共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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科学研究显示,全球升温超过预期,本世纪末海平面上升可能超过1.4米正如加利福尼亚州官方的看法,全球变暖已经发生,没有更多的时间可以用来打算要做什么了。海平面上升加州身处险境加州跨部门的气候行动工作组(Climate Action Team)3月11日发布了40个关于影响和适应性报告中的首 相似文献
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揭示海平面变化成因有助于深入认识当前的全球气候变化,并做出积极应对。空间大地测量技术及海洋浮标观测极大地促进了对全球及区域海平面变化成因的研究,有效弥补了海洋模式对长期趋势估计不准确的缺点,有助于理解海平面长期趋势及年际变化的驱动因素。本文系统回顾了近20年关于海平面上升成因的研究进展,分析了陆地质量迁移不同成分对海平面上升的贡献。多源观测数据表明,海水质量增加贡献了2/3的海平面上升,其余1/3由海水热膨胀引起。由于气候变暖趋势没有减弱,陆地冰川消融和海水热膨胀均伴随加速度变化。这些研究成果不仅极大地提升了对当前海平面变化的认识,而且有助于约束对未来海平面上升的预测。最后,讨论了海平面变化成因研究中面临的困难与挑战:①在局部尺度上,使用观测数据尚不能完全揭示海平面长期趋势变化成因;②2016年后,全球平均海平面平衡方程的闭合差显著增大。 相似文献
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全球气候与环境变化是影响南极冰盖变化的重要因素之一。当前全球气候变暖不断加剧，对南极冰盖的稳定造成了严重威胁，进而影响到人类未来的生存与发展。因此研究南极冰盖的定量变化，对于加深全球气候变化认识和预测未来全球海平面变化具有重要的现实意义。论文通过对前人的研究进行总结和分析，针对在处理卫星测高任务间偏差和升降轨道偏差方面存在的问题和不足，提出了NPF(novel plain fitting)解算模型。 相似文献
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在当前全球气候变暖背景下,极地冰盖关键过程和重要参数研究对揭示极地冰盖对全球海平面变化的影响,提高海平面上升贡献的预测精度至关重要。极地科学考察的实地观测数据可以为遥感观测提供校准和验证,降低遥感反演的不确定性。本文基于同济大学全球变化研究团队近年来针对极地冰盖关键参数的测绘遥感与现场考察工作,重点阐述在极地科考观测验证和数据处理方面的研究,包括在南极冰盖的新型测高卫星的空-地协同验证、卫星角反射器布设、粒雪层内部温度观测与模型验证、多平台无人机海冰探测和雪冰环境调查,以及格陵兰冰盖质量变化评估等。最后,本文对未来的极地科考验证计划进行了展望。 相似文献
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《测绘地理信息》2020,(4)
由于全球气候变暖造成海平面上升,致使沿海城市面临将来被海水淹没的威胁。利用GDAL(geospatial data abstraction library)和OpenCV(open source computer vision library)开发了淹没算法和模拟系统,使用GDAL库处理Landsat卫星数据和ASTRE GDEM (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model)高程数据,同时OpenCV Mat数据结构作为底层数据结构。系统实现了有源淹没算法及其可视化。该模拟系统可以为海岸城市淹没灾害预警提供有效的支持。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(4)
近百年来,全球正经历着以变暖为显著特征的变化,海水增温膨胀、陆地冰川和极地冰盖融化等因素导致全球海平面持续上升。北极新奥尔松地区现保存有典型的极地原始生态系统,客观准确地分析该地区的海平面变化,可以更好地为该地区自然生态环境监测和保护以及气候变化研究等提供基础。联合利用卫星高度计、验潮站和全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)观测资料分析新奥尔松地区的海平面变化的线性趋势和季节性规律,通过同时段资料(1993-2018年)的分析显示,该地区地壳呈上升趋势,上升速率为(8.09±0.19)mm/a;验潮站相对海平面呈下降趋势,下降速率为(-7.31±0.36)mm/a;利用地壳运动修正后的绝对海平面上升速率为(0.78±0.41)mm/a,低于全球同期水平,与卫星高度计观测的绝对海平面变化结果具有很好的一致性,二者相差(0.23±0.46)mm/a。在进行区域海平面变化分析时,可利用GNSS修正验潮站相对海平面获得该区域的绝对海平面变化。利用修正后的海平面资料分析结果显示,新奥尔松地区海平面变化具有明显的季节性规律,每年10月-11月为季节高海平面期,3月-4月为季节低海平面期。通过海表面温度与海平面的相关性分析认为,随着海表面温度变化,海平面也发生相应的变化。 相似文献
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"我们越是了解1500年的气候周期,就越会觉得近期气候变暖是人为的或危险的说法是不可靠的。"自从"全球变暖"的理论在世界各国流行以来,媒体很少报道不同的声音。在中国,连科学界的不同意见都很少公开发表,于是给公众的印象就是,"全球变暖"已成定论。特别是联合国政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)近年发表的有关气 相似文献
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验潮站观测的海面高度数据是监测海平面变化以及确定平均海面的重要基础观测信息,利用滑动时段法和时段累积法对验潮站不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率的差异进行了分析,讨论了时段选择效应对计算相对海平面变化的影响,并利用美国东海岸验潮站观测数据对分析结果进行了补充实验.实验结果表明,不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率差异最大可达27... 相似文献
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Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque Stuart Phinn Chris Roelfsema Iraphne Childs 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(3):246-263
Tropical cyclones and their devastating impacts are of great concern to coastal communities globally. An appropriate approach integrating climate change scenarios at local scales is essential for producing detailed risk models to support cyclone mitigation measures. This study developed a simple cyclone risk-modelling approach under present and future climate change scenarios using geospatial techniques at local scales, and tested using a case study in Sarankhola Upazila from coastal Bangladesh. Linear storm-surge models were developed up to 100-year return periods. A local sea level rise scenario of 0.34?m for the year 2050 was integrated with surge models to assess the climate change impact. The resultant storm-surge models were used in the risk-modelling procedures. The developed risk models successfully identified the spatial extent and levels of risk that match with actual extent and levels within an acceptable limit of deviation. The result showed that cyclone risk areas increased with the increase of return period. The study also revealed that climate change scenario intensified the cyclone risk area by 5–10% in every return period. The findings indicate this approach has the potential to model cyclone risk in other similar coastal environments for developing mitigation plans and strategies. 相似文献
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Seasonal global mean sea level change from satellite altimeter, GRACE, and geophysical models 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
J. L. Chen C. R. Wilson B. D. Tapley J. S. Famiglietti Matt Rodell 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(9):532-539
We estimate seasonal global mean sea level changes using different data resources, including sea level anomalies from satellite
radar altimetry, ocean temperature and salinity from the World Ocean Atlas 2001, time-variable gravity observations from the
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, and terrestrial water storage and atmospheric water vapor changes
from the NASA global land data assimilation system and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis atmospheric
model. The results from all estimates are consistent in amplitude and phase at the annual period, in some cases with remarkably
good agreement. The results provide a good measure of average annual variation of water stored within atmospheric, land, and
ocean reservoirs. We examine how varied treatments of degree-2 and degree-1 spherical harmonics from GRACE, laser ranging,
and Earth rotation variations affect GRACE mean sea level change estimates. We also show that correcting the standard equilibrium
ocean pole tide correction for mass conservation is needed when using satellite altimeter data in global mean sea level studies.
These encouraging results indicate that is reasonable to consider estimating longer-term time series of water storage in these
reservoirs, as a way of tracking climate change. 相似文献
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I. Sadhu Khan D. Lohar D. K. Pal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2003,31(4):261-269
Changes in land surface characteristics have become a matter of great concern in the recent years. It is particularly important
when the mesoscale phenomena control the climatic variables of a region. Gangetic West Bengal with its neighbourhood is such
a region where during premonsoon season, mesoscale phenomena, i.e., sea breeze circulation and severe convective development,
control the local climate of the season. It is also reported that a drastic changes in land use pattern has taken place in
recent period over the region, which might affect the local climate, resulting in severe water crisis over the semi-arid part
of the region. A detailed study has been undertaken to investigate the changes in land use pattern through satellite data
over the area and its possible impact on the local climate through numerical modeling. Satellite (IRS-IC and Landsat 4 and
5) data shows a sharp change in dynamic vegetation during this period, which is due to, increased agricultural practices in
the recent years. Mesoscale model indicates that agricultural practices hinder the development of sea breezes over the coastal
and inland places, causing less incursion of moisture towards inland. This may be associated with less number of convective
developments over the coastal and neighbouring places. 相似文献
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联合Argo浮标、卫星测高和GRACE数据研究海平面变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
卫星测高、GRACE、Argo等数据为监测海平面变化提供了丰富的观测数据,利用Argo数据计算的比容海平面变化,可以更加深入地理解卫星测高以及卫星重力获得的海平面变化。利用2004年1月至2010年12月间Argo浮标采集的温度和盐度数据,通过数值积分方法计算了65°S~65°N间的比容海平面异常,并通过最小二乘拟合得到比容海平面变化的长期趋势为0.63±0.45 mm/a,与Llovel得到的结果吻合较好。利用卫星测高数据得到该时间段内海平面变化趋势为2.52±0.71 mm/a,GRACE反演得到的海水质量变化引起的海平面趋势为1.84±0.13mm/a,结果表明海水质量变化成为引起海平面变化的主要因素。最后对联合卫星测高、GRACE得到比容海平面变化与相应Argo浮标数据计算结果的空间分布特征进行了比较。 相似文献
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理解全球海平面变化具有十分重要的意义,它间接反映了地球系统中气候性相关因素的变化。本文基于一组海平面指纹和比容经验正交函数,联合时变重力数据和卫星测高数据反演了2002年4月至2020年2月的全球海平面变化,将全球海平面变化分解成南极冰盖融化、格陵兰冰盖融化、陆地冰川融化、陆地水储量变化、冰川均衡调整和海水比容效应这6个分量的贡献。联合反演结果显示,全球平均比容海平面变化为1.08±0.05 mm/a,与相关文献的结果相吻合。研究发现,联合测高数据和时变重力数据的反演方法能够一定程度上减弱GRACE Follow-On卫星时期海水质量变化被低估的现象。本文利用联合反演的结果研究了区域海平面变化,在大部分近海区域反演效果较好,这表明该方法可用于区域海平面变化的研究。 相似文献
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Diego Gómez Pablo Salvador Julia Sanz Mikhail Urbazaev José Luis Casanova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(6):813-829
ABSTRACT The climate in southern Iceland has warmed over the last 70 years, resulting in accelerated glacier dynamics at the Solheimajoküll glacier. In this study, we compare glacier terminus locations from 1973 to 2018, to changes in climate across the study area, and we derive ice-surface velocities (2015–2018) from satellite remote-sensing imagery (Sentinel-1) using the offset-tracking method. There have been two regional temperature trends in the study period: cooling (1973–1979) and warming (1980–2018). Our results indicate a time lag of about 20 years between the onset of glacier retreat (?53 m/year since 2000) and the inception of the warming period. Seasonally, the velocity time series suggest acceleration during the summer melt season since 2016, whereas glacier velocities during accumulation months were constant. The highest velocities were observed at high elevations where the ice-surface slope is the steepest. We tested several scenarios to assess the hydrological time response to glacier accelerations, with the highest correlations being found between one and 30 days after the velocity estimates. Monthly correlation analyses indicated inter-annual and intra-annual variability in the glacier dynamics. Additionally, we investigate the linkage between glacier velocities and meltwater outflow parameters as they provide useful information about internal processes in the glacier. Velocity estimates positively correlate with water level and negatively correlate with water conductivity between April and August. There is also a disruption in the correlation trend between water conductivity and ice velocity in June, potentially due to a seasonal release of geothermal water. 相似文献
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利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高资料监测全球海平面变化 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
本文利用１９９３年１月至１９９９年５月的ＴＯＰＥＸ／Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ卫星测高数据计算了全球海平变化。海平面模型误差和不恰当的加权方法都会影响全球海平面序列的周年变化,潮汐模型误差对于季节性变化有明显的影响。利用两个高度计算的海平面变化存在周年变化存在明显的差异,利用ＴＯＰＥＸ高度计和Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ高度计得到的该时段全球平均海平面的变化率分别为２．０ｍｍ／ａ和－０．５ｍｍ／ａ。与南方涛动指数的比较 相似文献