems to highlight the importance of the reactivation of inherited palaeotectonic faults. Finally, the example of the Blockmergel is suggested as a useful analogue to help distinguishing glacial-sourced from slope-derived diamictites in the Neoproterozoic sedimentary record and may thus help resolving the “diamictite dichotomy”. 相似文献
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汊涧斜坡带位于金湖凹陷西斜坡南部,第三系沉积期间主要经历了吴堡和三垛运动,形成了复杂的断裂体系,属复杂断块油藏,区内低级序断层较为发育。根据断层平面展布确定阜宁期最小主应力方向为北北西350°,采用有限元法建立地质模型并进行构造应力场数值模拟,计算得出各应力分布,并据此对低级序断层发育规律进行预测。研究表明,汊涧斜坡带阜宁期最大、最小主应力均为水平方向,形成的低级序断层具有张扭性特征;低级序断层的发育主要受最大与最小主应力差值及剪应力控制,主应力差值控制断层优势发育地区,平面剪应力控制断层走向,剖面剪应力控制断层倾向。 相似文献
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苏丹Muglad盆地是重要的油气探区,受区域构造的影响,早白垩世沉积储层发育演化与构造演化密切相关。在盆内地震、测井及岩心资料综合分析的基础上,重点对4区西斜坡早白垩世的沉积层序特征及其控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：Muglad盆地经历了3次裂谷断陷活动及其后裂谷期的3次热沉降坳陷活动,形成了6个二级层序;在二级层序格架内将白垩系Abu Gabra组至古近系Adok组划分13个三级层序;早白垩世断陷期主要发育湖泊及辫状河三角洲沉积体系,坳陷期主要发育辫状河及三角洲沉积体系;断陷-坳陷的构造演化和同沉积断裂对不同期层序的沉积体系发育具有明显的控制作用。 相似文献