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研究表明，内蒙古包头市阿善遗址的鸟类化石总计有5目7科10属10种鸟类，其中赤嘴潜鸭、白枕鹤和骨顶鸡为中国鸟类首次化石记录。阿善遗址鸟类群除3种为鸡形目地栖者外，其余全为涉水鸟类，是中国迄今为止首次发现的以水鸟为主体的史前时期鸟类群。这些鸟类化石对研究遗址的生态环境、气候变化以及鸟类地理分布、迁徙和演化等都有重要意义。 相似文献
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《地层学杂志》2017,(1)
随着全球变化研究的不断深入,人类文明发展阶段的考古聚落遗址地层记录和全新世以来连续沉积的自然地层记录已得到国际学术界和各国科学家越来越多的关注。长江三峡地区有着丰富的全新世考古遗址资源,为新石器时代以来人类活动和环境变化的环境考古研究提供了良好基础和条件。其中的中坝遗址具有厚度大、地层时代齐全完整、出土器物量多、并有大量种类繁多的脊椎动物骨骼(包括哺乳类、鸟类、鱼类、两栖类、爬行类)、测年材料和古洪水沉积地层现象丰富的特点;该区同时又有全新世以来自然连续沉积厚度达3m以上的大九湖泥炭沉积地层。对该区典型遗址和连续沉积的自然地层作比较研究,通过人类活动和环境演变的指标信息提取和时间序列的建立,可恢复该区全新世以来人类活动史、古洪水史,弄清人类活动和自然环境的关系及其对全球变化的响应,并建立三峡地区全新世以来标志性考古遗址地层剖面。 相似文献
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鸟类(Aves)的骨骼中空,骨壁较薄,不易保存为化石.它们的生活方式特殊,多营飞翔生活,死后往往遇不到合适的埋藏条件,或被别的动物吃掉,或暴露时间过长腐烂,因而形成化石的机会也较少.不论在国内或国外,鸟类化石,特别是时代较早、可供鉴定的较为完好的鸟类化石,都是稀少而珍贵的.因而通过化石了解鸟类的发展史受到了限制.我 相似文献
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中国发现世界上最原始的鸟类化石：华美金凤鸟（新属、新种） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
始祖鸟的发现被认为是19世纪最重要的科学发现之一,迄今为止共发现了7枚保存骨骼、羽毛印痕的化石标本和1枚单根羽毛化石标本。由于始祖鸟既显示了明显的爬行动物的特征又保存了精美的羽毛,140多年来人们一直将其作为介于恐龙与鸟类之间的“中间环节”(“missing link”),但更倾向认为它是世界上最古老的鸟,或鸟类的始祖。由于始祖鸟化石稀少,加之地理分布十分局限,长期以来国际上一直围绕鸟类起源问题展开了激烈的争论,提出了各种各样的假说。直到20世纪90年代,在中国辽西晚中生代地层中发现了大量长羽毛的恐龙和原始鸟类化石,有力地支持了鸟类起源于小型兽脚类恐龙的学术观点,使赫 140多年前提出的“假说”成为当今国际科学界占主流地位的学说和理论,基本解决了长期困扰国际科学界的鸟类起源问题,遗憾的是,在过去的几年中,中国一直没有发现与德国始祖鸟十分接近或与德国始祖鸟处于同样进化水平的原始鸟类化石,这种缺憾使我们难以对鸟类定义问题进行深入的研究和探讨,2002年,笔者等在中国辽西早白垩世断层中发现了2种初鸟类化石,即中华神州鸟和东方吉祥鸟。通过比较解剖学研究和支序分析,这2种初鸟类要比始祖鸟略微进步一些,在研究鸟类的早期演化方面具有重要意义;但仍然难以对鸟类定义问题作进一步研究。本文首次报道了一件采自中国河北省丰宁县龙凤山桥头组的初鸟类化石——华美金凤鸟（新属、新种）(Jinfengopteryx elegans gen.et sp.nov),与其共生的化石有Lycoptera davidi,Peipiaosteus pani,yanosteus longidorsalis（鱼类）;Jibeinia luanhera,Protopteryx fengningensis(鸟类）;Ephemeropsis trisetalis(昆虫）及少量植物。支序分析表明,华美金凤鸟处于初鸟类谱系树的基部,比始祖鸟略微原始,与后者为姊妹群关系。奔龙等兽脚类恐龙是它们的外类群。金凤鸟、始祖鸟是中华神州鸟等原始鸟类的外类群。这说明华美金凤鸟处在恐龙向鸟类演化过程中一个非常关键的位置,是世界上迄今所发现的最原始的初鸟类。华美金凤鸟的发现在研究鸟类起源、恐龙-鸟类的系统关系等方面具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
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辽西首次发现保存毛发和软件的中生代哺乳动物化石 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
中国辽西地区素以产出丰富多彩的中生代热河生物群闻名于世。特别是近几年来，该区大量长羽毛的恐龙、原始鸟类、原始哺乳类和被子植物化石的发现更加引起了国际科学界的极大关注。1997年秋，作者在辽宁北票四合屯地区发现了一块完整的保存有毛发和软体印痕的对齿兽类哺乳动物化石。身体保存有手发和软体印痕的中生代哺乳动物化石在世界上也是罕见的。对对于研究对齿兽形态结构、生物习性、系统关系等方面均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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恐龙活动的遗迹 (足迹等 )和遗物 (恐龙蛋和粪化石等 )与恐龙骨骼一样是恐龙活动的直接证据 ,被认为是恐龙化石系列的珍品 .由于我国陆相中生界发育 ,保存的恐龙骨骼、遗迹、遗物化石丰富 ,因此恐龙骨骼及其遗迹化石的研究在世界上占有重要的地位 ,取得了丰硕的研究成果 .我国恐龙足迹化石研究始于 1 92 9年 ,Ｔ .Ｄｅ .Ｃｈａｒｄｉｎ等[1 ] 首次报道了陕西神木发现的恐龙足迹化石 .之后 ,杨钟健(Ｙｏｕｎｇ) [2～5] 先后对四川广元、陕西铜川、河北滦平、云南西双版纳等地的恐龙足迹进行了研究 ;赵资奎[6] 研究了河南内乡的恐龙蛋和恐龙足… 相似文献
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近年来,辽宁西部及其邻区中生代大量原始鸟类化石及其祖先类型的发现(季强等,1996;侯连海,1997;Ji et al,1998),使我们对鸟类的起源和早期演化有了新的更加全面的认识。本文简要记述一件产自辽西凌源“义县组”的鸟类化石,与该鸟类保存在一起的戴氏狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera davi-di)等化石,为确定该鸟类的时代为晚侏罗世提供了依据。这是辽西冀北一带晚侏罗世鸟类化石的 相似文献
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In a pioneer application of acarology to Quaternary fossil-bearing sediments in southern Africa, the oribatid composition in the Florisbad Quaternary sediments was determined and compared to the currently known distribution of those species. Nine species of oribatid mites were recorded in the Holocene aeolian deposits of the third test pit, three species from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) horizon sediments of the third test pit, and thirteen species from the Holocene spring sediments. The Florisbad results indicate a better agreement between the oribatid fauna of the last interglacial MSA horizon of the third test pit and the organic-rich mid-Holocene deposits near the spring than between either of these and early- and late-Holocene aeolian sediments of the third test pit, suggesting some similarity in microsedimentary environments. The majority of the species recorded in the sediments are parthenogenetic and can be regarded as pioneer species. 相似文献
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现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形,认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而,一些工程实测表明,基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然,未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制,开展了室内模型试验,对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控,模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现,随着降水的进行,坑外降水漏斗不断扩展,围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外,降水导致墙前水压力明显减小,并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主）,围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡,并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。 相似文献
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Herbjørn Presthus Heggen John Inge Svendsen Jan Mangerud Øystein S. Lohne 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(4):527-545
Recently, the sediment stratigraphy and geochronology of the well‐known Palaeolithic site Byzovaya in northern Russia were investigated. New technological analyses of the artefacts suggest a Middle Palaeolithic Mousterian culture, and occupation by Neanderthals, not Modern humans as previously thought. We present here a new and detailed documentation of the stratigraphy, including the geological context of the artefacts and faunal remains. From sedimentological criteria we confidently interpret the find‐bearing strata as debris‐flow deposits, covered by aeolian sediments. The chronology is based on radiocarbon and luminescence (OSL) dates from the find‐bearing and overlying strata. The results are utilized to reconstruct the geological history at the excavation area. The stratigraphy varies considerably across the excavation area. The most intact and undisturbed part of the sequence was found inside the most recent Excavation II. In this part the artefacts and bones appear to have been permanently sealed and protected by aeolian sand. The older Excavation I shows a more complicated stratigraphy, as the finds may have been temporarily exposed during the early Holocene owing to ravine incision and slumping activity. The individual radiocarbon dates that were collected from different parts of the site and from various stratigraphic positions are re‐investigated in this study. By using Bayesian statistics the conclusion is that the site was occupied during a restricted period around 30.6–34.7 ka. A series of partly unpublished OSL dates of coversand from different sites demonstrates a regional aeolian signal during the Lateglacial in northern Russia, 15–14 ka. 相似文献
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New Eoenantiornithid Bird from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Western Liaoning, China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
LI Li DUAN Ye HU Dongyu WANG Li CHENG Shaoli HOU Lianhai 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):38-41
1 Introduction Enantiornithes were the most blooming branch among the early birds and had distinct diversities. They flourished in the Early Cretaceous (Kurochkim, 1985; Chiappe, 1991; Sanz and Bonaparte, 1992; Boles, 1995; Elzanowski, 1995), and become extinct at the end of the Late Cretaceous. Lots of the birds have been reported in western Liaoning, China (Sereno and Rao, 1992; Zhou, 1995; Hou, 1996, 1997; Sanz and Chiappe, 1996; Sanz et al., 1997; Hou and Chen, 1999; Hou et al., 1… 相似文献
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We review the previously described Late Cretaceous (Santonian) bird remains from the Csehbánya Formation in the Bakony Mountains of Hungary, augmenting initial work by Ősi ( 2008 ), and add a number of newly collected fossils. All together, the eight fossil specimens so far collected from this site are important to our understanding of avian evolution because they document a large range of taxon body sizes from at least one major lineage (Enantiornithes) and come from a critically undersampled time period in the Cretaceous. Globally, very little fossil bird material has been collected from the middle stages of the Late Cretaceous, the Coniacian and Santonian; most known taxa are either Early Cretaceous (ca. 120 Ma) in age or are from the terminal Campanian and Maastrichtian (ca. 70–65 Ma). Indeed, one of the Csehbánya Formation fossil birds is recognized as a new taxon of large enantiornithine, an avisaurid apparently similar in its largely unfused foot morphology to the Argentine Soroavisaurus and to the North American Avisaurus. The Central European records reviewed in this paper highlight the wide distribution of some Late Cretaceous fossil birds, particularly avisaurid enantiornithines, and lead us to a brief discussion of avian biogeography at the end of the Mesozoic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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随着地下空间资源的开发利用,越来越多深基坑呈现出开挖深、规模大、形状不规则等特点,其支护结构设计复杂,施工难度大,具有明显的空间效应。本文以南京地铁某基坑工程为例,分析基坑施工对邻近桥梁的影响。其场区位于长江下游漫滩相二元结构地层分布地段,上部软土层厚度大,下部承压含水层地下水位高、水量丰富,地质条件复杂,该基坑为典型的深大异形基坑,距离某大桥的双曲拱引桥仅为7. 2 m,由于之前桥梁已遭受其他地下工程施工产生的较大变形,所以后续工程对其影响变形控制要求极高。为此,该车站基坑支护结构设计基于地下空间实际功能采用设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS超深工法墙综合变形控制方案。本文通过有限元数值模拟计算,开展复杂环境下基坑开挖引起的围护结构及桥梁桩基的变形预测分析,计算结果显示,该深大狭长异形基坑开挖对邻近桥梁沉降变形影响显著,通过设置分隔墙分区开挖及MJS工法墙进行变形控制,能够较好地控制基坑的空间效应,减少“长边效应”、“异形效应”等对桥梁沉降变形的影响。通过现场基坑开挖过程实际监测结果,验证这一综合变形控制方案的可行性。该研究成果对于类似复杂地质条件下深大狭长异形基坑的支护及施工设计具有很好的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Jianhui Jin Yunming Huang Yong Zhang Zhizhong Li Xuechun Fan Zhiyong Ling Fei Zheng Yan Cheng Xiaolin Xu Zhixing Li Wenjing Zhang 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):548-557
The chronologies of few Neolithic sites in the lower reaches of the Min River of China have been well investigated for the middle to late Holocene. In this study, the Hengyu Neolithic site in Fujian Province, South China, which has significant archaeological remains, was dated using blue‐stimulated optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS14C) techniques. The results, comprising nine OSL and three AMS14C ages through the Neolithic sequence, provide new evidence towards understanding the relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in the middle to late Holocene in the Fuzhou Basin and coastal areas of South China. The ages of the site deposits vary from 6.83 to 1.67 ka and can be divided into two main phases: the Keqiutou–Tanshishan culture period and the Bronze culture period. In contrast, the persistent periods of ancient human activities at the Hengyu site seem to correspond to regional sea‐level changes and the East Asian winter monsoon as a secondary factor, which can affect human activities through sea‐level impacts. The warm and high sea level conditions provided a liveable environment for the ancient humans of Fujian and even South China. The ages of two building column bases are linked to the early stage of the Han dynasty, suggesting a potentially favourable habitation environment; that is, ancient humans occupied and settled this area for the long term within this time period, which is consistent with sea‐level changes and palynology records. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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在东南沿海地区的城市建设中为了节约土地资源,缓解城市生活和交通拥挤状况,高层建筑的基坑开挖深度越来越大,同时城市地铁结点工程(车站、特别是换乘站)建设也多采用深基坑施工方法,而且呈现多层开发的趋势,城市地下工程建设已进入快速发展时期。然而这一地区广泛分布全新世新近沉积的淤泥质软土,由于其土体的性质软弱,在基坑施工中难度很大,易发生基坑边坡失稳、坑底隆起、突泥突水和支护结构失效等工程地质问题,诱发基坑周围地面沉陷、不均沉降及相邻建筑物开裂、破坏等不良环境效应。本文针对软土地区深基坑施工中可能出现的工程地质问题及不良环境效应问题进行深入研究,分析影响基坑安全的主要影响因素,提出了一些具体处置方案和防治措施,通过软土区实际基坑施工验证,是成功有效的,具有示范意义。 相似文献