共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):368-374
Abstract Cartographic research has long suggested that preschool and early elementary children possess advanced mapping behaviors in terms of interpreting, making, and using locational and wayfinding maps. To improve instruction in geographic concepts, it is necessary to see if these advanced mapping behaviors apply to thematic or special purpose maps as well, as an understanding of these types of maps is integral to the five fundamental themes of geography. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the thematic mapping abilities of second-grade students. Students viewed maps at the neighborhood, city, and national scales displaying different types of symbolization and presented in a random order. Results indicated that the map tasks were appropriate for this age level, and a statistical test of reaction times did not identify a best symbol type or scale, as all were appropriate for this age level. Responses to discussion questions indicated the students also have the ability to describe spatial patterns. The interpretation of quantitative information on maps is within the ability level of second grade students, and materials currently used in second grade should be revised to include these maps. 相似文献
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Computer-assisted navigation systems provide navigation information to automobile drivers and are now available. They are capable of storing, processing and displaying information about street networks. The display typically mimics a printed street map. The underlying capabilities of these systems present unique opportunities for geographers to study spatial cognition, wayfinding, spatial search, the impact of spatial information on trip behavior, and market responses to potentially different travel patterns. Such systems are reviewed and key areas for future research are identified. 相似文献
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西安入境游客目的地空间意象认知序列研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选取西安入境游客为研究对象,依托324 份调查问卷中所提取和统计的认知地图相关数据,分析了西安城市目的地空间意象特征,并重点探讨了认知地图类型及构成要素在游客停留天数上的动态变化过程,据此提出了入境游客目的地城市空间意象认知过程。结果显示：① 西安入境游客的认知地图共分为四大类型,其中以空间型为主,单体型、序列型和混合型次之。② 从空间意象认知要素上看,标志物出现频率最高,其次为区域、边界、节点和道路。以钟楼为中心结合城墙以及东西南北4 条大街,构成了入境游客西安城市目的地空间意象的基本框架。③ 西安入境游客目的地空间认知过程,在认知地图主导类型上,呈现“空间型+单体型→空间型→序列型（混合型）→单体型”的演变序列,在空间认知主导要素上,则为“标志物→标志物+道路→标志物”的发展序列。这一空间认知过程反映了游客对目的地空间意象的关注重点由个性到结构,再到意义的转换。 相似文献
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Yingjie Hu Krzysztof Janowicz Yuqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(6):1228-1249
Recent years have witnessed a large increase in the amount of information available from the Web and many other sources. Such an information deluge presents a challenge for individuals who have to identify useful information items to complete particular tasks in hand. Information value theory (IVT) from economics and artificial intelligence has provided some guidance on this issue. However, existing IVT studies often focus on monetary values, while ignoring the spatiotemporal properties which can play important roles in everyday tasks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for task-oriented information value measurement. This framework integrates IVT with the space-time prism from time geography and measures the value of information based on its impact on an individual’s space-time prisms and its capability of improving task planning. We develop and formalize this framework by extending the utility function from space-time accessibility studies and elaborate it using a simplified example from time geography. We conduct a simulation on a real-world transportation network using the proposed framework. Our research could be applied to improving information display on small-screen mobile devices (e.g., smartwatches) by assigning priorities to different information items. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):27-35
Abstract Research in education, psychology, and geography is utilized to relate the child's pattern of gradually developing cognitive abilities to his increasing ability to master skills. Although the child's symbolization abilities develop quite early, his ability to orient himself spatially and to use the important concepts of scale and an external frame of reference develop more gradually, as does his manipulative ability to make accurate, detailed maps. Based on this research, a hierarchical sequence for map skills instruction is proposed and related to existing map skills programs. This sequential structure differs from most existing materials in its emphasis on the very gradual development of the ability to use grid reference systems and orient himself satisfactorily on maps, as well as the gradual acquisition of certain measurement abilities. 相似文献
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Gordon Kuo Siong Tan 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(3):539-554
International financial centres (IFCs) are regarded as important nodes in governing global flows of money and capital. With increased globalization and rapid technological changes, the rivalry among IFCs has further intensified competition for financial labour—as a concentrated pool of highly skilled finance workers in an open and flexible labour market is crucial to sustaining the competitive dynamics of these urban financial hotspots. This study investigates the importance of different skills and tasks in financial work. Based on surveys and interviews conducted among Singapore's IFC workers, the findings show that cognitive, interpersonal communication and managerial-leadership skills and tasks are more important in financial work, whereas programming, mathematics and systems-based skills are perceived to be less important. Additionally, a network visualization of finance occupational skills obtained from Singapore's national skills database reinforces the importance of cognitive and relational skills in that sector. Higher-order cognitive and relational skills are expected to become even more critical as the financial sector undergoes rapid digital transformation, reinforcing the importance of IFCs as agglomerations of skilled finance talent. 相似文献
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Toru Ishikawa 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(2):197-209
This article examined long-term effects of using navigation tools on wayfinding and spatial orientation, through a survey analysis of the experience of using navigation tools and spatial aptitudes, and a behavioral experiment of real-world navigation. Experience of tool use was measured in terms of regular use (time length and frequency) and accumulated experience (time length multiplied by frequency). The survey analysis showed that frequent users of pedestrian navigation systems tended to be low on sense of direction and mental rotation. In contrast, longtime users of maps tended to be high on sense of direction and favor survey navigation strategies. The behavioral experiment showed that people who had more accumulated experience of using in-car navigation systems traveled less efficiently and learned the configurations of traveled routes less accurately with a mobile tool and a paper map. The analysis of long-term effects through structural equation modeling showed that spatial aptitudes and accumulated experience of tool use independently affect wayfinding and spatial orientation and that the negative effects of accumulated experience were larger than the positive effects of spatial aptitudes. The results and implications are discussed in relation to existing studies of short-term effects and spatial thinking. 相似文献
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Neurohydrology: implementation options and a research agenda 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert J Abrahart 《Area》1999,31(2):141-149
Summary This paper recommends further investigation into the use of artificial neural networks for tackling complex hydrological modelling tasks. Three possible modes of implementation are discussed, and a research agenda is proposed—comprising an organizational framework within which to examine and report on the potential benefits. 相似文献
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孪生空间及其应用——兼论地理研究空间的重构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数字孪生研究呈现由平稳发展到爆发态势,应用领域迅速增加,规模不断扩大,亟需发展用于指导各个领域和不同结构与规模的数字孪生研究与应用的方法论体系。本文在总结分析各个领域数字孪生发展过程和趋势的基础上,提出以孪生空间作为概括和统摄各尺度数字孪生体的框架,并给出了孪生空间的定义和一般特征。然后,以目前已有初步实践基础的孪生城市为例简要阐述了其应用。作为地理学研究对象的载体抑或研究对象本身的空间,由自然地理空间、人文社会空间和地理信息空间三元空间构成,彼此整合度不高。为更有效地开展地理学综合研究,我们提出以孪生空间整合三元空间,重构地理研究空间。孪生空间具有与物理空间的双向实时互馈特征,能够打破地理三元空间内部的壁垒,进而实现模拟现实、预测变化和调控过程的地理综合研究任务。 相似文献
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传统聚落景观基因的识别与提取方法研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
近年来,由中国学者提出的传统聚落景观基因理论在传统聚落区划、特征识别和旅游规划等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,该理论还缺乏有效的景观基因识别方法。针对前述问题,结合实践探讨了传统聚落景观基因的特征解构提取方法和识别模式。首先,分析了传统聚落景观基因的分类方法并结合面向对象的思想提出了面向对象的景观基因分类模式（OOCPLG）,这为构建特征解构提取方法奠定了理论基础。其次,通过分析景观识别的要求,结合现有的元素提取、图案提取、结构提取和含义提取的不足与优点,建立了特征解构的基因提取方法。最后,总结了景观基因的识别模式和基本操作流程。 相似文献
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Julian Hagenauer Marco Helbich 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):963-982
In the context of OpenStreetMap (OSM), spatial data quality, in particular completeness, is an essential aspect of its fitness for use in specific applications, such as planning tasks. To mitigate the effect of completeness errors in OSM, this study proposes a methodological framework for predicting by means of OSM urban areas in Europe that are currently not mapped or only partially mapped. For this purpose, a machine learning approach consisting of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms is applied. Under the premise of existing OSM data, the model estimates missing urban areas with an overall squared correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.589. Interregional comparisons of European regions confirm spatial heterogeneity in the model performance, whereas the R 2 ranges from 0.129 up to 0.789. These results show that the delineation of urban areas by means of the presented methodology depends strongly on location. 相似文献
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城市居民认知距离透视认知变形 ——-以北京市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对距离的认知是人类建立认知空间框架的重要基础。本文在相关研究的基础上, 对认知距离的特点进行了分析, 提出从数量认知距离与实际认知距离两种分析角度来分析这一概念。通过分别利用定义一元线性回归, 与 采用多维标度法(MDS)及二维回归(BR), 对认知距离的标量变形和向量变形进行定量分析。在此基础上, 以北京市 为例, 对北京市居民进行抽样调查。通过认知心理学实验的方式, 令被试估计城市主要地标两两之间的距离。对实 验结果分别将上述方法应用于计算北京市居民在标量变形和向量变形的定量化表示, 并进一步通过方差分析 (ANOVA)讨论了影响北京市居民对城市距离认知变形的因素, 包括年龄、居住地区等。 相似文献
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“土地分离”与“土地共享”是2种不同的土地利用思维方式,反映人类土地利用的决策选择。中国有大量包含土地分离和共享思维的实践,但缺乏将这些实践案例纳入统一体系的研究范式。土地分离与共享框架最初用来探索粮食生产与生物多样性保护的权衡关系。经过10多年的发展,其理论内涵和研究内容不断丰富,是地理资源与环境领域重要的研究议题。论文在解析土地分离与共享框架内涵的基础上,综述土地分离与共享框架的相关研究成果,探讨土地分离与土地共享的策略选择。研究发现土地分离与共享相关研究存在从农业环境主题向城市管理主题转化的趋势,而且除了强调单一生物多样性保护和农业生产外,还有少数研究开始关注碳储存、土壤保持等其他生态系统服务类型;尽管土地分离与土地共享策略各有其优势和局限,但在目前的研究和实践中,土地分离比土地共享更受青睐。论文基于土地的多功能性进一步扩展该框架在城市用地管理中的应用,可为复杂社会—生态系统可持续发展提供路径指导。 相似文献
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以湖南省张谷英村为例,采用开放式问卷、深度访谈和扎根理论方法,构建旅游创新年谱,识别传统村落社区旅游创新的认知基础和认知维度,探究认知重构的影响机制。结果表明:(1)张谷英村由旅游服务创新主导向旅游体验创新主导演化。(2)客体变迁与认知主体学习驱动村民四维认知重构,并通过旅游创新主体多元化以及路径创造推动旅游创新演化。(3)传统村落家的体验将深层次化,真实性将得到重构;自组织旅游创新演化将成为传统村落旅游地演化的重要力量;社区旅游创新既是村民对家的重塑和美化,也是传统村落文化的传承和创造。 相似文献
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Tasks,Strategies, and Cognitive Processes Associated With Navigational Map Reading: A Review Perspective* 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Amy K. Lobben 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(2):270-281
All geographers use and may create maps in their professional activities. While perceived by some as merely tools to present spatial information, maps are actually complicated communication mechanisms. Many geographers spend tremendous amounts of time learning about verbal and written communication (how to speak, listen, read critically, and write effectively). But to many, one of the basic tools of geographic communication, the map, is a general source of unknown. Many previous papers have focused on how to create effective maps; this paper focuses on how people read and use navigation maps. Everyone completes map‐reading tasks, uses (often different) strategies, and processes information through cognitive processing. Geographers may benefit from understanding how they, as well as their map‐viewing public, process the information contained on their maps. This paper addresses terms and issues addressed in navigational map reading, specifically including tasks and strategies as well as the governing cognitive processes. 相似文献
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大连城市空间意象分析 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
近年来,城市空间意象研究开始在我国城市地理学界逐渐兴起。通过问卷调查、图片辨认和认知地图调查对大连市微观空间情景和宏观空间结构意象进行研究,在国内首次将因子分析方法应用于微观空间情景的意象偏好分析,并运用均值比较检验及方差分析研究了年龄、性别、学历等属性对个人辨认照片数目及意象范围的影响。研究结果表明：大连市总体可意象程度较高;微观空间情景的意象受其功能、区位、使用者、自然环境以及建筑本体的影响;宏观空间结构意象是以道路为主要支撑,以居住区与商业区为背景,人口集散地与特色建筑点缀其中的立体框架结构;意象区域是以中部为主轴向东西两个方向辐射,并且主要集中在市中心、商业区及风景旅游区;由于受到年龄、性别、学历的影响,个人的意象范围大小存在一定的差异。在此研究基础上,对大连市旅游规划及城市规划提出了相应的建议。 相似文献