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1.
《地震研究》2021,44(2)
为解决用于高密度布设的低成本MEMS烈度计集成软、硬件资源有限,且难以嵌入较为复杂算法的这一问题,基于Matlab的仿真计算,通过讨论在不同特征函数、时窗长度和短窗位置下STA/LTA值的变化趋势、拾取效果和运算时间,以选取能提高算法灵敏性、改善地震事件拾取效果和提高算法计算效率的参数,并将改进的STA/LTA算法应用于实际地震数据处理。结果表明:不同的特征函数对事件拾取率、拾取时间偏差和算法运算时间影响不同;长短时窗长度相差越大,STA/LTA值的变化越明显;时窗越长,算法运算时间越长;短窗置后可以增大STA/LTA值的变化幅度、减少算法计算量,改善算法拾取时间。改进的STA/LTA算法拾取效果更好,计算效率更高,占用内存资源更小,更适用于集成资源有限的MEMS烈度计。  相似文献   

2.
STA/LTA—AIC算法对地震P波震相拾取稳定性影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
选取区域地震台网记录的地震波形数据,使用STA/LTA算法与STA/LTA—AIC算法,进行地震P波震相初至到时自动拾取,对地方震及震中距较大的震相进行P波震相拾取效果分析,发现:STA/LTA算法对于地方震P波震相识别精度较高,与STA/LTA—AIC算法拾取的P波震相初至到时相差不大;震中距变大后,STA/LTA算法对P波拾取位置相对于最佳位置向后延迟,STA/LTA—AIC算法有效矫正了STA/LTA算法拾取位置的延迟问题,与人工拾取位置差别可忽略不计。  相似文献   

3.
地震信号检测是进行各种地震数据分析和处理的首要任务,STA/LTA方法具有算法简单、便于实时处理等特点,被广泛应用于地震信号检测.结合实际震例数据研究STA/LTA方法进行地震信号检测的各种影响因素,得到该方法进行检测时最合理的参数设置范围.  相似文献   

4.
微震信号自动检测的STA/LTA算法及其改进分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对合成微震数据和实测微震记录的处理实验,对自动检测有效微震信号的STA/LTA(短时窗平均/长时窗平均)算法及其改进的加权系数法、多窗口算法和修正的能量比算法进行了分析和对比,给出了时窗长度、触发阈值和特征函数对算法性能的影响特征及其选取规律.与原STA/LTA算法相比,加权系数法,降低了微震事件的漏判率;多窗口算法和修正的能量比法提高了对低信噪比微震记录检测的正确率及微震到时的拾取精度.  相似文献   

5.
大数据量、强噪声环境给地震P波到时的自动提取带来很大挑战.针对此问题,本文通过构建特殊的特征函数,建立SNR与STA/LTA的内在联系,提出两种基于SNR的地震P波到时自动提取方法,即基于SNR的STA/LTA方法与基于SNR的综合方法.这两种方法分别是运用SNR概念对传统STA/LTA方法和STA/LTA与AIC综合方法的改进.仿真分析结果表明:对于弱噪声环境(10dB)和一般噪声环境(6dB),本文方法较传统STA/LTA方法对地震P波到时提取的准确度更高;而对于强噪声环境(3dB),本文方法仍能准确提取地震P波到时,而传统STA/LTA方法则出现了较大的误判率(10%)与漏判率(65%).本文方法为STA/LTA赋予了明确的物理意义,使其阈值的选取建立在严密的数学推导之上.另外,本文方法在进行地震P波到时自动提取的同时,兼具数据预处理功能,无需额外的基线校正或高通滤波,因而具有较好的实时性.  相似文献   

6.
长短时窗均值比(Short Term Average/Long Term Average,STA/LTA)方法因原理简单、实时性强,在地震波初至拾取中应用最为广泛.传统STA/LTA方法阈值选取依赖于人工经验,且其针对单一信号设定的阈值无法适用于不同类型的地震记录.针对此问题,本文通过建立阈值与背景噪声之间的联系,提出两种基于参考阈值拾取地震波初至新方法,即基于参考阈值的STA/LTA方法与基于参考阈值的STA/LTA改进法.首先,分析不同特征函数拾取地震波初至的灵敏度,引用关于信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)的特征函数抑制背景噪声干扰,降低阈值选取的难度;其次,给出不同背景噪声环境下阈值的计算公式,将阈值选取建立在严密的数学推导之上,提出基于参考阈值的STA/LTA方法;最后,针对天然地震背景噪声复杂,地震波初至拾取受短时强噪声干扰大的问题,通过改进时窗位置并加入取消时窗的方法提高算法的抗干扰能力,提出了基于参考阈值的STA/LTA改进法.实际地震数据处理结果表明,本文提出的两种方法能够克服固定阈值不能适用于所有地震记录的缺点,相较于传统STA/LTA方法...  相似文献   

7.
利用MSDP交互分析软件实现震相自动识别技术,技术模块主要实现STA/LTA触发算法、AR-AIC震相识别方法、Filter Picker方法和自动量取振幅方法,提高MSDP分析处理地震事件和进行地震速报的效率,并利用大量地震事件对震相自动识别技术进行测试和验证。  相似文献   

8.
基于支持向量机的信号自动检测算法   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
STA/LTA算法是信号自动检测中的经典算法. 这种算法中检测阈值的分布范围在0~infin;之间, 合适的检测阈值不但要根据实验反复调试, 而且要在误检率和漏检率之间取得平衡. 针对这一问题, 从模式识别的角度出发, 给出了一种基于支持向量机的信号检测算法. 讨论了该算法中数据预处理和模式特征提取的方法, 以及支持向量机中核函数的选择问题. 利用实际地震数据, 分析了这种算法的检测性能. 结果表明, 这种算法简化了检测阈值的选择. 在准确检测信号的同时,其误检率相对于STA/LTA算法可以降低约85%, 并且具有较强的抗噪性能.   相似文献   

9.
为了处理中国台阵项目(ChinaArray)产生的海量数据,本文利用STA/LTA方法进行事件触发检测,利用AIC初动到时修正法检测并修订初动到时.为了检验两种方法联合起来的设置效果,选取了18个地震事件进行分析.为解决误触发问题,统计分析了科学台阵记录的小震功率谱,得出小震的主要频段,从而据此修改滤波器带宽以滤除尽量多的干扰信号,而后进行大量地测试,得到了适合小震事件的STA/LTA窗长.针对小震进行的检测,触发参数设置的比较灵敏,所以对于频率和持续时间与小震相似的信号在测试中都能被检测到.结果表明,利用STA/LTA方法对科学台阵记录的地震事件进行检测,利用AIC方法对其到时进行修正,在所有的试验地震中,检测成功率为99%,初动到时的正确率为96.5%.对于震级在2.0级以下的小震,检测成功率为98%,初动到时的正确率为96%.该研究大大节省了分析时间、提高了工作效率.对于应用科学台阵数据进行地下结构反演、中小地震震源参数研究、各断裂带地震分布等地震学、地球物理学方面的研究具有重要的意义.  相似文献   

10.
STA/LTA算法拾取微地震事件P波到时对比研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文将HZ-MS48微地震采集仪监测的实际数据,利用STA/LTA算法来识别微地震事件P波到时.比较了在不同STA(短时窗平均值)情况下对拾取精度和结果的影响.结果表明:此算法确定信噪比比较高的微地震事件是非常有效的,能精确拾取P波到时.利用5ms、10ms、20ms三种不同的短时窗处理数据,发现对P波拾取的敏感程度不同,短时窗的值越大,拾取P波的敏感性越低,拾取精度降低,触发的阈值应随着短时窗的增加而减小.  相似文献   

11.
断层错动对隧道的影响分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
隧道通过潜在地震地区时.存在活动断层的错动形成的重大工程地质问题的威胁.基于断裂儿何学和震源的运动学特征,以广州地区活动断裂为研究背景,通过在断层左右盘施加一定的速度荷载,模拟了断层错动达到0.28 m时对隧道的影响.得出隧道结构在断层错动影响下的位移和应力的变化规律.分别建立隧道结构距离断层50 m、100 m、150 m三个模型,比较了三种情况下的位移和应力状况.归纳出隧道与断层之间的安全距离.  相似文献   

12.
测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论   总被引:32,自引:5,他引:32  
高原  周蕙兰 《中国地震》1997,13(4):321-329
在地震目录中,震源深度是地震学最基本的参数之一,然而它也是一个最不易测准的参数,PDE报告中的震源深度以及USGS和Harvard大学的CMT反演的矩心深度和利用宽频带波形的深度震相资料获得的震源深度各不相同,其含义也不同,而宽频带波形模拟得到又是一种破裂“核心”的深度。本文对不同测量手段的震源深度的不同物理意义做了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

13.
Energy and thermal transfers in active volcanoes can play an important role incontrolling their dynamics depending on the hydrothermal state. Much geothermalenergy is released through the groundwater circulation, hot gas emission and thermalconduction. Therefore, it is very important to know the hydrological and thermalenvironments associated with volcanoes from the volcano-energetic point of view.However, it is difficult to evaluate these because of the availability of only a fewborehole data on the summit of volcanoes. Recent studies reveal that self-potential(SP) anomalies (up to some hundreds of mV) are observed on volcanoes, activefissure zones and/or fumarolic areas, suggesting that the SP anomalies are closelyrelated to heat-triggered phenomena such as thermoelectric and electrokinetic effectsdue to hydrothermal circulations. Therefore, SP studies can be appropriate for sensingthe thermal and hydrothermal states of volcanoes. In addition, monitoring SP anomaliescan be an efficient method for describing the change of thermal state and the evolutionof the hydrothermal (and volcanic) activities.In this paper, we have reviewed the origin of the SP anomalies associated withvolcanic phenomena theoretically as well as experimentally. Subsequently, wehave presented the results of many case studies and have classified the types ofanomalies in accordance with possible mechanisms. We have also described theresults of time variations of SP anomalies associated with volcanic activities. Timevarying SP fields exhibit the dynamic aspects of volcanic activities correspondingto the evolution of hydrothermal activity, changes in ground water circulation andmagma displacement. These morphological insights should lead to a quantitativeinterpretation of SP anomalies in volcanic regions.  相似文献   

14.
沉积物再悬浮对食浮游动物鱼类捕食浮游动物的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
周礼斌  陈非洲 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):911-916
在亚热带浅水湖泊中,由风浪引起沉积物再悬浮是其重要特征之一.沉积物再悬浮一方面直接影响浮游动物群落结构,另一方面通过影响食浮游动物鱼类对浮游动物的捕食而产生间接影响.以食浮游动物鱼类——餐条(Hemiculter leucisculus)为实验对象,通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮条件下餐条对浮游动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,在有餐条的处理组中,大型枝角类短钝溞(Daphnia obtusa)只在弱再悬浮条件下出现,并成为枝角类群落的优势种;在无餐条的处理组中,短钝溞生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.强再悬浮(无餐条)和无再悬浮(有餐条)条件下,小型枝角类角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和盘肠溞(Chydorus sp.)为优势种.无论有、无餐条条件下,桡足类优势种均为中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops sp.),其生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.所有处理组中,轮虫丰度均低于枝角类和桡足类丰度.研究表明,在亚热带浅水湖泊中,适当的悬浮质浓度既能干扰食浮游动物鱼类对大型浮游动物的捕食,又不影响大型浮游动物的生存,使得它们保持一定的丰度,通过对浮游植物的摄食,降低叶绿素a浓度.  相似文献   

15.
保证CT的可靠运行,提供最佳质量的CT图,已成为临床放射全面质量控制的重要内容之一,本文以TCT80A和GE9000两台CT机为例,从维修角度谈CT机的质量保证。  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of water ponding on soil surfaces during and after heavy rainfall produces surface run‐off or surface water accumulation in low‐lying areas, which might reduce the water supply to soils and result in a reduction of the soil water that plants can use, especially in arid climates. On Mongolian rangeland, we observed ponded water on the surface of a specific soil condition subjected to a heavy rainfall of 30 mm/hr. By contrast, ponded water was not observed for the same type of soil where livestock grazing had been removed for 6–8 years via a fence or for nearby soil containing less clay. We measured the infiltration rate (the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil, Ks) of the three sites by applying ponded water on the soil surface (an intake rate test). The results showed that Ks in the rangeland was lower than the rainfall intensity in the site where water ponded on the soil surface; however, Ks of the soil inside of the fence has recovered to 3 times that of the soil outside of the fence to exceed the rainfall intensity. Heavy rainfall that exceeds the infiltration rate occurs several times a year at the livestock grazing site where we observed ponded water. Slight water repellency of the soil reduces rain infiltration to increase the possibility of surface ponding for the soil.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
结构抗震设计的基本原则之一是保证"强柱弱梁",但汶川地震等大量实际震害表明这一抗震设计目标并未能很好地实现。针对此问题,已开展大量研究,探讨了楼板、填充墙以及梁、柱、板配筋等因素对形成"强梁弱柱"的影响。本文则从计算模型方面,即结构分析中广泛采用的模型、精细有限元模型和楼板与梁分别考虑的模型,对梁柱内力影响进行了对比研究。结果表明,计算模型对梁、柱弯矩比有较大影响,是形成"强梁弱柱"的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

19.
Sorption between nanoparticles(NPs)and minerals may critically affect the migration of associated elements as well as the environmental impact of NPs.Since illite is widely present in soil,sediment,and water,we have experimentally investigated the sorption behavior of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)as model NPs on illite under different pH and mineral mass conditions.We demonstrated that sorption of these negatively charged AuNPs strongly depended on the suspension pH.At pH above 8,which coincided with the apparent point of zero charge(pH 7.9)of our illite sample,only marginal sorption of AuNPs was observed.At pH 3-8,significant sorption of AuNPs on illite was found,with almost complete sorption occurring at more acidic conditions(pH 3-4).TEM observations revealed that sorption took place through the attachment AuNPs on illite edges.At pH 2,AuNPs mostly formed chain-like fused structures and precipitated out of the suspension.Based upon the above pH dependence,residual organic ligand content after sorption,and complementary sorption results with positively charged AuNPs,we conclude that the sorption process is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged AuNPs and positively charged illite edges,with possible competitive involvement of citrate molecules.We expect that our findings will improve our understanding of NP-mineral interaction and the environmental fate of NPs.  相似文献   

20.
Effects of sediment load on hydraulics of overland flow on steep slopes   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Eroded sediment may have significant effects on the hydraulics of overland flow, but few studies have been performed to quantify these effects on steep slopes. This study investigated the potential effects of sediment load on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow depth, mean velocity, Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power of overland flow in a sand‐glued hydraulic flume under a wide range of hydraulic conditions and sediment loads. Slope gradients were varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rates from 0·66 to 5·26×10?3 m2 s?1, and sediment loads from 0 to 6·95 kg m?1 s?1. Both Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr) decreased as sediment load increased, implying a decrease in flow turbulence. This inverse relationship should be considered in modeling soil erosion processes. Flow depth increased as sediment load increased with a mean value of 1·227 mm, caused by an increase in volume of sediment‐laden flow (contribution 62·4%) and a decrease in mean flow velocity (contribution 37·6%). The mean flow velocity decreased by up to 0·071 m s?1 as sediment load increased. The Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient (f) increased with sediment load, showing that the total energy consumption increased with sediment load. The effects of sediment load on f depended on flow discharge: as flow discharge increased, the influence of sediment load on f decreased due to increased flow depth and reduced relative roughness. Flow shear stress and stream power increased with sediment load, on average, by 80·5% and 60·2%, respectively; however, unit stream power decreased by an average of 11·1% as sediment load increased. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under these controlled conditions to real‐world overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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