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1.
利用1960—2003年登陆影响我国的热带气旋及其造成的降水资料, 对44年间登陆我国热带气旋降水时空变化特征进行统计分析。结果表明:热带气旋降水与热带气旋登陆活动相一致, 主要发生在5—11月, 其中7—9月为盛期; 热带气旋降水量以及热带气旋暴雨日数的分布是自南向北、从沿海到内陆迅速减小, 最大出现在海南和华南、东南沿海地区; 热带气旋强度越强其最大过程降水一般也就越大, 但是两者并非严格的线性关系; 1960年以来, 我国受热带气旋影响的绝大部分地区热带气旋降水呈波动下降的趋势。 相似文献
2.
华南前汛期盛期中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1958~2011年中国东部(105°E以东)316站逐日降水观测资料及环流逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨华南前汛期盛期(5月21日至6月10日)中国东部降水异常模态及对应大气环流特征和可能成因。分析发现,华南前汛期盛期中国东部降水异常表现为两个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为华南全区一致型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,整个华南降水偏多(少),黄河中游降水偏少(多);第二模态为华南沿海东部型,当其时间系数为正(负)时,华南沿海东部降水偏多(少),而长江中下游降水偏少(多)。研究发现,造成华南前汛期盛期两个降水型的环流特征有明显差异:全区一致型降水主要受东亚高空西风急流南北偏移、副热带高压脊东西偏移及低层南海北部异常风场影响;沿海东部型降水主要由东亚高空西风急流强弱及位置异常、副热带高压强弱变化、低层日本以南西太平洋异常风场导致。此外,两个降水型对应环流异常的成因也各不相同。第一模态中高层环流异常由丝绸之路遥相关型导致,低层风场异常在5月下旬由阿拉伯海向下游传播的风场异常波列引起,在6月上旬则由西太平洋西移的异常反气旋(气旋)造成。第二模态的中高层环流异常先后由极地—欧亚遥相关型、环球遥相关型引起,低层风场异常由高层环流异常的动力作用造成。两降水型均存在整层深厚的垂直运动,但第一模态的垂直运动在高层闭合且对应显著的辐合辐散异常,第二模态则不具有上述特征。 相似文献
3.
北方雨季中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据1958～2011年中国东部（105°E以东）316站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨北方雨季（7月11日至8月31日）中国东部降水异常模态及同期、前期的大气环流特征。分析发现,北方雨季中国东部降水异常表现为三个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为偏西型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,河套地区降水偏多（少）,江淮流域上游降水偏少（多）,南方大部降水偏多（少）;第二模态为北方一致型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,北方降水一致偏多（少）,长江流域降水偏少（多）;第三模态为偏东型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,东北南部至长江中游降水偏多（少）,华东沿海降水偏少（多）。研究发现,造成北方雨季三个降水异常模态的环流特征各不相同:偏西型降水主要受西亚高空副热带西风急流位置南北偏移影响;北方一致型降水主要由东亚-太平洋遥相关波列导致;偏东型降水主要与海陆气压异常对比造成的东亚夏季风变化有关。此外,三个模态与前期环流异常有密切联系。第一模态的正（负）异常由7月上旬200 hPa来自北大西洋的异常波列造成乌拉尔山位势高度负（正）异常和巴尔喀什湖以南位势高度正（负）异常引起。第二模态的正（负）异常与前期7月上旬200 hPa北大西洋上位势高度负（正）异常产生的沿中纬度（高纬度）路径向下游传播的波列有关。第三模态的正（负）异常由春季3月份低层蒙古上空异常的气旋（反气旋）持续至同期造成。 相似文献
4.
The second EOF(EOF2) mode of interannual variation in summer rainfall over East China is characterized by inverse rainfall changes between South China(SC) and the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys(YH).However,understanding of the EOF2 mode is still limited.In this study,the authors identify that the EOF2 mode physically depicts the latitudinal variation of the climatological summer-mean rainy belt along the Yangtze River valley(YRRB),based on a 160-station rainfall dataset in China for the period 1951-2011.The latitudinal variation of the YRRB is mostly attributed to two different rainfall patterns:one reflects the seesaw(SS) rainfall changes between the YH and SC(SS pattern),and the other features rainfall anomalies concentrated in SC only(SC pattern).Corresponding to a southward shift of the YRRB,the SS pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC and below-normal rainfall in the YH,is related to a cyclonic anomaly centered over the SC-East China Sea region,with a northerly anomaly blowing from the YH to SC;while the SC pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC,is related to an anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific(WNP),corresponding to an enhanced southwest monsoon over SC.The cyclonic anomaly,related to the SS pattern,is induced by a near-barotropic eastward propagating wave train along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet,originating from the mid-high latitudes of the North Atlantic.The anticyclonic anomaly,for the SC pattern,is related to suppressed rainfall in the WNP. 相似文献
5.
中国东南部地区4-6月强降水的低频变化特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用全国2 400多台站逐日降水资料,分析了中国东南部地区4—6月10~30 d低频强降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:4—6月10~30 d低频强降水的方差大值区在中国的长江及其以南地区,中心位于江南的中东部,东南部地区4—6月10~30 d低频强降水距平的第一模态反映该区域呈一致变化。功率谱分析表明第一模态时间变化的周期以10~30 d低频分量为主。根据区域强降水及其10~30 d低频强降水、区域强降水正交经验函数(EOF)分析的第一模态时间系数(PC1)及PC1的10~30 d低频分量的年际方差,结合它们两两之间逐年的相关系数,确定了区域强降水10~30 d强振荡典型年份。对典型年降水异常分布的方差分析,表明强振荡年区域总降水量异常主要是由10~30 d强降水的低频变化引起的。 相似文献
6.
Wei Chen Xiaowei Hong Riyu Lu Aifen Jin Shizhu Jin Jae-Cheol Nam Jin-Ho Shin Tae-Young Goo Baek-Jo Kim 《大气科学进展》2016,33(1):1-9
This study investigates the interannual variation of summer surface air temperature over Northeast Asia(NEA) and its associated circulation anomalies.Two leading modes for the temperature variability over NEA are obtained by EOF analysis.The first EOF mode is characterized by a homogeneous temperature anomaly over NEA and therefore is called the NEA mode.This anomaly extends from southeast of Lake Baikal to Japan,with a central area in Northeast China.The second EOF mode is characterized by a seesaw pattern,showing a contrasting distribution between East Asia(specifically including the Changbai Mountains in Northeast China,Korea,and Japan) and north of this region.This mode is named the East Asia(EA) mode.Both modes contribute equivalently to the temperature variability in EA.The two leading modes are associated with different circulation anomalies.A warm NEA mode is associated with a positive geopotential height anomaly over NEA and thus a weakened upper-tropospheric westerly jet.On the other hand,a warm EA mode is related to a positive height anomaly over EA and a northward displaced jet.In addition,the NEA mode tends to be related to the Eurasian teleconnection pattern,while the EA mode is associated with the East Asia-Pacific/PacificJapan pattern. 相似文献
7.
This study investigates the tropical cyclone (TC) activity associated with the two leading modes of interannual variability in synoptic disturbances. Both leading modes are found to be related to a dipole pattern of TC occurrence between the subtropical western North Pacific and the South China Sea. Therefore, in this study we performed composite analyses on TC tracks and landfalls, based on the cases of combined modes, to highlight the differences. The composite results indicate that these cases are characterized by distinct features of TC tracks and landfalls: more TCs tend to take recurving tracks and attack eastern China, Korea and Japan, or more TCs exhibit straight-moving tracks and hit the Philippines, Vietnam and southern China. Further analyses suggest that these distinctions in the TC prevailing tracks and landfalls can be attributed to the differences in large-scale steering flow and TC genesis location. 相似文献
8.
The variability of the summer rainfall over China is analyzed using the EOF procedure with a new parameter （namely, mode station variance percentage） based on 1951-2000 summer rainfall data from 160 stations in China. Compared with mode variance friction, the mode station variance percentage not only reveals more localized characteristics of the variability of the summer rainfall, but also helps to distinguish the regions with a high degree of dominant EOF modes representing the analyzed observational variable. The atmospheric circulation diagnostic studies with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data from 1966 to 2000 show that in summer, abundant （scarce） rainfall in the belt-area from the upper-middle reaches of the Yangtze River northeastward to the Huaihe River basin is linked to strong （weak） heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau, while the abundant （scarce） rainfall in the area to the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River is closely linked to the weak （strong） heat sources over the tropical western Pacific. 相似文献
9.
中国东北地区冬季气温趋势及反相模态分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1951—2010年我国东北地区共97个台站的逐月气温资料,应用trend-EOF和EOF分析方法研究了我国东北地区冬季气温的趋势模态和反相模态及其影响因子。trend-EOF的结果表明,东北地区均为一致型的趋势变化,trend-PC1有明显的年代际周期变化和更长期的上升趋势变化特征。去除全球变暖信号后的EOF分析结果表明:第一模态仍为全区一致型的空间分布,而第二模态的空间分布呈现南北反相型的分布特征,是东北冬季气温变化模态中极为重要的一部分,对应的时间序列有明显的年际周期变化,前两个模态可以解释总方差80%以上的变化。东北地区全区一致的上升趋势是在全球变暖大背景下发生的,既是对全球变暖的局地响应,同时全球变暖也使大气环流发生了变化,西伯利亚高压减弱,纬向环流增强,导致了东北地区冬季气温全区的上升趋势。赤道东太平洋的异常海温对第二模态的出现具有一定的预示意义,当太平洋出现典型的厄尔尼诺年海温距平场分布特征时,东北南部较常年偏暖,北部地区却较常年偏冷。 相似文献
10.
采用1960~2012年5~6月中国东北地区实况降水资料,依据东北冷涡活动客观识别方法,研究东北冷涡活动对东北地区初夏降水的影响,结果表明:5~6月每次东北冷涡过程维持时间以3~7天为主,且具有频发特征,东北冷涡降水累计量占总降水量的62.5%,给出冷涡降水月强度指数,与同期月降水量年际变化具有很好一致性;东北地区初夏降水与东北冷涡降水EOF分解主要模态十分相近,前两个模态分别为全区一致和东北、西南降水相反分布,各占方差贡献的46.8%与42.7%。冷涡降水具有显著“累积效应”,该累计效应可总体反映初夏东北地区降水异常分布特征,进一步揭示东北冷涡活动的气候学特征。 相似文献
11.
基于Copula函数的中国南方干旱风险特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961—2012年1710个地面气象台站观测的逐日降水资料,对中国大陆雨季特征进行了分析。结果表明,雨季最早到来的地方是藏东南、滇西北的横断山脉中西部地区;接着江南地区进入雨季;之后随着夏季风的爆发,全国大部分地区进入雨季。而雨季结束最早的地区在江南地区,较迟结束的地区在华西地区、南海地区,最迟是在新疆西北部地区。就雨季持续时间而言,华北地区和西藏西部及其与新疆南部相接的部分地区雨季持续时间最短,横断山脉中西部地区、华西地区和南海地区雨季较长。通过对多年平均逐候降水进行经验正交函数(EOF)分解,能较好地将主要的降水季节演变特征分离出来,分析发现,第1、第2和第3模态分别反映了夏季、春季和秋季降水为主要特征的降水空间结构。 相似文献
12.
The dominant patterns of summer rainfall anomalies in East China were studied using Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis.The results indicate that after the late 1970s,the first and second dominant patterns switched.During the period before the late 1970s,the spatial pattern of the first(second) dominant mode was the "Yangtze River pattern"(the "South China pattern"),but this changed to the "South China pattern"(the "Yangtze River pattern") after the late 1970s.This decadal change in the dominant patterns resulted from a significant decadal change in summer rainfall over South China after the late 1970s,i.e.,a negative phase during 1978-1992 and a positive phase during 1993-2006.When the decadal variation of rainfall in East China is omitted from the analysis,the first and second dominant patterns represent the "Yangtze River pattern" and the "South China pattern",respectively.These results suggest that when decadal variation is included,the rainfall in China may be dominated by one mode during certain periods and by another in other periods.For the interannual variability when decadal variation is excluded,however,the first and second modes can be easily distinguished,and their order has been stable since at least 1951. 相似文献
13.
基于秦岭及周边地区394站气象观测资料、欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)再分析ERA-Interim数据,利用小波和回归等分析方法,讨论了秦岭及周边地区夏季降水年际变化的主模态以及与其相联系的大气环流异常。结果表明:1)在年际变化的时间尺度上,秦岭及周边地区夏季降水主要表现为秦岭南北降水的气候差异性变化(EOF1)、黄土高原第二地形抬升带与其两侧降水的反位相振荡(EOF2)、秦岭西南部降水正异常和其东北部降水负异常变化(EOF3)和关中平原的地形降水贡献(EOF4)4个模态,其解释方差总贡献为73%,并且具有显著的2~4 a周期,其中EOF3和EOF4还具有4~8 a左右的年际变化周期。2)回归分析表明,EOF1正位相环流特征表现为200 hPa急流偏弱,中纬度槽填塞,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,有来源于东海的水汽输送,使得秦岭北部降水偏多;EOF2和EOF3分别具有显著的蒙古低压和东北冷涡环流特征;EOF4的500 hPa环流异常不显著。3)根据新定义的秦岭季风指数回归分析表明,回归场的季风指数和降水模态的时间系数显著相关,秦岭北部降水偏多(少),南部降水偏少(多),反映了强(弱)季风年的年际转换。反之则具有多态性,不同年份强(弱)秦岭回归季风指数的环流形势存在较大的差异,可能触发多种降水模态和位相振荡。 相似文献
14.
C. V. Singh 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2004,85(4):227-234
Summary The present study involves the use of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis/Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to compare the dominant rainfall patterns from normal rainfall records over India, coupled with the major modes of the Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR) data for the period (1979–1988) during the monsoon period (June–September). To understand the intraseasonal and interannual variability of the monsoon rainfall, daily and seasonal anomalies have been obtained by using the (EOF) analysis. Importantly, pattern characteristics of seasonal monsoon rainfall covering 68 stations in India are highlighted.The purpose is to ascertain the nature of rainfall distribution over the Indian continent. Based on this, the percentage of variance for both the rainfall and OLR data is examined. OLR has a higher spatial coherence than rainfall. The first principal component of rainfall data shows high positive values, which are concentrated over northeast as well as southeast, whereas for the OLR, the area of large positive values is concentrated over northwest and lower value over south India apart from the Indian ocean. The first five principal components explain 92.20% of the total variance for the rainfall and 99.50% of the total variance for the outgoing long-wave radiation. The relationship between monsoon rainfall and Southern Oscillations has also been examined and for the Southern Oscillations, it is 0.69 for the monsoon season. The El-Niño events mostly occurred during Southern Oscillations, i.e. Walker circulation. It has been found that the average number of low pressure system/low pressure system days play an important role during active (flood) or inactive (drought) monsoon year, but low pressure system days play more important role in comparison to low pressure systems and their ratio are (16:51) and (13:25) respectively. Significantly, the analysis identifies the spatial and temporal pattern characteristics of possible physical significance. 相似文献
15.
Summary The variability and extreme wet anomalies in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) climate are investigated based on a multi-year
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) AGCM ensemble data. While the GCM ensemble average reproduces realistic inter-annual
variability of rainfall pattern over the GHA sub-region compared to observations, there is a distinct northward shift in the
simulated regions of rainfall maxima throughout the season. However, in agreement with observations and many previous studies,
the inter-annual variability derived from leading mode of EOF analysis is dominated by ENSO-related fluctuations. On the other
hand, the spatial pattern corresponding to the second mode (EOF2) exhibits a unique dipole rainfall anomaly pattern (wet/dry
conditions) over the northern/southern halves of our domain during all the three months of the short rains season. When the
3–10 year periodicity is filtered out from the 40-year EOF2 time series of the ensemble mean data, three distinct quasi-decadal
regimes in the rainfall anomalies is exhibited for both monthly and seasonal mean data.
It is also evident from our results that a combination of anomalous surface and mid-tropospheric flow from northwestern and
eastern Atlantic Ocean and easterly flow from the Indian Ocean played a significant role in setting up the non-ENSO related
1961 floods. Coversely, during the ENSO-related 1997 floods, the mid-troposheric flow was characterized by anomalous westerly
flow originating from the Congo rainforest that converged with the flow from Indian Ocean along the East Africa coast and
over eastern/northeastern Kenya. The anomalous moisture flux convergence/divergence in both the ensemble and NCEP reanalysis
is also consistent with the mid-trospheric flow anomalies that are associated with the two wet events. 相似文献
16.
Deo Anil Chand Savin S. Ramsay Hamish Holbrook Neil J. McGree Simon Magee Andrew Bell Samuel Titimaea Mulipola Haruhiru Alick Malsale Philip Mulitalo Silipa Daphne Arieta Prakash Bipen Vainikolo Vaiola Koshiba Shirley 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3967-3993
Southwest Pacific nations are among some of the worst impacted and most vulnerable globally in terms of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding and accompanying risks. This study objectively quantifies the fractional contribution of TCs to extreme rainfall (hereafter, TC contributions) in the context of climate variability and change. We show that TC contributions to extreme rainfall are substantially enhanced during active phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and by El Niño conditions (particularly over the eastern southwest Pacific region); this enhancement is primarily attributed to increased TC activity during these event periods. There are also indications of increasing intensities of TC-induced extreme rainfall events over the past few decades. A key part of this work involves development of sophisticated Bayesian regression models for individual island nations in order to better understand the synergistic relationships between TC-induced extreme rainfall and combinations of various climatic drivers that modulate the relationship. Such models are found to be very useful for not only assessing probabilities of TC- and non-TC induced extreme rainfall events but also evaluating probabilities of extreme rainfall for cases with different underlying climatic conditions. For example, TC-induced extreme rainfall probability over Samoa can vary from ~ 95 to ~ 75% during a La Niña period, if it coincides with an active or inactive phase of the MJO, and can be reduced to ~ 30% during a combination of El Niño period and inactive phase of the MJO. Several other such cases have been assessed for different island nations, providing information that have potentially important implications for planning and preparing for TC risks in vulnerable Pacific Island nations.
相似文献17.
18.
利用1951—2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用EOF（empirical orthogonal function,经验正交函数）展开方法提取了南太平洋12—2月海表温度变化的主要模态,其第一模态反映了ENSO（El Nino-Southern Oscillation）的信号,周期为3～5a;第二模态与南半球环状模（Southern-Hemi-sphere annual mode,SAM）相联系,周期为准两年。结果表明,南太平洋EOF1时间序列处于正（负）相位时华北地区后期5月多（少）雨,同时注意到南、北太平洋EOF1对中国5月降水的影响区域基本一致。南太平洋EOF2时间序列处于正（负）相位时江南地区的夏季平均降水减少（增多）。去掉EOF1和EOF2的线性趋势后,这种显著相关仍然存在,只是显著相关区域有所缩小。利用南、北太平洋EOF1时间序列作为预报因子,建立回归预报方程,可为预测中国华北地区5月降水提供依据 相似文献
19.
应用1979—2010年MRI-CGCM模式回报、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和中国东部降水观测资料检验了模式对东亚夏季风的模拟能力,并利用模式500 hPa高度场回报资料建立了中国东部夏季降水的奇异值分解（SVD）降尺度模型。模式较好地模拟了亚洲季风区夏季降水的气候态,但模拟的季风环流偏弱、偏南,导致降水偏弱。模拟降水的方差明显偏小,且模拟降水的外部、内部方差比值低,模拟降水受模式初值影响较大。模式对长江雨型的模拟能力最高,华南雨型次之,华北雨型最低。模式对东亚夏季风第1模态的模拟能力明显高于第2模态。对于东亚夏季风第1模态,模式模拟出了西太平洋异常反气旋,但强度偏弱,且未模拟出中高纬度的日本海气旋、鄂霍次克海反气旋,导致长江中下游至日本南部降水偏弱。各时次模拟环流均能反映但低估了ENSO衰减、印度洋偏暖对西太平洋反气旋的增强作用。对于东亚夏季风第2模态,模式对西太平洋的“气旋-反气旋”结构有一定的模拟能力,但未模拟出贝加尔湖异常反气旋和东亚沿海异常气旋,导致中国东部“北少南多”雨型在模拟中完全遗漏。仅超前时间小于4个月的模拟降水能够反映ENSO发展对降水分布的作用。通过交叉检验选取左场时间系数可以提高降尺度模型的预测技巧,SVD降尺度模型在华南、江南、淮河、华北4个区域平均距平相关系数分别为0.20、0.23、0.18、0.02,明显高于模式直接输出。 相似文献
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Relationship Between Upper-Ocean Heat Content in the Tropical Indian Ocean and Summer Precipitation in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 An analysis of the Ishii ocean heat content(OHC) in the tropical Indian Ocean from the surface to 700-m depth shows that the OHC changes dramatically on the interannual timescale in the Indian Ocean.The first mode of empirical orthogonal function(EOF1) of the OHC shows that there is a strong air-sea interaction pattern in the Indian Ocean with a positive(negative) loading in the east and a negative(positive) loading in the west.This seesaw oscillation pattern influences the summer precipitation in China with a North-South reversed distribution.Composite analysis shows that during a positive(negative) OHC episode,an anomalous cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation over the western Pacific and South China weakens(enhances) the monsoonal northward flow in the lower troposphere;meanwhile,anomalous meridional circulation connects the descending(ascending) branch over the Southeast Indian Ocean and the ascending(descending) branch in South China as well as a descending(ascending) branch over North China.Analysis of the mechanism behind these features suggests that(1) the accumulation of OHC-induced vorticity is related to the wave activity over the mid-latitudes and that(2) the meridional teleconnection induced by the Indo-Pacific air-OHC interaction appears over East Asia and the western Pacific.Both of these patterns can cause summer precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献